上海海事外國會計(jì)選讀課件chapter04資料講解

Chapter4CompletingtheAccountingCycle1. AccountingCycleFinancialStatementsAdjustingandClosingEntriesFiscalYearContentsAccountingCycle會計(jì)循環(huán)Theprocessthatbeginswithanalyzingandjournalizingtransactionsandendswithsummarizingandreportingthesetransactionsiscalledtheaccountingcycle.ThemostimportantoutputoftheaccountingcycleisthefinancialstatementsClassifiedBalanceSheetClassifiedBalanceSheet:Abalancesheetthatgroupstheaccountsintosubcategoriestohelpreadersquicklygainaperspectiveonthecompany’sfinancialpositionAssets:groupedintocurrentassetsandlong-termassetsLiabilities:groupedintocurrentliabilitiesandlong-termliabilitiesClassificationofAssetsCurrentAssets流動資產(chǎn):Cashplusassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedtocashorsoldorconsumedduringthenext12monthsorwithinthenormaloperatingcycleoflongerthanayearMonetaryassets:Assetsthathaveafixedmonetaryexchangevalueandarenotaffectedbyachangeinthepricelevel.CashAccountreceivableNotereceivableNonmonetaryassetsInventoryPrepaidexpensesLong-termAssets/Long-livedAssets長期資產(chǎn):ResourcesthatareheldforanextendedtimeLand,building,equipment,naturalresources,andpatents.ClassificationofLiabilitiesCurrentLiabilities流動負(fù)債:LiabilitiesthatfallduewithinthecomingyearorwithinthenormaloperationcycleiflongerthanayearNotepayableAccountspayableUnearnedrentrevenueWagespayableInterestpayableIncometaxespayableLong-termLiabilities長期負(fù)債:ObligationsthatfallduebeyondoneyearfromthebalancesheetdateLong-termdebtFormatsofBalanceSheetsAccountformat（賬戶式）AssetattheleftReportformat(報(bào)告式）AssetonthetopIncomeStatementSingle-stepincomestatement單步式ItgroupsallrevenuestogetherandthenlistsanddeductsallexpensestogetherwithoutdrawinganyintermediatesubtotalsMultiple-stepincomestatement多步式ItcontainsoneormoresubtotalsthathighlightsignificantrelationshipsAdjustingentriesarerecordedinthejournalattheendoftheaccountingperiod.AdjustingandClosingEntriesCloseentriesClosingentries/Closingprocess關(guān)賬Closingprocessisaprocessthatfinalentriesattheendofanaccountingperiodtotransfertheincomeandexpensesitemstothebalancesheetaccounts.TheIncomeSummary

利潤匯總賬戶accountisusedonlyfortheclosingprocess.TheIncomeSummaryisdebitedforacompany'srevenues,andiscreditedforacompany'sexpenses.Theentriesthattransferthebalancesofrevenuesandthatoftheexpensesarecalledclosingentries結(jié)賬分錄Therevenueandexpenseaccountbalancesare"reset"tozeroandthenetincome(netloss)generatedduringtheperiodincreases(decreases)retainedincome.AdjustingandClosingEntriesRealaccounts實(shí)賬戶theaccounts:asset,liability,reserveandcapital--whosebalancesarenotcanceledoutattheendofanaccountingperiod,butarecarriedovertothenextperiod.Theseaccountsappearonthepost-closingtrialbalanceandthestatementofcondition(balancesheet).Alsocalledpermanentaccounts.Temporaryaccounts/nominalaccounts虛賬戶Accountswhichareconcernedwithrevenueandexpenses,suchassales,purchases,etcAdjustingandClosingEntriesTemporaryaccountsshouldbeclosedattheendoftheperiod.OWNER’SCAPITALTheClosingProcessIncomeSummary1RevenuesaretransferredtoIncomeSummary2ExpensesaretransferredtoIncomeSummary3NetIncomeorNetLossistransferredtoOwner’sCapital4DrawingsaretransferredtoOwner’sCapitalOWNER’SCAPITALIncomeSummary1RevenuesaretransferredtoIncomeSummary2ExpensesaretransferredtoIncomeSummary3NetIncomeorNetLossistransferredtoOwner’sCapital4DrawingsaretransferredtoOwner’sCapitalTheIncomeSummaryaccountdoesnotappearonthefinancialstatements.AdjustingandClosingEntriesWagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455FeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 120ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryNote:Thebalancesshownareadjustedbalancesbeforeclosing.Thefollowingsequencedemonstratestheclosingprocess.TheClosingProcessWagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455FeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 120ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryDebiteachrevenueaccountfortheamountofitsbalance,andcreditIncomeSummaryforthetotalrevenue.16,84012016,960TheClosingProcessStep1WagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryDebitIncomeSummaryforthetotalexpensesandcrediteachexpenseaccountforitsbalance.FeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 12016,84012016,9609,7754551002,040985501,6004,525TheClosingProcessStep2WagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryDebitIncomeSummary

fortheamountofitsbalance(inthiscase,thenetincome)andcreditthecapitalaccount.FeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 12016,84012016,9609,7754551002,040985501,6004,5257,2057,205TheClosingProcessStep3WagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryDebitthecapitalaccountforthebalanceofthedrawingaccount,andcreditdrawingforthesameamount.FeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 12016,84012016,9609,7754551002,040985501,6004,5257,2057,2054,0004,000TheClosingProcessStep4WagesExpenseBal. 4,525RentExpenseBal. 1,600DepreciationExpenseBal. 50UtilitiesExpenseBal. 985SuppliesExpenseBal. 2,040InsuranceExpenseBal. 100MiscellaneousExpenseBal. 455ChrisClark,CapitalBal. 25,000ChrisClark,DrawingBal. 4,000IncomeSummaryFeesEarnedBal. 16,840RentRevenueBal. 12016,48012016,9609,7754451002,040985501,6004,5257,2057,2054,0004,000

CloseRevenues

CloseExpenses

CloseIncomeSummary

CloseDrawing

16,840

120

16,960

4,525

1,600

50

985

2,040

100

455

9,775

7,205

7,205

4,000

4,000ReviewoftheClosingProcessCloseEntriesFeesEarned 16840 RentRevenue 120 IncomeSummary 16960IncomeSummary 9755 WagesExpense 4525 RentExpense 1600 DepreciationExpense 50 UtilitiesExpense 985 SuppliesExpense 2040 InsuranceExpense 100 MiscellaneousExpense 455IncomeSummary 7205 ChrisClark,Capital 7025ChrisClark,capital 4000 ChrisClark,Drawing 4000Aftertheclosingentriesareposted,allofthetemporaryaccountshavezerobalances.Post-closingTrialBalanceNetSolutionsPost-ClosingTrialBalanceDecember31,2005Cash 206500AccountsReceivable 272000Supplies 76000PrepaidInsurance 230000Land 2000000OfficeEquipment 180000AccumulatedDepreciation 5000AccountsPayable 90000WagesPayable 25000UnearnedRent 24000ChrisClark,Capital 2820500 2964500 2964500ManualAccountingCycle1. Transactionsareanalyzed andrecordedinjournal.DocumentsJournal2. Tran