江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市2024屆高三下學期第二次模擬考試英語試題

江西省萍鄉(xiāng)市2024屆高三下學期第二次模擬考試英語試題姓名：__________班級：__________考號：__________題號一二三四五六總分評分一、閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Intheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.Apple:hardcore,doesn'tbrulseeasllyAppletypesaredirectanddon'tsufferfools.Theyarefast,logicalthinkerswholovetowinandhatetolosecontrol.They'llgetaresultatanycost,butseeconflictassport.Managingapples:·Haveyourfacts(orsuffertheconsequences)·Alwaysstanduptothem.·Gettothepoint.·Befastandlogical.·Watchandlearn-theymakegreatmentors.Lemon:intenseandconcentratedLemonslovestructure,detail,orderandrules.Theyareworrierswholikesafety,securityandpredictability.Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.Buttoomanyrulescanbefrustratingtoothers.Managinglemons:·Respecttheirneedforspaceandtime;givethemplentyofnotice.·Slowyourpaceifyou'refast,quietendownifyou'reloud.·Don'tsurprisethem.·Don'tthreatentheirsecurity.·Knowyoucannevergivetoomuchdetail.Banana:sweetandsoftBananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.Theyhaveloadsofempathy.Theyareexcellentincustomerserviceroles,yettheycanirritatepeoplebybeingtoonice.Whenthey'retooaccommodating,theycanbeseenasindecisive.Managingbananas:·Don'tpressurethem,butmotivate.·Encouragetheiropinions,andlisten.·Don'toverloadthemwithyourproblems.·Provideregularfeedbackopportunities.·Benice-that'salltheywant.1．Whichwayispropertodealwiththelemonpersonality?A．Talkingloudly. B．Makingsomerules.C．Thinkinglogically. D．Givingmoredetails.2．Whatdoesthebananapersonalitythinkofconflict?A．Appealing. B．Unwelcome. C．Useful. D．Harmful.3．Whoisthetextmainlyintendedfor?A．Housewives. B．Students. C．Employees. D．Customers.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Itwasasunnywinterday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethelittledooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Hewasapale,thinmanwithdarkglasses.Hekeptclosetotheinnerwallofthecourtyard.Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid"TotheTower…"Ifeltobligedtofollow.Ididn'tfollowclosely.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwassurprisedtoseetheattendantsellinghimaticketasthoughhewereanyothervisitor.Withtheticketinonehandandtouchingthewallwiththeother,hereachedthestaircaseleadingtothehallway."Thatmanisblind,"Isaidtotheattendant,butheshowednoconcern."He'sblind,"Irepeated.Hedidn'tanswer,lookingatmevacantly."Perhanshewantstojump,"Isaid.Buthischairwastoocomfortable.Hedidn'tstir.Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase."Theticket,"theattendantsaid,risingfromhischair.Itseemedtheonlythingthatcouldmovehim.Afterpurchasingmyticket,Ihurriedupthestaircase.Themanhadn'tgoneasfarasIimagined.Aftertenminutes,Iapproachedhim."Excuseme,"IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,"butIamverycurioustoknowwhyyoucameup.""You'dneverguess,"hesaid."Nottheview,Itakeit,orthefreshaironthiswinterday,"Isaid.Hesmiled."Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoostaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere."Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade."Light,shade,light,shade,"hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.Wewentdownthetowertogether.Ilefthim,gladdenedasonecanonlybebythesunlight.4．