01 名詞 - 2023年中考英語(yǔ)高考頻易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解題秘笈（原卷版）

01名詞-2023年中考英語(yǔ)高考頻易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)解題秘笈中考高頻、易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)高考頻易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)名詞詞義理解（不）同類(lèi)名詞詞義辨析、抽象名詞詞義辨析、名詞詞義近義名詞詞義辨析名詞的數(shù)單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)、名詞數(shù)量的表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表達(dá)名詞所有格可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的-’s所有格并列名詞的-’s所有格高考頻易錯(cuò)題典例考點(diǎn)一名詞詞義辨析TheNewYorkTimesisapopulardaily.A.DictionaryB.magazineC.newspaperD.guidebook錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選B。daily意為“每日的”，不能準(zhǔn)確理解此詞的意思就易錯(cuò)選答案。正確解答:C句意為:“《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》是一份很流行的日?qǐng)?bào)。"dictionary"詞典;magazine"雜志”;newspaper'報(bào)紙”;guidebook"指南”。能用daily“每日的"修飾的只能是“報(bào)紙”?？键c(diǎn)二可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)1.Isawsomeanddancinginthestreetthedaybeforeyesterday.A.Germen;EnglishmenB.Germans.EnglishmansC.Germans;Englishmen錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選A。誤認(rèn)為German和Engishman的復(fù)教形式變化規(guī)則相同。正確解答:C.German的復(fù)數(shù)為Germans,而Englishman的復(fù)數(shù)為Englishmen.2.Therearefiftyinourschool.Theyareallfriendlytous.A.womanteachersB.womenteacherC.womanteacherD.womenteachers錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選A。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，忽視由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞這一特殊形式。正確解答:D由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)?？键c(diǎn)三不可數(shù)名詞I'msohungry.Pleasegivemetoeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreads錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選C。未掌握不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)。正確解答:Bbread為不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示數(shù)量時(shí),不能用數(shù)詞直接來(lái)修飾，可借助表示數(shù)量單位的短語(yǔ)修飾?？键c(diǎn)四名詞所有格一-Whatisbrother?-Heisapoliceman.A.Jim'sandPaul'sB.JimandPaulC.JimandPaul's錯(cuò)因分析:易錯(cuò)選A.混清表示共有和各自擁有時(shí)的所有格結(jié)構(gòu)。正確解答:C由由問(wèn)句中的brother及答語(yǔ)中的He可知，此處表示Jim和Paul共間的哥哥，因此只在后一個(gè)名詞后加一's。高考頻易錯(cuò)題解題秘笈一、中考?？济~解題必備知識(shí)advantage優(yōu)點(diǎn)benefit好處,益處choice選擇contribution貢獻(xiàn)decision決定difference差別，差異entertainment娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)environment環(huán)境fun樂(lè)趣,快樂(lè)hono(u)r榮幸,榮譽(yù)importance重要(性)instruction指示，命令interview采訪，面試invention發(fā)明memory記憶，回憶mistake錯(cuò)誤pride自豪,驕傲progress進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展purpose目的,意圖relationship關(guān)系suggestion建議tradition傳統(tǒng)二、可數(shù)名詞解題必備知識(shí)可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化變化規(guī)則示例一般情況下,在名詞后直接加-sorange-oranges橘子bag---bags袋，包以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es.box---boxes盒，箱beach-beaches海灘,沙灘wish---wishes希望,愿望bus--buses公共汽車(chē)以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞，先變y為i再加es.story-stories故事，小說(shuō)family-families家庭以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的名詞(多數(shù)情況下)加-es。tomato-tomatoes西紅柿hero--heroes英雄,男主角以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的名詞，一般在詞尾加-s。zoo---zoos動(dòng)物園kangaroo--kangaroos袋鼠.以-f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，大多數(shù)情況下先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v,再加-es。