2022中考熱點題型歸納與變式練 專題15 閱讀理解（解析版）

中考熱點題型歸納與變式練專題15閱讀理解【題型一】閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文【典例分析】（2021·貴州黔南·中考真題）TheOlympicGamesbeganinOlympia,inancientGreece.Theyweremadeupofmanysports.Theystillexisttoday.TheserunnersaretakingpartinthemodernOlympics.AttheancientOlympicstherewerewrestlingmatches.Someathleteshurledadiscusasfarastheycould.AnotherpopularOlympicsportwasthelongjump.Menracedaroundatrackinchariotspulledbyhorses.ThemodernOlympicsareheldallovertheworld.Onlythebestathletestakepart.ATHENSAthensisthecapitalofGreece.ItwasthehostcityofthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.ThegamestookplaceinthePanathenaicStadium.BEIJINGBeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithostedthe2008OlympicGames.TheopeningceremonywasintheNationalStadium.Itisalsocalled“theBird’sNest”.LONDONLondonisthecapitalofGreatBritain.IthashostedtheOlympicGamesthreetimesin1908,1948and2012,morethananyothercity.ThegamestookplaceintheWimbledonStadium.1．Howmanysportsarementionedinthismaterial?________A．Three. B．Four. C．Five.2．WhichcityheldthefirstmodernOlympicGames?________A．Athens. B．Beijing. C．London.3．Theopeningceremonyofthe2008OlympicGameswasin________.A．theNationalStadium B．thePanathenaicStadium C．theWimbledonStadium4．Thismaterialismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．a(chǎn)storybook B．a(chǎn)magazine C．a(chǎn)nadvertisement【答案】1-4．CAAB【短文分析】本文主要介紹了奧運會的起源、運動項目和三個舉辦過奧運會的城市?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheserunnersaretakingpartinthemodernOlympics.AttheancientOlympicstherewerewrestlingmatches.Someathleteshurledadiscusasfarastheycould.AnotherpopularOlympicsportwasthelongjump.Menracedaroundatrackinchariotspulledbyhorses.”可知文中提到了五項運動，故選C?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AthensisthecapitalofGreece.ItwasthehostcityofthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.”可知雅典舉辦了第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會，故選A。【第3題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BeijingisthecapitalofChina.Ithostedthe2008OlympicGames.TheopeningceremonywasintheNationalStadium”可知2008年奧運會開幕式是在國家體育場舉行，故選A?！镜?題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“TheOlympicGamesbeganinOlympia,inancientGreece.Theyweremadeupofmanysports.Theystillexisttoday.”以及通讀全文可知本文主要介紹了奧運會的起源、運動項目和三個舉辦過奧運會的城市，所以推斷這篇文章很可能在雜志社看到，故選B?！咎岱置丶靠键c掃描閱讀理解主要考查考生對閱讀材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解考試文體中一般會有一篇記敘文，話題主要是關(guān)于人物經(jīng)歷及感受、咨詢或建議、特殊人物介紹、跨文化介紹和活動計劃等，形式可為日記、對話或短文等。考查方式上多為4道細節(jié)理解題和1道推理判斷題或1道主旨大意題。閱讀理解考試也少不了應(yīng)用文體，主要為海報信息、旅游信息和廣告信息等廣告圖表類等，--般圖表為1~4個框，框前有對表格整體內(nèi)容的文字介紹。試題的選材貼近考生生活，時代氣息濃郁，考查方式上多為3~5道細節(jié)理解題，偶爾考查1道數(shù)字計算題或1道推理判斷題。閱讀理解也會出現(xiàn)說明文。話題多涉及個人成長、咨詢或建議、特殊人物介紹、跨文化介紹等。文章以傳遞生活和學(xué)習(xí)正能量為主。如:夢想的重要性、如何面對生活、產(chǎn)生痛苦的原因及解決方法等。考查方式為:前兩道小題多為細節(jié)理解題，中間1道為詞義猜測題，1道為推理判斷題，1道為主旨大意題或標(biāo)題歸納題。做題技巧一、快速瀏覽問題。讀問題時最好能判斷哪些問題可在文章中直接找出答案，哪些需要下結(jié)論等。二、帶著問題重讀。重讀時，務(wù)必在頭腦中記下尚未回答的問題，對文章有總體理解，注意文章的一些細微之處。此方法特別適用于表格型文體和羅列各種信息的文章。閱讀前明確任務(wù)，設(shè)置各種閱讀活動，培養(yǎng)自己有目的的閱讀，這是提高閱讀能力的一種實用技巧。可采用以下幾種方法訓(xùn)練:1.題干定位法題干定位法屬于“查讀法”的一種。應(yīng)用文閱讀材料包含的信息非常全面，但在中考試題中，它通常就某一點提問。因此，以細節(jié)理解為主，考生完全沒必要從頭到尾仔細閱讀。在做此類題時，宜采用“題干定位法”，即先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題的要求，按照題目順序依次有針對性地結(jié)合題干中的關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位，從而快速尋找有效信息。