Whydidtheauthorfollowtheblindman?A．Tooffertimelyhelp.B．Tosatisfyhiscuriosity.C．Toteachhimalesson.D．Topreventhimfromclimbingup.5．Whatwastheattendant'sattitudetovisitors?A．Enthusiastic. B．Concerned. C．Indifferent. D．Skeptical.6．Whatencouragedtheblindmantoclimbthetower?A．Thefreshaironthetop.B．Thepleasantchildhoodmemories.C．Thefantasticviewfromthetower.D．Thestrikingcontrastbetweenlightandshade.7．Whatmessagedoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Natureisthebestgiftforhumanity.B．Whenonedoorshuts,anotheropensinlife.C．Everyindividualcanappreciatebeautyinlife.D．Thedisadvantageddeservecarefromthesociety.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Curiosityisthedrivingforcebehindourdevelopmentandevenoursuccess.Butitcanalsobedangerous,leadingtosetbacksorevendownfalls,sowhyarehumanssocurious?Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?Actually,thereisn'tonesetinthestone.Psychologistsagreecuriosityisn'taboutsatisfyinganimmediateneed,likehungerorthirst;rather,it'sintrinsically(內在地)motivated.Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn'tanysingle"curiositygene"thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.Regardlessoftheirgeneticmakeup,infantshavetolearnanincredibleamountofinformationinashorttime,andcuriosityisoneofthetoolshumanshavefoundtoaccomplishthathugetask.Inaclassicstudy,apsychologistshowedthatinfantsbetween2monthsand6monthsoldgrewlessandlessinterestedinacomplexvisualpatternthemoretheylookedatit.Butcuriosityoftencomeswithacost.Insomesituations,therisksarelowandfailureisahealthypartofgrowth.Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere'smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.Astudyof12-to19-month-oldslearninghowtowalkdocumentedthatthesechildrenfelldownalot.Seventeentimesperhour,tobeexact.Butwalkingisfasterthancrawling,sothismotivatesexpertcrawlerstotransitiontowalking.Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph2?A．Curiosityishardtodefine.B．Humansarenotafraidofsetbacks.C．Scientistsarenotcuriousaboutthestone.D．Curiosityisn'tthedrivingforcebehindgrowth.9．Whatdopsychologistsagreeaboutthenatureofcuriosity?A．Setsofbehaviorsguidecuriosity.B．Immediateneedsdrivecuriosity.C．Externalfactorsdeterminecuriosity.D．Genesandenvironmentworktogetheroncuriosity.10．Whatcontributestobabies'growingmilestones?A．Theyprefernovelty.B．Theyfearfailures.C．Theydesiretoachievetasks.D．Theymaketheirowndecisions.11．WhydoestheauthormentiontheInuitpeopleinthelastparagraph?A．Toprovehowcuriosityhelpedthemsurvive.B．Toshowcuriositymaycomewithahighprice.C．TodescribewhyInuitpeopleneededcuriosity.D．ToshowhowInuitpeopleovercamethechallenges.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。Thereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.Thepsychologicaltechniqueofusinganegativeoutlookforpersonalgrowthisknownasdefensivepessimism(DP).Ratherthanforcingoneselftoadoptapositivemindset,DPfocusesonpreparingforworstcases,therebyreducinganxiety.Let'sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.Thispsychologicalmindtrickisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone'spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.Personalrelationshipsmayalsosuffer,astheoptimistsinone'slifegrowwearyoftheglassalwaysbeinghalf-emptyandwill,attimes,taketoironicallysinging"Don'tworry,behappy"aspayback.Thereislikelytobeadaywhentheglass-half-empty/half-fulldebateisreplacedbytherealizationthatoptimismandpessimismdon'topposeeachother,theysupporteachother.andtryingtohaveonewithouttheotherisliketryingtohaveaone-sidedcoin.12．