2022中考閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題練 專題01 碳中和 碳達(dá)峰（解析版）

PAGE8PAGE72022中考閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題練專題01碳中和碳達(dá)峰Passage1（2021·浙江臺(tái)州·中考真題）TheYouthClimateSummit(氣候峰會(huì))aweek-longfestivalofclimateactionforprimaryandmiddleschoolsintheUK,startson9November.Itaimstocreateafairer,moreenvironmentalworldandmakepromisesthatwillhelptheplanet.Climatechangeisthelong-termchangesintheworld’sweatherpatternsthataremostlycausedbyhumanactivity.“Unlikeworldleaders,”saythesummit’sorganizers,“youngpeoplearerefusingtoletitdropofftheplan.”Eachdayhasatopic,whichincludesfoodandfashion,lookingathowhumansharmtheenvironmentandhowtosavetheplanet.Organizationsareleadingsomeonlineactivities.Forexample,theMarineConservationSocietyishostingmeetingsonprotectingseafish.Separately,theenvironmentalorganizationGreenpeaceisrunningaworkshoponhowtoturnworn-outclothingintosomethingnewandwearable.Thesummitwillfinishon13November,whenyouthambassadors(大使)wantsschoolstostoppaperwaste.Max,another16-year-oldambassadorwantsschoolstoorganizemoretripsandactivitiesthatgetstudentsoutsidetoexperiencethebeautyofnature.Aspartofthesummit,hundredsofschoolsacrossthecountryaresigninguptotheLet’sGoZeroactivity,aimingtobecomecarbon-zero(零碳的)by2030.Carbon-zeroschoolsareonesthatpromisetostopemittingcarboninsevenareas,includingwheretheygettheirfoodandhowtheyusewaterandrecycletheirwaste.TheactivityisrunbyAshden,acharityworkingtowardsclimatesolutions.Ashdenhopesthatschoolswillbeabletohelpeachotherbysharingideasandmethods.ItisalsocallingontheGovernmenttobackthepromise.Headovertowhereyoucanfindoutmore.1．ThewriterdevelopsthefirstsentenceinParagraph2mainlyby________.A．tellingstories B．comparingfacts C．givingexamples D．listingnumbers2．Maxadvisesschoolsto________.A．recycleandreuseoldclothesB．preventstudentsfromwastingpaperC．havemeetingsonsavingendangeredseafishD．providemorechancesforstudentstoenjoythenature3．Theunderlinedword"emitting"inParagraph4istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.A．usingup B．takingin C．sendingout D．cuttingdown4．Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto________.A．explaintheproblemswithclimatechangeB．developchildren’sabilitytosolvesocialproblemsC．introducetheenvironmentalorganizationstoschoolsD．encourageyoungpeopletocaremoreaboutclimatechange1．C2．D3．C4．D【分析】文章主要講了氣候變化問(wèn)題及各組織所舉辦的相關(guān)活動(dòng)和發(fā)出的建議，以此來(lái)呼吁更多的年輕人關(guān)注氣候變化問(wèn)題。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forexample,theMarineConservationSocietyishostingmeetingsonprotectingseafish.Separately,theenvironmentalorganizationGreenpeaceisrunningaworkshoponhowtoturnworn-outclothingintosomethingnewandwearable.”列舉了MarineConservationSociety和Greenpeace兩個(gè)組織的具體行動(dòng)，表明作者是通過(guò)列舉具體示例來(lái)說(shuō)明第一句的。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Max,another16-year-oldambassadorwantsschoolstoorganizemoretripsandactivitiesthatgetstudentsoutsidetoexperiencethebeautyofnature.”可知Max建議學(xué)校多組織一些戶外的短途旅行和活動(dòng)等，以此來(lái)幫助學(xué)生體驗(yàn)大自然的美，故選D。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Carbon-zeroschools”以及全文都提及氣候變化，可推測(cè)出"零碳學(xué)校"倡導(dǎo)的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting與“sendingout”意思相近。