再將原文和選項進行比較。當(dāng)問題與原文材料相同的時候，對號入座;如果問題與原文不同，則可以同義替換、歸納事實等。2.補全成分法省略詞和省略句在應(yīng)用文中大量出現(xiàn)。對于影響語境理解的省略情況，我們應(yīng)將省略句補全，從而更加準(zhǔn)確地理解其意思。3.信息再加工法此方法主要用于詞義或句意推測題，以及涉及數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換的判斷推理題。此類題目需要考生對原文相關(guān)信息做正確理解,并通過推理判斷或計算，對信息進行再加工?！咀兪窖菥殹块喿x理解之應(yīng)用文第1篇（2021·江蘇淮安·中考真題）Summerreadingprogrammesencouragestudentstoreadinthesummerholiday.Belowyou’llfindalistofsummerreadingprogrammesthisyearthatwillofferyoufreethingslikebooks.Giftcardsandmore.XianfengSummerReadingProgrammeThisyeartheprogrammegivesoutafreebooktoeachchildwhoreadsandrecords5booksduringthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade1—6.ThisfreeprogrammerunsfromJuly1toAugust31.XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeStudentscangetafreebaseballcapthissummerfromthisreadingprogramme.Thestudentsmustread4oftherecommendedbooksandfillaformtoshowwhichonestheyread.Theprogrammegoesonallyearround.SanlianSummerReadingChallengeSanlianbookstoreswillgiveyoungreadersaStarReadercertificate（證書）andadiscountcard（打折卡）iftheyreadany8booksoverthesummer.ThisprogrammeisforstudentsinGrade7—9.ThisprogrammerunsfromMay1toSeptember1.DangdangSummerReadingChallengeDangdanghasareadingchallengewherestudentsreadonlineandthenrecordtheminutesthey’veread.Theycanalsotakeweeklychallengestogetrewards.ThisprogrammerunsfromJuly1toOctober1.1.Thispassageisaboutfoursummerreadingprogrammesfor________.A．teachers B．parents C．students D．onlinereaders2．Studentscanget________fromXianfengSummerReadingProgrammeiftheyfinishthetask.A．a(chǎn)freebook B．a(chǎn)freebaseballcap C．a(chǎn)certificate D．a(chǎn)discountcard3．Amongthefourprogrammes,________laststhelongest.A．XianfengSummerReadingProgramme B．XinhuaSummerReadingProgrammeC．SanlianSummerReadingChallenge D．DangdangSummerReadingChallenge4．ReaderscangetDangdangrewardsby________.A．reading8books B．takingweeklychallengesC．fillingaformtoshowthebookstheyread D．recordingthenumberofthebookstheyread5．Thepurposeofthefourprogrammesis________.A．tohelpbookstoressellbooks B．togivestudentssomefreethingsC．toshowstudentstheimportanceofreading D．toencouragestudentstoreadmorebooks【答案】1-5．CABBD【短文分析】文章是介紹了幾個暑期閱讀項目清單的詳細情況。【答案解析】【第1題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Summerreadingprogrammesencouragestudentstoreadinthesummerholiday.”可知，閱讀計劃是面向?qū)W生的，故選C?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“XianfengSummerReadingProgramme”中的信息“Thisyeartheprogrammegivesoutafreebooktoeachchildwhoreadsandrecords5booksduringthesummer.”可知，如果完成任務(wù)可以免費獲得一本書，故選A?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“XinhuaSummerReadingProgramme”中的信息“Theprogrammegoesonallyearround.”可知，這個計劃是全年都在進行的，持續(xù)時間最長的是XinhuaSummerReadingProgramme，故選B?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Dangdanghasareadingchallengewherestudentsreadonlineandthenrecordtheminutesthey’veread.Theycanalsotakeweeklychallengestogetrewards.”可知，學(xué)生在線閱讀，然后記錄他們閱讀的分鐘數(shù)，也可以每周接受挑戰(zhàn)來獲得獎勵，故選B?！镜?題】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Summerreadingprogrammesencouragestudentstoreadinthesummerholiday.”可知，這四個計劃都是為了鼓勵學(xué)生們讀更多的書籍，故選D。