Whatwoulddefensivepessimistsdoinwetweather?A．Picturesunnydays. B．Openanumbrella.C．Feeltherainstorm. D．Runthroughtherain.13．Theexampleof"COVID-19"inparagraph2isusedto____.A．makeacomparison B．proposeanargumentC．introduceatopic D．clarifyaconcept14．Whichofthefollowingmayadefensivepessimistbelieve?A．Whateverwillbe,willbe.B．EverycloudhasasilverliningC．Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket.D．Theglassishalffullnothalfempty.15．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．IndefenseofpessimismB．TheexplorationofpsychologyC．Pessimism:aone-sidedcoinD．Negativity:trickyinpsychology二、第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Yourmanagerstopsyouandsayssheneedstohaveawordaboutyourperformanceintherecentproject.Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou'vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical"feedbacksandwich".16．Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.17．Belowarethreetipstohelpyoumakepositivefeedbackcount.18．Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.Cultivatea"growthmindset".Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.Forexample,19．However,researchsuggeststhatbyfocusingontheprocessofboxthingsaredone,wecanencouragethedevelopmentofnewskillsandthecontinuedenhancementoftalents.Createacultureofofferingpositivefeedback.Makegivingpositivefeedbackpartofyourteamculture.Don'tjustwaitforspecialmomentstogivefeedback.Offerinformalpositivefeedbackwhenmakingsmalltalk.20．Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother'sperformancesontasks.A.youhavearealtalentfororganizingevents.B.Youknowhowthefeedbacksandwichgoes.C.Attempttoinjectsomepositivityintonegativefeedback.D.youreallyputalotofeffortintomakingthiseventasuccess.E.Don'talwaysfollowpositivefeedbackwithnegativefeedback.F.Feedbackdoesn'thavetoonlycomefromthehigherrankseither.G.Itshouldalsobedeliveredsoastoreinforceandencouragegoodperformance.三、英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Amommakesmini-metoysasuniqueasthechildrenwhoembracethem.Asa21．workerusingplaytherapytohelpchildrenthroughtheircancertreatment,Amywishedshecould22．herpatientswithdollsthatboretheirall-too-familiarhairlossandsurgeryscars.23．Amyleftwelfareworkin2011tostartafamily,shestilloftenthoughtofthekids.Shesaid,"Thesekidsneedsomethingthatlooksliketheydo."Thisideahadalways24．inhermind.Thenin2020,amomwhosedaughterlostalegtoamputation(截肢)askedAmy,whowas25．withasewingmachine,ifshecouldmakeamini-medolforthegirl.AfterAmy26．a(chǎn)photooftheleglessdollonFacebook,27．pouredinforlikenesswitheverythingfromalbinism(白化病)tobirthmarks."28．makekidsfeelisolatedandjudged,"shesays,"Withthedoll,achildsees‘IamnottheonlyonewholooksthiswayandI'malso29．enoughtobeadoll.'"Amy30．nearly400customdollsatherdining-roomtable,withdonorsoftencoveringthe100costthroughAmy'snonprofitADollLikeMe.Themomofthree31．makingeachdollherselfwithhelpfromhermotherandafriend.ForKeagan.2,whoserareskinconditionhas32．himinbirthmarks,Amymatchedthedoll's33．