2025屆高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題一閱讀理解第四講詞句猜測題-上下語境覓答案課件

第四講詞句猜測題——上下語境覓答案一、題型特點需了解PART01第一部分[題型分析]詞句猜測題是高考閱讀理解的常考題型，這類題型針對語篇中一些關(guān)鍵性的單詞、短語或句子進行設(shè)問，要求考生猜測其含義。這些需要猜測的單詞、短語或句子往往與上下文有緊密的邏輯關(guān)系，文章中往往會提供和這些詞句相關(guān)的定義解釋、提示詞或句子結(jié)構(gòu)等，考生做題時要善于尋找并捕捉這些隱性提示，并關(guān)聯(lián)上下文意進行猜測。這類題型主要考查單詞或短語詞義、句意理解和代詞指代。[選項特征]

1．正確選項特征

(1)含義和其字面意思沒有任何關(guān)系；

(2)上下文邏輯通順；

(3)與原句意思最接近；

(4)代入原文，最為得體。

2．干擾選項特征

(1)與所考詞匯形似；

(2)如果考的是熟詞、舊詞，含有常規(guī)詞義或本來含義的往往是錯誤選項；

(3)解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般是錯誤選項。二、方法技巧要知曉PART02第二部分題型一詞句猜測題在文章中，任何一個單詞、短語或句子都不是孤立存在的，它總要通過上下文和文章其他內(nèi)容有著緊密的聯(lián)系，通過這些聯(lián)系可以猜測出單詞、短語或句子的意思。有時作者在闡述某人、某物或某一現(xiàn)象的特點時，先是一般地或概括性地說一下，

然后再作具體的說明或解釋；或者反過來，先進行具體的闡述，然后再歸納、總結(jié)。如果學(xué)生能抓住作者的思路，就能從那些具體的說明、解釋或歸納中找出猜詞或句的線索。鎖定語句前后尋找，充分利用上下文語境是解題關(guān)鍵。[典例1]

(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ閱讀D片段)

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades'professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.32．Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inthisparagraphprobablymean?A．Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.B．Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C．Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.D．Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.√[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞thephrase“Inthewronghands”和inthisparagraph。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎貝爾有二十多年的專業(yè)經(jīng)驗，她能將令人頭暈的東西轉(zhuǎn)化為容易理解的東西。利用邏輯關(guān)系猜測詞義，畫線短語指的應(yīng)該是如果換一個學(xué)術(shù)能力不如坎貝爾的人來寫這本書。第三步：比對選項得出答案。技法點撥：1．“語法關(guān)系”猜詞義[典例2]

(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C片段)

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A．Clear-up. B．Add-on.C．Check-in. D．Take-over.√[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞underlinedword“declutter”和paragraph3。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第三段中的“Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.”可知，畫線詞的下一句就是對thedigitaldeclutter的解釋，根據(jù)下文中的stepawayfrom可知，畫線詞意為“清除、清理”。第三步：比對選項得出答案。技法點撥：2．“邏輯關(guān)系”猜詞義[典例3]

“ThisisoneofthemostcreativeandvaluabletechnologiesthatI'veseenasafarmer，”saidJamesJohnsonofCarzaliaFarminastatement,whohasusedCarbonRobotics'technologyonhisfarm.“Iexpecttherobotstogomainstreambecauseofhoweffectivelytheyaddresssomeoffarming'smostcriticalissues,includingtheoveruseofchemicals,processefficiency,andlabor.Theskyisthelimit.”It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat“hundredsofthousandsofdollars”．