閱讀理解之應(yīng)用文第2篇（2021·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）DearSigmundFriend,Mybrotherplaystheguitarverywell,somyparentssignedmeup(報名)forguitartoo.ButI’mjustnotaguitargirl.WhatshouldIdo?Can’tHoldDearCan’tHold,Thankyouforyourletter.Whileyourparentswantyoutoplaytheguitar,minehopedI’dplaybaseball.Youwouldbeamazedathowmuchmyparentslovebaseball.Mydadwasthestarplayeronhisschoolteam,andtheyfirstmetinlinetobuyhotdogsatabaseballgame!Yearsago,myparentsthoughtbaseballwouldjustbeinmybloodandI’dbeatalentedplayer.BeforeIcouldsay“Thanks,butnothanks”,theyhadsignedmeupandorderedmyuniform!Don’tgetmewrong.Mytrainingonbaseballwasn’tterrible.Ourcoachwasniceandthekidsonourteamweregreat.EventhoughIneverbecameverygoodatbaseball,Ididimprovebytheendofthatseason.Thensomethingunexpectedhappenedoneday.Mygrandmothertookmetothecommunitypoolonthewayhomeafterthebaseballpractice.ItturnedouttobethebesttimeIeverhad.IswamhappilywithaboycalledBenandlaterwebecamegoodfriends.Thenwedecidedtojoinaswimmingteam.SoItalkedtomyparentsaboutitthatnight,andtheyweresurprisinglyunderstandingaboutmywantingtobeonaswimmingteam.ButtheysaidIshouldfinishoutthatyear’sbaseballseasonfirst.SodearCan’tHold,here’swhatIthink.Yourparentspossiblythinkthatbecauseyourbrotherisintoguitar,youmustbeintoittoo.Buttheywon’tknowhowyoufeelifyoudon’ttalktothemaboutit.Whynotletthemknowthatguitardoesn’tseemliketherightinstrumentforyou,andgiveanotherinstrumentatry?Maybeyoucangiveviolinorpianoashot.Hopemyadviceishelpful.SigmundFriend(adaptedfromAFishontheBaseballField)1．Whodoestheunderlinedword“they”referto(指代)?A．Sigmund’sparents. B．Dad’steammates. C．Baseballgameviewers. D．Thegirl’sparents.2．WhatdoesSigmundmeanbythesentence“Thanks,butnothanks”?A．Herefusedhisparents,buthewasstillthankfultothem.B．Hefeltproudofhisparentsbecausetheyplayedbaseballwell.C．Herespectedhisparents,buthewasn’twillingtoplaybaseball.D．Heacceptedhisparents’advicebecausehe’dbeatalentedplayer.3．SigmundtellsCan’tHoldthestoryofhisowntoadviseherto________.A．talkwithhergrandmother B．followherownheartC．communicatewithherparents D．learnfromherbrother【答案】1-3．ACC【短文分析】本文是兩篇書信，第一封是Can’tHold寫給SigmundFriend的信，向他尋求幫助；第二封是SigmundFriend的回信，用自身的經(jīng)歷給出建議?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Youwouldbeamazedathowmuchmyparentslovebaseball.Mydadwasthestarplayeronhisschoolteam,andtheyfirstmetinlinetobuyhotdogsatabaseballgame!”可知，你會驚訝于我父母有多喜歡棒球，我爸爸是校隊的明星球員，他們第一次相遇是在一場棒球比賽中排隊買熱狗的時候!，此處they指的是Sigmund的父母，故選A?！镜?題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“BeforeIcouldsay‘Thanks,butnothanks,’theyhadsignedmeupandorderedmyuniform!”可知，我還沒來得及說“謝謝，但不用了”，他們就給我報名了，還訂購了制服。所以此處想表達作者尊重父母，但是并不想去打棒球，故選C。【第3題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Buttheywon’tknowhowyoufeelifyoudon’ttalktothemaboutit.Whynotletthemknowthatguitardoesn’tseemliketherightinstrumentforyou,andgiveanotherinstrumentatry?”可知，但如果你不告訴他們，他們不會知道你的感受，為什么不讓他們知道吉他不適合你，然后再試試別的樂器呢？Sigmund建議跟父母進行交流，故選C?！绢}型二】閱讀理解之記敘文【典例分析】（2021·江蘇徐州·中考真題）Lisastoodnexttohertallsilentgrandfatherandwatchedherparentsdriveoff,leavingherbehind.Shelookedupathergrandfather.Helookeddownather.Hisskinwasalittledarkerthanhers.Hishairwasblackandwhite,asifitcouldn’tdecidewhichcoloritshouldbe.“Youdon’ttalkmuch,Grandpa,”Lisasaid.“Youdon’tvisitmuch,Lisa,”hergrandfatherreplied.Theystoodlookingateachother.“Comewithme,Lisa,”saidGrandpa.Hestartedwalkingwithoutlookingback.Lisafollowedhimtoalargestorehouse.LisarememberedherlastvisittoGrandpa’s.Shehadplayedhide-and-seekwithherbrotherJackinthestorehouse.ButnowJackneededanoperation.Lisahadtostayherealoneforafewdays.