exactly."Thatwasthemostamazingthing,"saysKeagan'smom.Afarthersays,"I34．likeababywhenadollcameinthemailformydaughter,whowasbornwithoutherlowerleftarm.Seeingmydaughterwithherdoll,itmakesmethinkaboutherfuture,nother35．."21．A．social B．financial C．cultural D．sport22．A．educate B．a(chǎn)ttend C．protect D．treat23．A．Before B．After C．Once D．Until24．A．shifted B．worked C．stopped D．stuck25．A．handy B．satisfied C．bored D．careful26．A．took B．posted C．removed D．downloaded27．A．complaints B．remarks C．orders D．praises28．A．Failures B．ChangesC．Similarities D．Differences29．A．a(chǎn)ctive B．bold C．beautiful D．plain30．A．crafted B．collected C．purchased D．received31．A．takesup B．insistsonC．thinksabout D．liveson32．A．dressed B．recognized C．covered D．buried33．A．spots B．sizes C．shapes D．colors34．A．slept B．wept C．yawned D．laughed35．A．potentials B．personalitiesC．limitations D．requirements四、第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。InfrontofapackedhallattheKennedyCenterinWashington,DC,onFriday,dancerHaoRuoqi36．(graceful)movedacrossthestageasshewavedherswordagainstheropponent.Hao,playing.37．heroineHuaMulan,wasthestarofNingboPerformingArtsGroup'sChinesedancedramaMulan.Basedonthebelovedfolkloreoffamilydevotion,loyaltyandlove,MulantellsthetaleofayoungwomaninancientChinawhodisguisesherselfasaman38．(take)herfather'splaceinthearmy.Thismoderninterpretationre-imaginestheclassictaleofthe39．(distinguish)femaleChinesewarriorHuaMulanthroughremarkableandcompellingdancenumbersandexquisitemusic,40．(explore)thethemesofself-identityandempowerment.Hao,amemberoftheChinaNationalOperaandDanceDramaTheater,saidtheremightbeathousand41．(version)orMulaninathousandpeople'seyes,buttherearethingscommontotheaudience42．theculturalandgeographicaldifferences."IthinktheloveandpeacebroughtoutfromMulanisunderstandableandacceptablebothinChinaandtheUnitedStates,"shetoldChinaDaily.LisaRichardsToney,presidentandchiefexecutiveofficeroftheAssociationofPerformingArtsProfessionals,said43．impressedherwasthetruewarriorspiritthatMulandisplayed44．herloveforhumanity.ThestoryofHuaMulan45．(inspire)numerousproductionsintheglobeovercenturies,includingDisney's1998animatedfilmand2020live-actionmovie.五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分46．你校最近開展了一次消防演練活動，請你為校英文報寫一份主題為"FocusonFireSafety,CherishLife"的新聞報道，內容包括：1.活動目的；2.活動過程和感受。注意：1.寫作同數(shù)應為80個左右。2.參考詞匯：滅火器fireextinguishers;消防栓firehydrants六、第二節(jié)(滿分25分47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Myparentswerealwaysagainstmeowningmyownpet,afraidofthemessitwouldmakeorthatIwouldquicklyloseinterestintakingcareofit,butwemadeacompromise:Icouldvolunteeratalocalpetshelterontheweekendstotestmysenseofresponsibilityanddedication.ThatwashowIfirstcametovolunteerattheAvondalepetshelterand—moreimportantly—whereImetmyfuturebestfriend,Chocolate.OnehotAugustafternoon,mybossCharlietoldmethattheywerebringinginayoungblackLabradorRetrieverandthatI'dbeitsprimarycaretaker.AnhourafterourconversationandincameChocolate—abeautifuldogwithshiningbrownfurandamazingblueeyes.Atabout3monthsold,Iexpectedhimtobealotmoreenergeticandplayful,butheimmediatelybackedandlaydownatthebackofhispen(圍欄).IaskedCharliewhatwasthematterwithhim.HerepliedthatChocolatehadageneticproblemwhichcausedhimtobebornwithashorttail,leadingpotentialownerstothinktherewassomethingwrongwithhim;sothebreederfeltthattheyhadnochoicebuttogiveupthepuppytotheshelter.Hewasoverlookedandunderappreciated.Ifeltveryangryatthethoughtthatanotherwisehealthydogcouldbethrownawaysoeasily.Atthesametime,Ifeltadeepsympathyforthisdogwhohadbeencheatedoutoftheloveandattentionhedeserved.ItwasatthismomentthatIresolvedtogiveChocolateasmuchloveandattentionasIcouldwhileworkingasavolunteer.AlthoughChocolatewasreluctantandshyatfirst.eventuallythroughenoughtreatsandplayheslowlycamearoundandwarmeduptome.Soonenough,wheneverIcamearoundhispentolethimoutforhisturnofwalksandplay,Chocolatewasalwaysexcitedandjumpingwithjoy.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在相應位置作答。Paragraph1:Astimepassedby,theconnectionbetweenChocolateandIgrewstrongerandstronger.Paragraph2:Oneday,CharliesaidChocolatemustfindahomesoonorhewouldberemoved.

答案解析部分【答案】1．D2．B3．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹與職場中三種不同性格的人打交道的方法。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lemon:intenseandconcentrated部分中"Theylovedetailandareawesomeatspottinggapsinaplan.(他們喜歡細節(jié)，善于發(fā)現(xiàn)計劃中的漏洞)"可知，與檸檬型性格的人相處的恰當方法是給他們提供更多的細節(jié)。故選D。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Banana:sweetandsoft部分中"Bananatypesenjoyharmonyintheworkplaceandshyawayfromconflict.(香蕉型的人喜歡工作場所的和諧，回避沖突)"可知，香蕉型性格的人回避沖突，即他們認為沖突是不受歡迎的。故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Intheworkplace,wehavetodealwithdifferentpeople,andthebestwaytodothatistofindempathytobetterunderstandthem.Herearethreefruitpersonalitiesandhowbesttodealwiththem.(在工作場所，我們必須與不同的人打交道，最好的方法就是找到同理心，更好地理解他們。以下三種性格，以及如何最好地處理它們)"推知，文章是寫給職場人士的，即雇員。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A5．C6．D7．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了一次作者看到一個盲人買票到塔上去參觀，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后來得知原來盲人是來塔上感受光影變化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題兩種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。4．推理判斷題。由文章第一段"Onreachingthedoor,hetoucheditandsharplyturnedinside.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestaircase.Istoodstill,lookingatthelittlesignthatsaid‘TotheTower…'Ifeltobligedtofollow.(一到門口，他就碰了碰門，猛地轉了個身。過了一會兒，他消失在樓梯上。我站著不動，看著寫著"去塔樓……"的小牌子，我覺得有必要跟著走。)"以及后文推測可知，作者跟隨盲人是為了及時為他提供幫助。故選A。5．推理判斷題。由文章第三段"Hedidn'tanswer,lookingatmevacantly.(他沒有回答，茫然地看著我。)"以及第四段"Hestilllookeddownatacrosswordpuzzlehehadbegun.Iturnedtowardthestaircase.(他仍然低頭看他開始玩的填字游戲。我轉向樓梯。)"可知，服務人員對來訪者漠不關心。故選C。6．細節(jié)理解題，由文章倒數(shù)第三段"Hesmiled.‘Comingupthestairs,onecanfeelthechange-thecoolstaircasesuddenlybecomesquitewarm,—andhowupherebehindthewallthereisshade,butassoonasonegoesoppositeanarrowwindowonefindsthesun.InallofSienathereisnoplacesogoodashere.'(他笑了。"走上樓梯，你可以感覺到變化——涼爽的樓梯突然變得相當溫暖，墻后有樹蔭，但只要你走到一扇狹窄的窗戶對面，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)陽光。在整個錫耶納，沒有比這里更好的地方了。")"以及倒數(shù)第二段"Light,shade,light,shade,(光，陰影，光，陰影，)"可知，明暗之間的鮮明對比促使盲人爬上了那座塔。故選D。7．推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段"Hemovedintothesunlight.Thenhesteppedintotheshade.‘Light,shade,light,shade,'hesaid,andseemedaspleasedasachildwho,inagameofhopscotch,jumpsfromsquaretosquare.(他走向陽光。然后他走到陰涼處。"光，陰影，光，陰影"他說，似乎很高興，就像一個孩子在跳房子游戲中從一個廣場跳到另一個廣場一樣。)"以及上下文可知，文章主要講述了一次作者看到一個盲人買票到塔上去參觀，他很好奇于是就跟上去，后來得知原來盲人是來塔上感受光影變化的，盲人也能感受到世界的美好，從而表達每個人都能欣賞生活中的美。