故選C。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文中的第一段提及的氣候變化和環(huán)境問(wèn)題以及后文介紹了不同組織所舉辦的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)和所發(fā)出的各項(xiàng)倡議，可知作者的意圖是通過(guò)文章來(lái)呼吁更多的年輕人關(guān)注氣候變化的問(wèn)題。故選D。Passage2（2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中學(xué)三模）Ifyouwantyourchildrentogrowuptobefriendlytotheenvironment,youhavetostartteachingthemwhiletheyareyoung.TheInternetcanbeagreattoolforteachingyourkidsmoreabouttheenvironmentandrecycling.Whatarethebestrecyclingwebsitesforkids?Heretheyare.Website1:www.Thissitehasmanygreatgamesforkidsontheweboflife,factsondifferentanimals,andtheyprovideexcellentinformationonwhatkidscandotohelpprotecttheirownenvironment.TheyevenhavetheirownWildlifeAdoptionCenteronthesite.Website2:www.Thissiteistoprovideinformationtokidsontheenvironmentandtoencouragethemtoworkonimprovingtheworldaroundthem.Itprovidesinformationonhowtheycanworkintheirowncommunityandhowtheycanworkonrecycling.Website3:www.epa.gov/students/ThisistheofficialsiteoftheEPАintheUnitedStates.Theyincludemanygreatstories,games,andpictures.Therearemanyfunnycartoonsthatincludefactsabouttheenvironmentthatkidscanenjoy.Italsoincludesexcellentwaysthatkidscanimprovetheenvironmentandkeepnaturealiveaswell.Website4:www.TheChildrenoftheEarthwebsitehelpstoprovideinformationforkidsthatwillallowthemtounderstandandrespecttheworldaroundthem.Lessonsaretaughtonplants,soil,energy,animals,andmore.Ithelpsthemtolearnabouthowtheiractionscaneitherhavebadorgoodeffects(影響)ontheenvironment.5．Whodoesthewritermostlikelywritehispassagefor?A．parents B．workers C．kids D．officers6．Whatdothesewebsiteshaveincommon?A．Theyareallofficialsitesofgovernments. B．Kidscanplaydifferentgamesonthesewebsites.C．Manyinterestinggamesarereadyforkids, D．Theyallprovideinformationabouttheenvironment.7．Whichwebsiteprovidescartoonsabouttheenvironment?A．www..B．www.. C．www.epa.gov/students/. D．www.childrenoftheearthorg.5．A6．D7．C【分析】文章介紹了幾個(gè)最好的兒童回收網(wǎng)站，供孩子們學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)環(huán)境保護(hù)和回收的知識(shí)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ifyouwantyourchildrentogrowuptobefriendlytotheenvironment,youhavetostartteachingthemwhiletheyareyoung.TheInternetcanbeagreattoolforteachingyourkidsmoreabouttheenvironmentandrecycling.”可知，文章是寫給父母的，故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“...whatkidscandotohelpprotecttheirownenvironment”以及“...provideinformationtokidsontheenvironment”以及“...includefactsabouttheenvironment...”以及“...howtheiractionscaneitherhavebadorgoodeffects(影響)ontheenvironment.”可知，這些網(wǎng)站都是與環(huán)境有關(guān)的，故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Website3:www.epa.gov/students/...Therearemanyfunnycartoonsthatincludefactsabouttheenvironmentthatkidscanenjoy.”可知，www.epa.gov/students/這個(gè)網(wǎng)站提供有關(guān)環(huán)境的動(dòng)畫片，故選C。