“Youcoming?”Grandpa’svoicesoundedmuffled.Hiswordswerecomingfrominsidethestorehouse.Lisawentinside.Thestorehousewasfullofallkindsofthings.Shecouldseehiminthefarcorner.Lisawalkedoverandstoodnexttohim.Hepointedtoasmallwoodenboxwith“Lisa”paintedonitinbrightgreenletters.“Yours,”hesaid.Lisabentdownandopenedit.Initweresomeoldthings—abrightbluefeather,atinyV-shapeleafandsomedolls.ShelookedupatGrandpa,withtearsinhereyes.“Theboxstayshere,butitbelongedtoyou.Nooneelse.”Thenheclosedhiseyesandsmiled.HissmileremindedLisaofherfather.Grandpanolongerseemedstrangeandsilent.“Imaybesoovercapitalized（過剩）,”Lisaanswered,carefullypronouncingthefamiliarword.Grandpalaughedoutloud.“Howdidthateight-year-oldbrainofyoursfinditswayaroundabigwordlike‘overcapitalized’?”“It’smydad’sfavouriteword,”Lisareplied.GrandpalookeddownatLisaandsmiled.HissmileagainremindedLisaofherfather.Withoutthinking,shereachedupandtookGrandpa’shand.Lisa’shandfeltsmallandsafeinsidehergrandfather’s.“Imightneedmorethanonevisittomybox,”Lisasaidseriously.“Iexpect,”Grandpasaid.1．WhydidLisastaywithGrandpaaloneforafewdays?A．Shewasonhersummervacation. B．Shemissedhergrandfatherverymuch.C．Hergrandfatherneededanoperationsoon. D．Herparentshadtolookafterhersickbrother.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“muffled”probablymean?A．Strange. B．Loud. C．Unclear. D．Beautiful.3．ThepassagetellsaboutGrandpaEXCEPTthat________.A．helikeddoingDIY B．hewasamanoffewwordsC．hehadblackandwhitehair D．hekeptawoodenboxforLisa4．WhatdidLisapromisetodoattheendofthestory?A．Takecareofherbrother. B．Writetoherparents. C．Usebigwordssometimes. D．VisitGrandpaoften.【答案】1-4．DCAD【短文分析】本文是一篇記敘文，向我們介紹麗薩和爺爺之間的故事?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ButnowJackneededanoperation.Lisahadtostayherealoneforafewdays.”可知，現(xiàn)在杰克需要做手術(shù)，麗薩不得不獨自在這里跟爺爺待幾天，故選D?！镜?題】詞義猜測題。分析“Grandpa’svoicesoundedmuffled.Hiswordswerecomingfrominsidethestorehouse.”可知，爺爺?shù)穆曇袈犉饋砗艿统粒脑捠菑膫}庫里傳出來的。所以muffled的意思是“低沉的，不清楚的”，故選C?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hishairwasblackandwhite”，“Youdon’ttalkmuch,Grandpa”和“Hepointedtoasmallwoodenboxwith‘Lisa’paintedonitinbrightgreenletters.”可知，文章沒有提到爺爺喜歡做DIY，故選A?！镜?題】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Imightneedmorethanonevisittomybox”可知，麗薩可能需要不止一次的訪問盒子，也就是說麗薩會經(jīng)常來看爺爺，故選D?！咎岱置丶靠键c掃描人物故事類的閱讀理解文章是中考英語?？疾牧现弧＿@類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。1.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞軼事、生活背景、個性特征、成長和奮斗歷程等，其特點是以時間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強。2.做題技巧解題要點1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時應(yīng)該抓住時間線索來獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個時間做過什么，然后通過分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進行解題。2.解題策略一、縱觀全文，列出記敘的要素一篇記敘文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必須交代清楚記敘的要素，即:時間、地點、人物、事件的原因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。二、弄清記敘的順序初中階段的記敘文多為順敘，因此需用鉛筆在文中勾畫出事情發(fā)展的先后時間，再簡單畫出每個時間做的事情，這樣就能很快把握故事內(nèi)容。三、理解記敘的人稱弄清記敘文中人稱代詞指代的對象，這有利于更好地理解文意。記敘文設(shè)置題目時，經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)某個代詞的指代意義，因此，要結(jié)合上下文，理解代詞的指代內(nèi)容，這對進一步理解文章大意有所幫助。四、找出記敘的線索線索是記敘文的綱，抓住線索，就能理順文章內(nèi)容，掌握文章結(jié)構(gòu)，從而更好地理解文章的中心思想。五、體會記敘文的表達手法記敘文以敘事為主，有時也運用描寫、說明和議論。尤其要注意夾敘夾議類文章，它的題目設(shè)計往往為推理性的或總結(jié)性的?！