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A9．D10．A11．B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了好奇心的難以定義以及好奇心對人類發(fā)展的影響。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和詞句猜測題三種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。詞句猜測題的解題方法包括利用指代關系、定義、定語、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語、構詞法知識、上下文語境、因果關系來推測詞義。8．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段"Doscientistsevenhaveadefinitionforthisinborndrive?(科學家們對這種天生的驅動力有定義嗎)"以及劃線句后文"Curiositycoverssuchlargesetofbebaviorsthatthereprobablyisn'tanysingle"curiositygene"thatmakeshumanswonderaboutandexploretheirenvironment.(好奇心涵蓋了如此廣泛的行為，以至于可能沒有任何單一的"好奇心基因"使人類好奇和探索他們的環(huán)境)"可知，好奇心涵蓋了廣泛的行為，很難定義。故劃線句意思是"好奇心很難定義"。故選A。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Genesandtheenvironmentinteractinmanycomplexwaystoshapeindividualsandguidetheirbehavior,includingtheircuriosity.(基因和環(huán)境以許多復雜的方式相互作用，塑造個體并指導他們的行為，包括他們的好奇心)"可知，關于好奇心的本質，心理學家的共識是基因和環(huán)境共同作用于好奇心。故選D。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Forinstance,manybabiesareperfectlyproficientcrawlers,buttheydecidetotrywalkingbecausethere'smoretoseeanddowhentheystandupright.Butthismilestonecomesatasmallcost.(例如，許多嬰兒是非常熟練的爬行者，但他們決定嘗試走路，因為當他們站直時，有更多的東西可以看和做。但這一里程碑的代價很小)"可知，喜歡新鮮事物促成了嬰兒的成長里程碑。故選A。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Sometimes,however,testingoutanewideacanleadtodisaster.Forinstance,theInuitpeopleoftheArcticregionshavecreatedincrediblemodestodealwiththechallengesoflivinginnorthernrclimates,butwhatweforgetaboutarethetensofthousandsofpeoplethattriedandfailedtomakeitinthosechallenginglandscapes.(然而，有時候，測試一個新想法可能會導致災難。例如，北極地區(qū)的因紐特人創(chuàng)造了令人難以置信的模式來應對生活在北方氣候下的挑戰(zhàn)，但我們忘記了成千上萬的人在那些充滿挑戰(zhàn)的景觀中嘗試并失敗了)"可知，作者在最后一段提到因紐特人是為了表明好奇心可能要付出很高的代價。故選B?！敬鸢浮?2．B13．D14．C15．A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是防御性悲觀主義（DP）以及防御性悲觀主義給人們帶來的影響。

【點評】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及細節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種題型。細節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細節(jié)理解題時，要根據(jù)題干中的關鍵詞，找準相關句、段的內容，再仔細對照，不符合原文意義的選項要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項。做推理判斷題時，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測或妄加猜測，必須忠實于原文，以材料所提供的相關事實和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：審清題目要求；鎖定關鍵信息；挖掘隱含信息；排除干擾選項；把握語境情感；邏輯推理分析。做主旨大意題時，要求考生抓住每段或每個層次的主要含義進行加工、提煉，通過對語篇結構的分析即對文章內部各層次間的邏輯關系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來，找出文章的中心。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Let'sfaceit:Tellingananxiousmindnottoworryisasuselessastryingnottogetwetinarainstormbythinkingsunnythoughts;bettertotakeshelter.(讓我們面對現(xiàn)實吧：告訴一顆焦慮的心不要擔心，就像在暴風雨中試圖用陽光來避免被淋濕一樣沒有用；最好找個地方躲起來)"可知，在潮濕的天氣里，防御性悲觀主義者會打開一把傘。故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Manypeoplehaveusedthistechniqueintheirdailyliveswithoutgivingitaname.COVID-19gaveusallachancetopracticeDPaswelookprecautionstodecreaseourchancesofbecominginfected.(許多人在日常生活中使用這種方法，卻沒有給它起個名字。COVID-19為我們所有人提供了實踐DP的機會，因為我們采取預防措施以減少感染的機會)"可知，第2段中的"COVID-19"示例用于澄清一個概念。故選D。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Appliedtoooften,lifecanbecomeaseriesofsetbacks,onlytakingdiscomfortinthefactthatone'spredictionoftheworstcasecametrue.