Passage3（2021·河南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatdopeopledowiththeirold,outofdatebutstillusefulcomputers?Mostpeopledon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputaway.Manymorearesimplythrownawayasrubbish.Finally,somecompaniesarethinkingofwaystobringdownthenumberofoldcomputers.SonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldSonyproducts(產(chǎn)品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputersoftheirownbrands.Insomecountries,lawshavebeenpassed,too.Computercompanieshavetopayforcollectingandrecyclingtheirusedproducts.And70%ofthecomputerwastemustberecycled.Theideabehindthelawsisthatcomputercompaniesthemselvesshouldpayforthecost.Thatwillencouragethemtomakecomputerswhichareeasierandcheapertorepairandupgrade(升級(jí)).Yetmanypeoplearethrowingawaygoodcomputers,whileotherscannotaffordthematall.Hundredsoforganizationsareworkingonthisproblem.Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Theserepairedcomputersthengotoschools,charities(慈善團(tuán)體)orpeoplewhoneedthem.Givingausedcomputertooneoftheseorganizationscanturnoneperson’srubbishintosomeoneelse’susefulthingsandcutdownwaste,too.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇正確答案。8．Whatdomanypeopledowitholdcomputers?A．Theyrepairthem. B．Theysellthem.C．Theysendthemtoothers. D．Theystopusingthem.9．Howmanycomputercompaniesarementionedinthesecondparagraph？A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.10．Accordingtothelawsinsomecountries,computercompaniesmust________.A．recyclemostoftheirproducts B．collectalltheirusedproductsC．repairandupgradeoldcomputers D．makemorecheapercomputers11．Whatdotheorganizationsdotosolvetheproblemofoldcomputers?A．Helpthecomputercompaniestocollectthem.B．Repairandsendthemtothosewhoneedthem.C．Helppeopletolearntousethem.D．Turnrubbishintousefulthings.12．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Repairingoldcomputers. B．Encouragingtomakecheapcomputers.C．Recyclingoldcomputers. D．Helpingthosewhoneedcomputers.8．D9．C10．A11．B12．C【分析】文章介紹了現(xiàn)在很多電腦公司都在進(jìn)行舊電腦回收，也建議人們把不用的電腦送給一些有需要的人，以減少浪費(fèi)。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Mostpeopledon’tknowhowtodealwiththem.Manyoldcomputersareputaway.Manymorearesimplythrownawayasrubbish.”可知，大多數(shù)人都不知道如何應(yīng)對(duì)。許多舊電腦被收起來(lái)了。更多的只是作為垃圾扔掉。故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SonyhasagreedtohelprecycleoldSonyproducts(產(chǎn)品).Dell,HewlettPackardandothercompaniesnowalsotakebacksomeoldcomputersoftheirownbrands.”可知，文中提到了Sony,Dell和HewlettPackard三家電腦公司，故選C。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Computercompanieshavetopayforcollectingandrecyclingtheirusedproducts.And70%ofthecomputerwastemustberecycled.”可知，電腦公司必須回收他們的舊產(chǎn)品。故選A。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theycollectandrepairoldcomputers.Somealsoteachothershowtorepaircomputers.Theserepairedcomputersthengotoschools,charities(慈善團(tuán)體)orpeoplewhoneedthem.”可知，他們收集和修理舊電腦。有些人還教別人如何修理電腦。這些修理過(guò)的電腦然后送到學(xué)校、慈善機(jī)構(gòu)或需要它們的人那里。故選B。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)整個(gè)文章的理解可知，本文主要講述電腦廠家回收它們產(chǎn)品的事，故選C。Passage4（2021·湖南·茶陵縣教育教學(xué)研究室一模）Recently,theterm“carbonneutral（碳中和）”hasbeenusedfrequentlyatsomeimportantmeetingsinmanycountries.Manycountrieshaveputforwardthegoalofstriving（奮斗目標(biāo)）tobecarbonneutral.Chinaisexpectedtobecarbonneutralby2060.So,asmiddleschoolstudents,whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironmentandlivealowcarbonlife?Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.Travelinagreenway.NowmoreChinesepeoplehavecarsoftheirown.Ithasbroughtusalotofbenefitsbuthascreatedsomeseriousproblemsaswell.Sowe’dbetterdomorewalking,cyclingandlessdriving.Bydoingso,wecansaveenergyandreducepollution.Cutdownwhitepollution.Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.Whenyougotothesupermarket,bringyourownshoppingbags.Savewater.Lack(缺乏)ofwaterresourceswillaffecttheecologicalenvironment(生態(tài)環(huán)境).Sopleaseturnoffthetapafterusingit.Sore(分類)therubbish.Doinggarbageclassification(垃圾分類)inarightwaycanturnwasteintowealth.Plantmoretrees.Plantingmoretreesmeanscuttingdownandreducingthecarbonfootprint(碳足跡)andspreadofgreenhousegases(氣體).Usebothsidesofthepaper.Thepaperproductionprocessusesalotoftrees.Nowisthetimethatweshouldtakeupourresponsibilitytoprotectourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.Let’sjoinourhandsandtakeactionimmediately.13．Whichwayisbadfortheenvironment?A．Walking. B．Ridingabike. C．Driving.14．Whitepollutionmeans________A．waterpollution. B．plasticpollution. C．a(chǎn)irpollution.15．Whenwegoshopping,we’dbetteruse________A．plasticbags. B．shoppingcards. C．shoppingbags.16．Howmanysuggestionsdoesthewritergiveinthepassagetobecarbonneutral?A．5. B．6. C．7.17．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Livealowcarbonlife. B．Soretherubbish. C．Travelinagreenway.13．C14．B15．C16．B17．A【分析】文章介紹了保護(hù)環(huán)境和過(guò)低碳生活的一些建議。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Travelinagreenway...wecansaveenergyandreducepollution.”可知，駕車對(duì)環(huán)境沒(méi)有好處，故選C。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Cutdownwhitepollution.Weshouldreducetheuseofplasticbags.”可知，白色污染就是塑料污染，故選B。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whenyougotothesupermarket,bringyourownshoppingbags.”可知，當(dāng)我們購(gòu)物的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該帶自己的購(gòu)物袋，故選C。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Travelinagreenway.”以及“Cutdownwhitepollution.”以及“Savewater.”以及“Sore(分類)therubbish.”以及“Plantmoretrees.”以及“Usebothsidesofthepaper.”可知，文中一共提到了6條建議，故選B。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“So,asmiddleschoolstudents,whatcanwedotoprotecttheenvironmentandlivealowcarbonlife?Herearesomesuggestionsforyou.”以及整個(gè)文章的理解可知，主要是介紹了保護(hù)環(huán)境和過(guò)低碳生活的一些建議，故選A。Passage5（2021·重慶巴南·一模）①Inmanycountries,peopleareencouragedtobuyelectriccars.Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfortheenvironment.Butisthattrue?②TheUniversityofMinnesotarecentlystudiedemissions(排放物)fromdifferentcars.Thescientistsfoundthatsometimes,electriccarsaremoreharmfulthanpetrol(汽油)cars.③Surprising?Well,pleasepayattentiontotheword“sometimes”.Electriccarsaresupposedtobeclean.Theproblemliesinthepowerthatisusedtocharge(給……充電)them.Ifthepowercomesfromwindorsolarenergy,electriccarswillcauselittlepollution.However,ifthepowerisproducedfromcoal,theywillbeveryharmful.Accordingtothestudy,emissionsfromthesecarskillabout3,000peopleayear.Bycomparison(比較),pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsonlyleadsto880deathsayear.④Infact,salespeoplearenotlyingwhentheysayelectriccarsareclean.However,theyarerightonlywhenthepowerusedtochargetheircarsisalsoclean.