咀兪窖菥殹块喿x理解之記敘文第1篇（2021·甘肅蘭州·中考真題）Sixweeksbeforehis97thbirthday,GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paterno’sstoryhasbeenreportedaroundtheworld,anddrawswideattention,partlybecauseofhisage,themoreimportantpartisthathislifestoryshowshisbelief.HehasencouragedmillionsofchildreninItalyandelsewherewhiletheyarefacingdifficultiesduringthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠疫情）.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily,Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.Itwasonlyafterheretiredinthemid-1980sthathereturnedtohisbooks.“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung-notinagebutinspirit-ifyoudevelopinterests,”saidRosellaCancila,histeacherofhistoryattheUniversityofPalermo.Italy’suniversitysystemisbasedonathree-yeardegree,thenatwo-yearmaster’scourse.UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternowillcontinuehisstudies.Butheisn’tsosure.“Ihavetosaythatinthismoment,Idon’tknowwhetherIwouldkeeponstudyingwiththesamespirit,”hesaid,addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired.Still,Mr.Paternosaidthathewouldprobablytrytogethismaster’sdegreebuthehadn’tdecidedyet.閱讀以上短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容回答其后各個小題。1．GiuseppePaterno’sdreamofalifetimeisto________.A．returntohishometown B．getauniversitydegreeC．drawpeople’sattention D．encouragethechildreninhiscountry2．WhydidMr.Paternogotoworksoonafterhefinishedhisprimaryschool?A．Becausehewasnotgoodatstudy. B．Becausehedislikedhisteachers.C．Becausehisfamilywaspoor. D．Becausehisjobwasinteresting.3．AccordingtoRossellaCancila,developinginterestscanhelppeoplestay________.A．younginage B．younginspirit C．healthyinbody D．healthyinmind4．Fromthepassage,weknowthatalltheattentionmakesMr.Paternoalittle________.A．tired B．nervous C．happy D．excited5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．SeeingIsBelieving. B．PracticeMakesPerfect.C．ActionsSpeakLouderThanWords. D．It’sNeverTooLatetoFollowaDream.【答案】1-5．BCBAD【短文分析】本文是一篇記敘文。向我們介紹一位意大利爺爺96歲大學(xué)畢業(yè)追尋夢想的故事。他的經(jīng)歷說明追逐夢想永遠不會晚?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GiuseppePaternomadehisdreamofalifetimecometrue:Hegotauniversitydegree.”可知，GiuseppePaterno實現(xiàn)了他一生的夢想：他獲得了大學(xué)學(xué)位。故選B?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildreninaverypoorfamily,Mr.Paternobeganworkingsoonafterfinishingprimaryschool.”可知，Paterno先生1923年出生在巴勒莫一個非常貧窮的家庭，家里有七個孩子，他是家里的老大。小學(xué)畢業(yè)后不久，他就開始工作。故選C。【第3題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hisstoryshowsthatdreamscancometrueandthatyoucanremainyoung-notinagebutinspirit-ifyoudevelopinterests”可知，他的故事告訴我們，夢想是可以成真的，你可以保持年輕——不是在年齡上，而是在精神上——只要你培養(yǎng)興趣。故選B。【第4題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“addingthatalltheattentionhadmadehimabittired”可知，所有的關(guān)注讓他有點累，故選A。【第5題】最佳標(biāo)題題。本文向我們介紹一位意大利爺爺96歲大學(xué)畢業(yè)追尋夢想的故事。他的經(jīng)歷說明追逐夢想永遠不會晚。故選D。閱讀理解之記敘文第2篇（2021·廣東廣州·中考真題）AmywalkedtowardMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshewasplantingroses.Lastweek,Amyandherparentsjustmovedintothehousenextdoor.Theoldwomanlookedup,“Whythelongface,Amy?”“Therearen’tanykidsaroundtoplaywith,”saidAmy.“Ihavenothingtodo.”MissBrownsmiled,“Yousoundjustlikeagirlwhousedtolivehere.”“Really?Who?”“HernameisRachel,”saidMissBrown.“Toobadyoutwoyounggirlscouldn’thavelivedhereatthesametime.”