Thede-weedingmethodoftherobotisCertifiedOrganicandinlinewithregenerativefarmingpractices.Cost-effectiveweedcontrolisthebiggestbarriertoentrywithorganicfarming,andagriculturalistslookingtomaketheswitchfinallyhaveanalternativetohelpthemgettheirvegetablesouttopeople.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”meaninparagraph4?A．Therobotswon'tspreadwidely.B．Theinventionisverypromising.C．Theweederaddresseslimitedissues.D．Thetechnologyneedsfurtherimprovement.√[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，尋找關(guān)鍵詞theunderlinedsentence“Theskyisthelimit.”和paragraph4。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第四段中的“It'snosurprisethatthe2021modeloftheAutonomousWeederhasalreadysoldout,evenconsideringitspricetagwhichwasquotedat‘hundredsofthousandsofdollars’．”可知，該除草機非常實用，2021款除草機已經(jīng)賣完，該句是對畫線句的進一步解釋說明，由此可知，畫線句應(yīng)意為“這項發(fā)明很有前景”。第三步：比對選項得出答案。技法點撥：3．“語境吻合”猜句意題型二代詞指代題在文章中，為了避免語意的重復(fù)，常用一些代詞指代上文所說的人或事。在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中，熟悉代詞的含義十分重要。代詞多是it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般來講，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答這類題目的時候要遵循“就近原則”，找出離代詞最近的名詞、詞組或句子等，當然有時需要對前面提到的內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)，才能找出代詞所指代的事物。[典例4]

(2024·浙江卷1月閱讀B片段)

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．24．Whatdoestheword“it”underlinedinthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Theplay. B．Thesharedhouse.C．Thesofa. D．Thetelephonebox.√[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞theword“it”和underlinedinthefirstparagraph。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文本段第五句。根據(jù)“就近原則”和代詞所指代的內(nèi)容一般出現(xiàn)在前面的句子中，且it表單數(shù)概念可知，此處指使“我”的合租房看起來更“年輕專業(yè)”一點，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。第三步：比對選項得出答案。技法點撥：課堂新體驗PART03第三部分A

(2024·梅州二模)Asecond-gradeeducationhasnotstoppedgarbagecollectorJoseGutierrez.HeisbringingthegiftofreadingtothousandsofColombianchildren.體裁主題語境難度記敘文拾荒老人收集書籍★★★☆☆

Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.Hewasdrivingagarbagetruckatnightthroughthecountry'sricherneighborhoods.Thebooksthatwerethrownawayslowlypiledup.Nowthegroundfloorofhissmallhouseisacommunitylibrary.Itisstacked(堆放)fromfloortoceiling.Theyrangefromchemistrytextbookstochildren'sclassics.

Booksareluxuriesforboysandgirlsinlow-incomeneighborhoods.Newreadingmaterialatbookstoresistooexpensive.Thereare19publiclibrariesinBogota,acityof8.5millionpeople.Butthelibrariestendtobelocatedfarawayfrompoorerareas.“Theyshouldbeinallneighborhoodsandoneachcornerofeveryneighborhood，”the60-year-oldsays.“Bookscansaveus.ThatiswhatColombianeeds.”

Gutierrezhasaloveofreading,whichcomesfromhismother.Shealwaysreadtohimeventhoughshewastoopoortokeephiminschool.GutierrezisakeenreaderofworksbyauthorssuchasLeoTolstoyandVictorHugo.HisfavoritebooksincludeOne

Hundred

Years

of

SolitudeandThe

General

in

His

LabyrinthbyColombia'sNobelPrize-winningnovelistGabrielGarciaMarquez.ThefirstbookGutierrezfoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovelAnna

Karenina.TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyThe

Little

Prince,Sophie's

World,The

Iliadandanumberofnovels.Today,hehascollectedaround25，000books.

Now,Gutierrezstilllooksthroughtherubbishforadditionstohislibrary,named“TheStrengthofWords”.HisfameasColombia's“LordoftheBooks”hashelpedalot.Ithasbroughthimthousandsofdonatedbooks.Hehassentmanytootherlibrariesaroundthecountry.Moreover,GutierrezhastraveledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosharehisexperienceofstartingalibrarywiththebooksthatarethrownaway.

Gutierrezsayshedoesn'trejecttechnologythatallowsbookstobereaddigitally.Buthepreferstoreadtheprintedwordsonpaper.“Thereisnothingmorebeautifulthanhavingabookinyourpocket,inyourbagorinsideyourcar.”【語篇解讀】文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來，一直將垃圾中的書籍保留下來并提供給哥倫比亞的孩子們的故事。1．HowoldwasGutierrezwhenhestartedsavingbooksfromthetrash?A．Inhistwenties.