⑤So________.InFrance,morethanhalfofthepowercomesfromnuclearstations.Electriccarsthereshouldbeascleanastheyaremarketed(推銷)tobe.Inmanydevelopingcountries,however,electricitystillmainlycomesfromcoal.India,forexample,dependsoncoalfor61percentofitspower.Onlytwopercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy.IncountrieslikeIndia,electriccarsarenotcleanatall!18．Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfor________.A．thehealth B．thepower C．thecountry D．theenvironment19．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________.A．electriccarsarealwaysmoreharmfulthanpetrolcarsB．pollutioncausedbypetrolcarsleadsto3,000deathsayearC．emissionsfromelectriccarspoweredbywindorsolarenergyarelessharmfulD．inIndia,onlytwentypercentofitselectricitycomesfromnuclearenergy20．Whichofthefollowingcanbethemissingpart“________”inParagraph5?A．howcleanelectriccarsaredependsonwheretheyaredrivenB．emissionsfromdifferentcarsdodifferentharmtotheenvironmentC．electriccarsinIndiaaremuchcleanerthanthoseinFranceD．electriccarsareascleanastheyaremarketedtobe21．Thebeststructureofthepassageis________.(①=Paragraph1②=Paragraph2③=Paragraph3④=Paragraph4⑤=Paragraph5)A．①;②③④;⑤ B．①;②③;④⑤ C．①②;③④;⑤ D．①②;③;④⑤18．D19．C20．A21．B【分析】文章介紹了電動(dòng)汽車的能量來(lái)源以及它們所對(duì)應(yīng)的清潔度，并且解釋了不同因素影響下對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itissaidthatdrivinganelectriccarisgoodfortheenvironment.”可知，據(jù)說(shuō)開電動(dòng)汽車對(duì)環(huán)境有好處。故選D。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifthepowercomesfromwindorsolarenergy,electriccarswillcauselittlepollution.”可知，如果電力來(lái)自風(fēng)能或太陽(yáng)能，電動(dòng)汽車將造成很少的污染。故選C。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“InFrance...Inmanydevelopingcountries,however,electricitystillmainlycomesfromcoal.India...”可知，這里說(shuō)的是由于不同地方的能量來(lái)源不同，所以電動(dòng)汽車在不同的地方行駛，它們的清潔程度不同，故選A。21．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。根據(jù)文章的理解可知，第一段主要提出開電動(dòng)車對(duì)環(huán)境有好處的觀點(diǎn)；第二、三段介紹科學(xué)研究證明電動(dòng)汽車有時(shí)比汽油車更有害，并加以說(shuō)明原因；第四、五段介紹電動(dòng)汽車的清潔程度取決于它們?cè)谀睦镄旭?，B選項(xiàng)符合結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，故選B。Passage6（2021·江蘇姜堰·二模）Thousandsofyearsago,peopledidn’tknowthattheEarthmoved.Theythoughtthesunreallydidmoveacrossthesky.TheGreekgodHelioswassaidtodrivethesunaroundtheskywithhischariot（戰(zhàn)車）.Butnow,theseideashaveallchanged.Nowadays,itisthesunthatdrivesour“chariot”aroundthesky.Sowhatdoesallthismean?Well,quitesimply,thereisnowaplane（or“chariot”）thatispoweredbythesun.Ithasspecialpartsinitswings.Thesepartsabsorbpowerfromthesun.Theyabsorbsomuchpowerthattheycancarryonflyingatnight.IntheGreekmyths（希臘神話）,Helioshadtotakeabreakatnight.Itseemswe’refinallyevenmoreefficientthanthegodsthemselves.ThisplaneiscalledSolarImpulse（“太陽(yáng)驅(qū)動(dòng)”號(hào)）.ItwillflyacrosstheUSinMay.Thisisveryimportantforthefutureoftheworld.Sowhyissolarenergysogoodforus?Well,otherkindsofenergycauseafewproblems.IfyouliveinChina,you’veprobablynoticedthepollution.Thisiscausedbyburningcoalorgastomakeenergy.Theheatandchemicals（化學(xué)制品）fromthismakethingswork.Butifweusetheheatfromthesun,wedon’thavetoburnanything,andthere’snopollution.Solarenergyisnotallthereyet.Itneedstobeimproved.Butthebestthingaboutitisthat,unlikecoalandgas,