“WhatdidRacheldowhenshewasbored?”askedAmy.“Sheplantedaflowergarden,”answeredMissBrown.AmylookedatMissBrown’sroses.“CouldI,too?”MissBrownhandedAmysometoolsandroses.“Thiswillgetyoustarted.”“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amyworkedhardthewholeafternooninhergarden.Whenshesawthelovelyrosesplanted,shesmiled.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thenextday,AmywateredherrosesandwalkedtoMissBrown’sbackyard,whereshesatreading.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy.“Shewrotepoemsinherflowergarden,”MissBrownanswered.“Oneofherpoemsevenwonaprizeinaschoolcompetition.”Amyclosedhereyes.“Howgooditwouldfeel,butIdon’tknowhowtowritepoems,”shesaid.MissBrownsmiled,“Thebestwayistoreadpoemsfirst.”ShehandedAmyherbook.“Thanks,”saidAmy.Amylayonherstomachnexttoherrosesandread.Thenshestartedtowrite.Thatnightshehadapoemthatmightnotbeaprizewinnerbutsoundedgoodenough.Still,itwastoobadthatRachelwasn’tthere.Thethirdday,Amywateredherflowers,wroteanewpoem,andthenwalkedtoMissBrownagain.“WhatelsedidRacheldo?”askedAmy,“Sheplayedintheattic(閣樓).Comewithme,”MissBrowninvited.“Thanks!”saidAmy.“Makeyourselfathome,”MissBrownsaidandleftAmytosearchalonethere.ThenAmyfoundatrophy(獎杯)withthesewords—FirstPrizeinPoetry.RachelBrown.1937.Slowly,asmilespreadacrossherface.AmyranbacktoMissBrown,“IwonderifRachelwouldliketowritepoemsinmyflowergarden.”MissBrownsmiled,“Ithinkshewouldloveto.”1．WhywasAmyunhappyatfirst?A．Shecouldn’tmeetRachel. B．Shedidn’tlikethenewhouse.C．Shedidn’thaveanyfriendsthere. D．ShewasleftalonetoMissBrown.2．WhatdidMissBrowndotohelpAmy?A．ShetoldAmytostayalone. B．SheworkedandreadwithAmy.C．SheshowedRachel’spoemstoAmy. D．ShesuggestedsomeactivitiestoAmy.3．WhatdidAmyfindoutaboutRachelintheattic?A．Whoshereallyis. B．Hersecrethobby. C．Howoldsheisnow. D．Herprizewinningpoem.4．Whichisthemainlessonofthestory?A．Havingsharedinterestsisimportanttoarealfriendship.B．Workinginthegardenisthebestwaytofightloneliness.C．Parentsshouldthinktwicebeforemovingtoanewplace.D．Itisdifficultforchildrentomakefriendswithgrown-ups.【答案】1-4．CDDB【短文分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了艾米搬新家之后沒有朋友很孤獨，在布朗小姐的建議之下，她用各種活動來排解了自己的寂寞?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Therearen’tanykidsaroundtoplaywith”可知，因為周圍沒有孩子可以成為朋友，一起去玩，所以艾米不開心。故選C?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“MissBrownhandedAmysometoolsandroses…Shewrotepoemsinherflowergarden”可知，布朗小姐建議艾米自己進行一些活動。故選D。【第3題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“ThenAmyfoundatrophy(獎杯)withthesewords—FirstPrizeinPoetry.RachelBrown.1937”可知，艾米在閣樓里發(fā)現(xiàn)了瑞秋獲獎的詩歌。故選D?！镜?題】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇記敘文，講述了艾米搬新家之后沒有朋友很孤獨，在布朗小姐的建議之下，她用各種活動來排解了自己的寂寞。故選B?！绢}型三】閱讀理解之說明文【典例分析】（2021·山東淄博·中考真題）Wantbetterodds?Somepeoplebelievethatfindingaheads－uppennyisgoodluck.Theodds(幾率)thatafoundpennywillbeheadsupareoneintwo.Good－luckseekers(探求者)canalsobreakawishbone.Twopeopleholdawishbone(如愿骨),makeawish,thenbreakit.Itissaidthatthepersonwhogelsthebiggerpiecewillgethisorherwish.Theoddsofgettingthebiggerpieceareoneintwo.AccordingtoIrishtradition,findingafour－leafclover(三葉草)willbringyougoodluck.Butjusthowhardisittofindone?Foreverytenthousandcloversyoulookat,theoddsarethatoneofthemwillhavefourleavesinsteadofthree.WhenIwasakid,Ioncefoundafour－leafcloverinourbackyard