B．Inhisthirties.C．Inhisforties. D．Inhisfifties.B

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Gutierrezstartedsavingbooksfromthetrash27yearsago.”和第三段中的“the60-year-oldsays”可知，古鐵雷斯三十幾歲時開始從垃圾桶里撿書?！?．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inparagraph3referto?A．Luxurybooks. B．Garbagetrucks.C．Publiclibraries. D．Poorareas.C

代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的前兩句可知，畫線詞They指代上文的publiclibraries?！?．WhatdidthebookAnna

KareninameantoGutierrez?A．Thebeginningofhischarityproject.B．Awindowtotheworld.C．Oneofhisgreatestachievementsinlife.D．Somecomfortindifficulttimes.A

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古鐵雷斯收集的第一本書，之后他又收集了大約25000本書。由此可推知，這本書對古鐵雷斯來說意味著他慈善事業(yè)的開始?！?．WhichofthefollowingsayingsdoesGutierrez'sstoryleadustobelieve?A．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B．Agoodbookcanshinealightuponthesoul.C．Oneman'strashisanotherman'streasure.D．Thepalestinkisbetterthanthebestmemory.C

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了60歲的拾荒者約瑟·古鐵雷斯二十多年來，一直將垃圾桶中的書籍保留下來并提供給哥倫比亞低收入家庭的孩子們的故事，由此可推知，古鐵雷斯的故事讓我們相信“一個人的垃圾可能是另一個人的財富”。√B

(2024·合肥二模)Researcherssetupanexperimentinwhich5-year-oldsweretestedwiththeirfellowsunderdifferentcircumstancesoftransparency(透明)anddifferentaudiences.Theysetupastickermachinethatinsomesettingswastransparent,andothersettingsinwhichonlythegiverofstickersknewhowmanystickershecouldgive.體裁主題語境難度說明文激發(fā)孩子的慷慨★★★★☆Theyhadchildrengiveoutstickersinbothsettings.Theresultswerestriking:Childrenwereconsistentlygenerousonlywhenthereceiverandaudienceofthestickerswerefullyawareofthedonationoptions.Childrenwerenotablyungenerouswhenthereceiverofstickerscouldn'tseetheoptions.

Theresearcherssaid,“Childrenonlyshowedconsistentlypro-socialbehaviorinourstudyintheconditionwhentheycouldseethereceiverandtheirallocations(分配物)werefullyvisible;inallotherconditions,childrenwerestatisticallyungenerous,givingthereceiverthesmalleramountofstickers.”

Theymadetheconclusionsthatataveryearlyage,childrenarelearninghowtopositionthemselvessocially.Wellbeforetheyapprehendthesociologyoftheirnetworksandwhatsocialreputationreallymeans,theythinkstrategicallyaboutgivingasafunctionofhowtheycangainareputationwithapeerasagenerouscitizenorpro-socialagentwhenthereceiverobservesthem.

Childrenchangetheirbehaviorinresponsetohavinganaudience.Helpchildrengivetoothersinfullview,deliveringmealstofamilies,andinprivate,droppingofftreatsorsurprisesforthosewhoneedsupportwithoutsigningtheirnames.Also,childrenshouldberemindedthatthank-younotesarelovelybutunnecessarytoreceive.Whenwegivegiftsorlendhelptoothers,trytohelpchildrenrememberwhytheyshouldprovidesomethingforanother.Itreallydoesn'thavetoberecognized.Whenathank-youcarddoesn'tcome,itdoesn'tmakeagiftanylessvaluableormeaningfulforthosewhowereluckyenoughtoreceive.【語篇解讀】研究表明，當別人意識到孩子的捐贈行為時，孩子會更慷慨。文章介紹了這一研究結(jié)果并就如何從小培養(yǎng)慷慨提出了建議。5．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscover?A．Thegivers'behaviorgreatlyinspiredthereceiverstohelpinreturn.B．Thechildrengaveoutanequalnumberofsti