knife-knives刀leaf--leaves葉,葉子可數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)漢語(yǔ)意思footfeet腳toothteeth牙齒goosegeese鵝manmen男人childchildren兒童，小孩oxoxen公牛單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞fish魚(yú)sheep羊deer鹿series系列species種類(lèi)means方式,方法“某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)形式aChinese---twoChinese兩個(gè)中國(guó)人anEnglishman---threeEnglishmen3個(gè)英國(guó)人aGerman---fiveGermans5個(gè)德國(guó)人復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則示例復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，通常只將其中的主體名詞變成復(fù)教;如果沒(méi)有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變成復(fù)數(shù)。looker-on--lookers-on旁觀者grown-upgrown-ups成年人由man成woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，前后兩個(gè)名詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。amanteacher--threementeachers3個(gè)男教師特殊的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則示例有些名詞經(jīng)常或只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，不能被具體的數(shù)詞修飾。若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目，要借助量詞par(對(duì)，雙)，suit(套)等。glasses眼鏡--apairofgasses一副眼鏡集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。其前不能用具體的數(shù)詞修飾,只能加the，表示“全體......”thepolice警察thecattle牛thepeople人們不可數(shù)名詞考點(diǎn)解題必備知識(shí)不可數(shù)名詞前不能加不定冠詞a/an,也無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。1.中考中常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞rice大米news新聞bread面包information信息milk牛奶beef牛肉food食物orange橙汁work工作fun樂(lè)趣advice建議homework家庭作業(yè)trouble麻煩time時(shí)間weather天氣furniture家具2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞在表達(dá)數(shù)量關(guān)系時(shí)，可借助表示數(shù)量單位的短語(yǔ)修飾。abottleoforangejuice1瓶橙汁fivebagsofrice5袋大米四、名詞所有格解題必備知識(shí)名詞所有格表示名詞之間的所有或所屬關(guān)系。規(guī)則示例-’s所有格表示有生命的名詞的所有格-般在其詞尾加-’s,以-s或-es結(jié)尾的名詞只加-’。mycousin'sclothes我表弟的衣服students'books學(xué)生們的書(shū)表示時(shí)間、距離、度量街、價(jià)值、自然現(xiàn)象、國(guó)家、城鎮(zhèn)等無(wú)生命事物的名詞,也可以加-'s或者-’構(gòu)成所有格。today'snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙twohours'ride兩個(gè)小時(shí)的車(chē)程兩人或多人共有某物時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-'s;如果該物為各自所有，則各個(gè)名詞后都要加-'s。LucyandLily'sbedroom露西和莉莉(共同)的房間Lucy'sandLily'sbedrooms露西和莉莉(各自)的房間為了避免重復(fù)，可單獨(dú)使用一's所有格,其作用在句中相當(dāng)于名詞。Whosepenisthis?IsitTony's?這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?它是托尼的嗎?of所有格表示無(wú)生命東西的所有關(guān)系,of所有格由“of+名詞/代詞”構(gòu)成。We'llmetatthegateoftheschool，我們將在學(xué)校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。.雙重所有格雙重所有格的構(gòu)成有兩種形式:一種是“of+-'s所有格”，另一種是“of+名詞性物主代詞"。apictureofLily’s莉莉(擁有)的一張照片afiendofhers她的一個(gè)朋友名詞高考頻易錯(cuò)考點(diǎn)真題專(zhuān)練一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2020·貴州銅仁·中考真題）—Tokeepourcitycleanandbeautiful,the________arealwaysverybusyinthestreet.—Theyshouldberespectedbyallthepeople.A．drivers B．postmen C．firemen D．cleaners2．（2022·山東東營(yíng)·中考真題）TheYellowRiverDeltaNationalNatureReserve(黃河三角洲國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū))isthe________ofmorethansixmillionbirds.A．a(chǎn)rea B．home C．house D．family3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—Itwascarelessofyoutomakesuchamistake.Letthatbea________toyou!—OK.I’llbemorecareful!A．condition B．competition C．lesson D．hobby4．（2022·貴州黔西·中考真題）The________ofthisconcertistoraisemoneyforanewFangcanghospital.A．a(chǎn)ctivity B．purpose C．question D．reason5．（2022·遼寧營(yíng)口·中考真題）—InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.—Oh,that’sinteresting!IwanttoknowmoreChinese________.A．events B．policies C．