.Iknewthatfour－leafcloversarerare(稀有的),butIdidn’tknowhow“l(fā)ucky”IwastofindoneuntilIreadWhatAretheOdds?IfIhadknown,Imighthavebeenmorecarefulwithit.Ilostitsoonafterwards—alongwithaluckykeychainandaluckycoin.It’sfuntopretend(自稱)thatthingslikefour－leafcloverscanbringusgoodluck.ButIbelievethatwemakeourowngoodluckwithhardwork.Sometimesourhardworkleadstosuccessinwayswedon’texpect.Andoftenweare“l(fā)ucky”whensomeoneelsetakesthetimetogiveusthehelpweneed.It’sfuntofindafour－leafcloverandhopeforgoodluck.Butit’smorefunwhenweworkhardanddoourbest－andwhenwelendahelpinghandtoothers—wecanmaketruemagic.1．Theoddsoffindingafour－leafcloverare________.A．1in2 B．3in4 C．1in1,000 D．1in10,0002．Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetothefour－leafclovershefoundwhenshewasakid?A．Shetreasureditverymuch. B．Shedidn’tcareaboutitatall.C．Shedidn’ttakeittooseriously. D．Shedidn’tknowwhattodowithit.3．Howcanwegetourowngoodluckinthewriter’sopinion?A．Byworkinghard. B．Byfindingaheads－uppenny.C．Byfindingawishbone. D．Byfindingafour－leafclover.4．Thispassageisprobablywrittenfor________.A．coincollectors B．gardeners C．pupils D．Irishpeople【答案】1-4．DCAC【短文分析】本文是一篇說明文,通過尋求幸運的三種傳統(tǒng)方法來說明,努力工作和盡最大努力并且當(dāng)我們伸出援助之手時才會帶來真正的幸運?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Foreverytenthousandcloversyoulookat,theoddsarethatoneofthemwillhavefourleavesinsteadofthree.”可知，每一萬棵三葉草里面才會有一棵四葉草，故找到四葉草的幾率為1/10000，故選D?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句“Iknewthatfour－leafcloversarerare(稀有的),butIdidn’tknowhow“l(fā)ucky”IwastofindoneuntilIreadWhatAretheOdds?IfIhadknown,Imighthavebeenmorecarefulwithit.”可知,作者當(dāng)時雖然知道四葉草稀有,但并沒有過多關(guān)注；如果作者早知道發(fā)現(xiàn)四葉草這么幸運,她會更仔細待它的,故選C?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句“ButIbelievethatwemakeourowngoodluckwithhardwork.”可知，幸運是通過努力工作而來的，故選A?！镜?題】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章旨在將“越努力,越幸運”這一道理告訴學(xué)生們，這篇文章是寫給學(xué)生們的。故選C?！咎岱置丶靠键c掃描一、中考相關(guān)能力檢測內(nèi)容1.理解和把握文章的主旨大意、段落大意和中心思想的能力。2.理解和把握文章具體信息來獲取有關(guān)信息的能力，及根據(jù)上下文提供的語境推測生詞詞義、句意，進而加深對文章的理解的能力。3.根據(jù)文章進行簡單的數(shù)字推算和計算的能力。4.既要理解詞、短語、句子和文章的表層意思，又要理解其深層含義和抽象概念的能力。5.理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知信息進行合理的推理判斷和預(yù)測新信息的能力。二、中考相關(guān)命題特點初中英語試題中的閱讀文章題材豐富(涉及政治經(jīng)濟、社會文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個方面)，體裁多樣(包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報道、廣告、通知、操作說明、表格等)。中考閱讀理解要求學(xué)生能較快地通過閱讀理解短文大意，獲取其中的主要信息，能作出正確判斷，然后根據(jù)試題的要求從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案或作出正誤判斷。文章的難易程度和初三課文基本相同，要求閱讀速度為每分鐘40—50個詞。做題技巧與策略一、瀏覽全文，把握大意。對于這類文章，先不必急于答題。而是快速瀏覽全文。弄清材料介紹或說明的對家是何物或何事。這一步可以解決試題中出現(xiàn)的主旨大意題或文章出處題。二、精讀全文，把握細節(jié)。在把握了文章的中心后，再精讀全文，看作者是從哪些方面來介紹或說明這-事物或?qū)ο蟮摹Ｔ谶@個步驟中，我們要弄清全文的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)。這步可以解決試題中出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)理解題。三、認真讀題，確定關(guān)鍵。在把握全文的基本結(jié)構(gòu)之后，我們可以認真看題，確定試題的關(guān)鍵詞語。每一道題都會有測試的重點，這些測試的重點就是通過這些關(guān)鍵詞語體現(xiàn)出來的。四、依據(jù)關(guān)鍵，快速定位。試題中的關(guān)鍵詞語往往會在文章中出現(xiàn)，而與本題相關(guān)的答題依據(jù)往往也就出現(xiàn)在這些關(guān)鍵詞語的前后。我們可以通過這些關(guān)鍵詞語迅速地確定答案。五、基于依據(jù)，推理判斷。對于推理判斷題，我們在把握了相關(guān)的信息之后，就要利用好這些信息進行相應(yīng)的推理判斷，并得出合理的結(jié)論?！咀兪窖菥殹块喿x理解之說明文第1篇（2021·山東濟寧·中考真題）Probablynothingcancomparewithaparent’swilltoprotectherchild.Let’sseehowtheseanimalsfindwaystoprotecttheirchildren.