(如果過于頻繁，生活就會變成一連串的挫折，只會因為自己對最壞情況的預測成真而感到不安)"可推知，防御性悲觀主義者可能相信不要把所有的雞蛋放在一個籃子里。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Thereisabenefitinacknowledgingthefactthatourbrainsarebornwithanegativitypreferencethatservestoprotectusfrompotentialharm.Wewouldnothavelastedverylongasaspeciesifourancestorshadkeptoptimisticinthefaceofachargingtigerratherthanthinkingtheworstandallowingthenaturalresponseoffight-or-flighttokickin.(承認我們的大腦天生具有消極偏好這一事實是有好處的，它可以保護我們免受潛在的傷害。如果我們的祖先在面對猛虎時保持樂觀，而不是往最壞的方面想，讓"戰(zhàn)或逃"的自然反應發(fā)揮作用，那么我們作為一個物種就不會存活太久)"結合文章主要解釋了什么是防御性悲觀主義（DP）以及防御性悲觀主義給人們帶來的影響?？芍?，A選項"為悲觀主義辯護"最符合文章標題。故選A?！敬鸢浮?6．B；17．G；18．E；19．A；20．F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了消極的反饋和積極的反饋之間的關系和影響。

【點評】考查任務型閱讀（七選五）。解題時，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內部的層次。選項與前后句之間的邏輯關系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)?？梢詮囊馑?、關鍵詞、關聯(lián)詞來分析段落之間以及段落內部的邏輯關系。七選五解題的一些實用技巧如下。第一，快速瀏覽全文，把握文章主旨。在開始解題前，快速瀏覽全文，了解文章的大致內容和主題，有助于更好地理解和判斷每個選項的合適性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是對整段的概括或引入，而段尾句則常常是對該段的總結或結論。因此，關注這些句子有助于我們快速了解段落的主旨，從而更好地選擇答案。第三，利用上下文語境和邏輯關系進行推斷。在選擇答案時，要仔細閱讀上下文，尋找與選項相關的線索和信息，如關聯(lián)詞、同義詞、反義詞等。同時，也要根據(jù)邏輯關系進行推斷，如因果、轉折、并列等，從而確定正確答案。第四，排除法也是一種有效的解題方法。當面對多個選項時，可以先排除與文章主旨或上下文不符的選項，然后再根據(jù)剩余選項的內容進行比較和選擇。16．根據(jù)上文"Shebeginsbypraisingyouforthegoodworkyou'vedoneontheproject,andyouwonderifthisisthepraisethatstartsoffthetypical"feedbacksandwich".(她一開始就稱贊你在項目中做得很好，你想知道這是不是典型的"反饋三明治"的開始)"以及后文"Saysomethingnice,saywhatyoureallywanttosay,saysomethingniceagain.(說點好聽的話，說你真正想說的話，再說點好聽的話)"可知，后文具體解釋了"反饋三明治"的過程，可知知道反饋三明治是怎么回事。故B選項"你知道反饋三明治是怎么回事"符合語境，故選B。17．根據(jù)上文"However,whenfeedbackbecomessucharoutine,employeescanstarttoperceivepositivefeedbackassimplyaformofsugarcoatingthenegatives,thusdecreasingitsvalue.Instead,positivefeedbackshouldnotsimplybeseenassomethingtocushionthenegative.(然而，當反饋成為一種慣例時，員工會開始認為積極的反饋只是一種粉飾消極的形式，從而降低了消極反饋的價值。相反，積極的反饋不應該僅僅被看作是緩沖消極的東西)"可知，上文提到積極的反饋不應該僅僅被看作是緩沖消極的東西，本句承接上文說明積極反饋真正的作用。故G選項"它的實施也應該是為了加強和鼓勵良好的表現(xiàn)"符合語境，故選G。18．根據(jù)本段內容"Whenpositiveandnegativefeedbackalwaysappeartogohandinhand,thepositivescanbecomedevaluedandignored.Ensuretherearetimeswhenpositivefeedbackisgivenforitsownsakeandresistthetemptationtoofferconstructivecriticism.(當積極和消極的反饋總是齊頭并進時，積極的東西就會被貶低和忽視。確保有時候給予積極的反饋是為了反饋本身，并抵制提供建設性批評的誘惑)"可知，后文提到了積極和消極的反饋的缺點，建議提出建設性批評，說明不要總是太在乎積極的反饋和消極的反饋。故E選項"不要總是緊跟著積極的反饋和消極的反饋"符合語境，故選E。19．根據(jù)上文"Cultivatea"growthmindset".Manyofustendtofocusourpraiseontheendresultandseeminginborntalents.(培養(yǎng)"成長心態(tài)"。我們中的許多人傾向于把贊美集中在最終結果和似乎天生的才能上)"可知，本句主要是針對上文提到的"把贊美集中在最終結果和似乎天生的才能上"進行舉例說明，A選項中talent對應上文talents。故A選項"你在組織活動方面很有天賦"符合語境，故選A。20．根據(jù)后文"Encouragepeerfeedbackamongteammembersandcolleaguesandactivelyaskthemforpositivecommentsoneachother'sperformancesontasks.(鼓勵團隊成員和同事之間的同伴反饋，并積極要求他們對彼此在任務中的表現(xiàn)給予積極的評價)"可知，同伴也可以給予反饋，說明反饋不一定來自上級。故F選項"反饋也不一定只來自高層"符合語境，故選F?！敬鸢浮?1．A；22．D；23．B；24．D；25．A；26．B；27．C；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．B；32．C；33．A；34．B；35．C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位手巧的母親艾米通過制作和有缺陷兒童一樣的洋娃娃來治療這些病人的故事。

【點評】考查完形填空。首先要通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來判斷所缺失的單詞的含義，最后對選項進行對比分析，選出正確選項。完形填空是英語考試中常見的一種題型，旨在測試學生的語言綜合運用能力。一些實用的解題策略如下。一、通讀全文，把握大意。在開始答題之前，應先通讀全文，了解文章的主題和大致內容。