festivals D．traditions6．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·中考真題）Listeningtomusicandwatchingfilmsarebothrelaxingformsof_______.A．a(chǎn)chievement B．a(chǎn)greementC．development D．entertainment7．（2022·江蘇常州·中考真題）Althoughthematchismovinginanunexpected________,ourteamwillwinfinally,Ibelieve.A．instruction B．introduction C．position D．direction8．（2020·廣東·東莞市南城開(kāi)心實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校一模）Theareplayinggameswiththeirontheplayground.A．child;womanteachers B．child;womenteachersC．children;womenteachers D．children;womanteachers9．（2022·安徽·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Couldyougivemesome________onlearningEnglish?—Ithinkyoushoulddomorereading.A．a(chǎn)dvice B．newsC．messages D．information10．（2022·湖北·陽(yáng)新縣富川中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—ThelandingofChina’srover(登陸車(chē))ZhurongonMarsisalandmarkofChina’sspaceindustry.—Yes.________greatprogressChinahasmadeinitsspaceexploration.A．What B．Whata C．How D．Howa11．（2021·廣西·都安瑤族自治縣教學(xué)研究室三模）I’dliketobuysome________inthesupermarket.A．chickenandpotatoes B．chickensandpotato C．chickenandpotato D．chickensandpotatos12．（2022·廣西·環(huán)江毛南族自治縣教育局三模）—Iheartherearethreeforeignstudentsinyourclass.—Yes.Oneisan________andtheothertwoare________.A．Australian,Germans B．Australians,GermenC．Australians,Germans D．Australian,Germen13．（2021·遼寧·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）________theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare________teachers.A．Anumberof;women B．Anumberof;womanC．Thenumberof;women D．Thenumberof;woman14．（2022·重慶·一模）Thehospitalis_________fromhere.A．fortyminutes’swalk B．fortyminute’swalk C．fortyminuteswalk D．fortyminutes’walk15．（2022·西藏拉薩·一模）—Whoseroomisthis?—It’s________.A．LucyandLily B．Lucy’sandLily’s C．LucyandLily’s D．Lucy’sandLily16．（2022·四川涼山·一模）________motherscan’tcometoschoolonSchoolDaybecausetheyhavetowork.A．BobandAlan’s B．Bob’sandAlan’s C．BobandAlan D．Bob’sandAlan17．（2018·湖北黃石·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）—Mary,thispairofgloves_______foryou.—_________nicesurprise!A．is;Whata B．a(chǎn)re;Whata C．is;How D．a(chǎn)re;How18．（2022·云南·開(kāi)遠(yuǎn)市教育科學(xué)研究所二模）—________isthepopulationofYunanaccordingtotheseventhnationalpopulationcensus(人口普查)?—Thereareover47millionpermanentresidents(常住人口)inYunnan.A．What B．Howmany C．Howmuch D．Howold19．（2019·廣東·一模）Morethan60percentofChineseteenagersdon’tget________sleepadayandhomeworkisthoughttobethekeyreason.A．eight-hours B．eighthour’s C．eighthour D．eighthours’20．（2012·浙江溫州·二模）—Hi,what’swrongwiththegirlfromJapan?

—Oh,shefeelslonely,shehas________friendsinChina.A．few B．a(chǎn)few C．little D．a(chǎn)little二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空1．（2021·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thatcoupleof

French________(music)workattractsusdeeply.2．（2023·西藏·墨竹工卡縣中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thebabyhasonlytwo________(tooth)now.3．（2020·上海浦東新·二模）Theretiredpilotenjoystelling_______abouthiscareertothestudents.(story)4．（2020·湖南常德·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Boys,don'tplaywiththese___________(knife).Theyaredangerous.5．（2021·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）TheseChinese________(invent)namesaredifficulttoremember,buttheircontributionsarereallygreat.三、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空1．（2021·云南曲靖·二模）Myhouseisfarawayformtheairport.Soi