Spermwhalesareemperorsoftheocean.Theyarealsotheworld’sbiggestbabysitters.Themothersupportsher2babynearthesurfaceinordertohelpittobreatheuntilitisstrongenoughtoswimonitsown.Whiletheyaredivingforfood,however,theiryoungmaybeunabletofollowtheirparents.

Thiscausesabigchildcareproblem.Thesolution?Ababysitter.

Olderwhaleshaveanactiverole.Theymaybeauntsorgrandmothers（whocanliveto100ormoreyearsold）andtheymayevenbemembersofotherfamilies.Theypatientlytakecareoftheyoungwhalesjustunderthesurfaceofthewater,waitingforthefeedingmotherstoreturn.

Elephantsgivenewmeaningtothephrase:takesavillagetoraiseachild.“Thebabyhasahugegroupofmothers.Thesemotherstaketurnstowatchovereachother’schildren.”Theyarecalled“allmothers”,helpingthenewbornsurvive（生存）byhelpingitsmother.Withtheirhelp,themothercangetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.Aftercarryinganearly300poundbabyfor22months,you’dprobablyneedsomerest,too!

Howfarwouldyougotoprotectyourchild?Wouldyoustarve（餓死）yourselftohelpitsurvive?

FemaleOctopusesdo.Anoctopuslaysbetween50,000and200,000eggseachtime.Then,sheseparatestheeggsintogroupsbasedontheirsize,shapeandpossibilityofsurvival.Shethenspendsthenexttwomonthsofherlifeprotectingthem.Sheissobusykeepingthemalive.Shedoesn’tevenhavetimetofeedherself-sosheoftenendsupdyingshortlyafterhereggshatch（孵化）.1．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“solution”?A．Question.B．Answer.C．Parent.D．Ocean.2．Inwhatwayistheelephant’swayofchildcaresimilartothespermwhale’s?________A．Themotherspends22monthstakingcareofherbaby.B．Othersinthecommunityhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.C．Themothertriestogetenoughfoodandprovidemilkforherchild.D．Oldermembersofthefamilyhelpthemothertakecareofherbabies.3．Choosethecorrectorderinwhichamotheroctopuscaresforherbabies.________①Shelayshereggs.②Hereggshatch.③Shediesofhunger.④Sheseparatestheeggsintogroups.⑤Sheworkshardtokeephereggsalive.A．①②③④⑤B．④⑤①②③C．①④⑤③②D．①④⑤②③4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?________A．ThreeKindsofEndangeredAnimals.B．HowAnimalsHelpandProtectEachOther.C．AmazingWayAnimalsCareforTheirYoung.D．TheSpermwhales,theElephantsandtheOctopuses.【答案】1-4．BBDC【短文分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四種動物是如何找到保護自己孩子的方法的?！敬鸢附馕觥俊镜?題】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前句“Thiscausesabigchildcareproblem.”這導(dǎo)致了一個很大的育兒問題，結(jié)合“Ababysitter.”可猜測出，下劃線單詞的意思應(yīng)是“解決辦法、答案”，和answer“答案”意思接近。故選B。【第2題】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Theypatientlytakecareoftheyoungwhalesjustunderthesurfaceofthewater,waitingforthefeedingmotherstoreturn.和Thebabyhasahugegroupofmothers.Thesemotherstaketurnstowatchovereachother’schildren.”可知，大象的育兒方式與抹香鯨的育兒方式的相似之處是有其他群體幫助母親照顧嬰兒。故選B?！镜?題】細節(jié)理解題。通讀第三個表格可知，章魚媽媽照顧寶寶的正確順序是：Anoctopuslaysbetween50,000and200,000eggseachtime.她產(chǎn)卵；Then,sheseparatestheeggsintogroupsbasedontheirsize,shapeandpossibilityofsurvival.她把卵分成幾組；Shethenspendsthenexttwomonthsofherlifeprotectingthem.她努力工作使卵活下來；Shedoesn’tevenhavetimetofeedherself-sosheoftenendsupdyingshortlyafterhereggshatch（孵化）.她的卵孵化；她死于饑餓。故章魚媽媽照顧寶寶的正確順序是：①④⑤②③。故選D?！镜?題】最佳標(biāo)題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文中“Probablynothingcancomparewithaparent’swilltoprotectherchild.Let’sseehowtheseanimalsfindwaystoprotecttheirchildren.”可知，本文主要介紹了四種動物是如何找到保護自己孩子的方法，故文章的最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)是：動物照顧幼崽的奇妙的方式。故選C。閱讀理解之說明文第2篇（2021·四川資陽·中考真題）TheGuiyangMedicinalBotanicalGarden（中藥植物園）starteditsyearlycherry（櫻桃）flowerfestivalonMarch23.Peoplefromhomeandabroadare