城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語（第三版） 課件 U8 Commuter Rail

UnitEight城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語EnglishforUrbanRailTransitTextA

LearntoSayMetroServiceExpressionsTextBCommuterRail市郊鐵路系統(tǒng)AttheStationⅢ車站用語(三)TicketPurchaseⅦ購票（七）CommuterRailsinChina中國市郊鐵路系統(tǒng)目錄Contents

ReadingMaterial

TrainOperations

Ⅷ列車運(yùn)行（八）Whatiscommuterrail?DoyouknowsomecommuterrailsinChina?CommuterRailTextAIntroductionCharacteristicsOperationFacilitiesNewWordsandExpressionsNewWords:

commuterschedulecongestionspaceskipconvergeoptimizesacrificeamenitiesself-propelledbidirectionalarticulatedbogiecircumstanceassociatedlocomotivereardiesel-electriclongitudinalfacilitate

PhrasesandExpressions:commuterrailsuburbanrailcommutertownonadailybasisdistancechargezonepricingpublicawarenessfossilfuelenvironmentalissuemainlinerailstandardsalowerfrequencyofservicescheduledservicesspecificintervalslower-densityat-gradecrossingcrossinggatetrainschedulepeakhoursoffpeakhoursexpressserviceslongdistanceridersterminalstationonboardtrainscoexistwithsystemconstructioncostsdedicatedtracklocalstandardgaugetracktraintypescommutertrainsuburbantrainmaximumpassengervolumeinmostcasesluggagespacelong-distancetrainssingle-leveldouble-levelmultipleunittypemultipleunitsdrivingmotordieselenginepassengercompartmentdieselmultipleunitspickupthirdrailoverheadlineelectricmultipleunitsequippedwithcontrolcabcommuterserviceturn-aroundtimelocomotivehauledservicespush-pullformationtrainoperatormotivepowertheformerSoviet-bloccountriesdiesel-hydrauliclocomotiveseatplanathree-and-twoseatplanlongitudinalseatsidewayswindow-liningseatingcapacityeasierboardingandalightingbenchseatfoldupstandingroominthecaseofGreaterTokyoAreaImportantWords1.

commuter

n.apassengertrainthatisriddenprimarilybypassengerswhotravelregularlyfromoneplacetoanother市郊列車；通勤列車e.g.She

accidentally

steppedon

his

foot

on

a

crowded

commuter

train.

她在一輛擁擠的通勤火車上不小心踩到他的腳。2.

converge

v.cometogethersoastoformasingleproduct會(huì)聚；使聚集；聚合e.g.These

lines

converge

at

acertain

point.這些線集中于某一點(diǎn)。

Many

will

later

converge

on

thebusiest

railwaystations

in

the

world,

now

ata

standstill.許多人將隨后聚集在世界上最繁忙而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)暫停的地鐵站。3.

amenities

n.thingssuchasshoppingcentresorsportsfacilitiesthatareprovidedforpeople'sconvenience,enjoyment,orcomfort便利設(shè)施e.g.The

new

StationCentre

will

have

shops,

restaurants

and

other

amenities.

新的中央車站將會(huì)有商店、飯店及其他設(shè)施。The

public

areas

offer

asubtle

blend

of

traditional

charm

with

modern

amenities.

這些公共場(chǎng)所表現(xiàn)出對(duì)傳統(tǒng)魅力與現(xiàn)代設(shè)施的巧妙結(jié)合。

ImportantWords4.

self-propelled

adj.(ofavehicle)providedwithitsownsourceoftractivepowerratherthanrequiringanexternalmeansofpropulsion自力推進(jìn)的；自行驅(qū)動(dòng)的e.g.Neverinthehistoryoftheself-propelledvehiclehavewehadsuchproductvariety.

在自行推進(jìn)車輛的歷史上，我們從未有過如此豐富的產(chǎn)品。5.

articulated

adj.madeintwoormoresectionsthatarejoinedtogetherbymetalbars,sothatthevehiclecanturnmoreeasily鉸接式的(車輛)e.g.articulatedvehicle

鉸接式車輛；鉸接列車；鉸接式汽車；掛接車輛6.

bogie

n.undercarriagewithwheelsfittedbelowtheendofarailwayvehicleandpivotedforgoingroundcurves（鐵路車輛的）轉(zhuǎn)向架e.g.Each

driving

shaft

on

the

bogieis

driven

by

a

traction

motor.

轉(zhuǎn)向架上的每個(gè)動(dòng)軸均由一臺(tái)牽引電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。

The

key

of

acceleration

and

addingaxleload

of

freightcar

is

bogie.

鐵路貨車提高速度和增大軸重的關(guān)鍵是轉(zhuǎn)向架。

ImportantWords7.

diesel-electric

adj.電傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃e.g.RegularpassengerserviceistobeginonTuesdayalongashortmountainousrouteinwhatwillbethefirstcommercialservicebyadiesel-electrichybridtrain.定期客運(yùn)服務(wù)是開始沿周二短山區(qū)航線，這將是首次商業(yè)服務(wù)，由柴油-電動(dòng)混合列車。8.

longitudinal

adj.(lineorstructure)goingfromoneendofanobjecttotheotherratherthanacrossingitfromsidetoside縱向的e.g.Thethird

axis

is

thelongitudinal

axis.第三個(gè)軸是縱軸。

The

plant's

stem

ismarked

with

thin

green

longitudinal

stripes.這種植物的莖上長(zhǎng)有綠色細(xì)長(zhǎng)條紋。

TextACommuterRail

IntroductionCharacteristicsOperationFacilities

TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.1Commuterrail,alsocalledsuburbanrail,isapassengerrailtransportservicethatmainlyoperatesbetweenacitycenter,andthemiddletooutersuburbsbeyond15km(10miles)andcommutertownsorotherlocationsthatattractlargenumbersofcommuters—peoplewhotravelonadailybasis.

Analysis:

Inthissentencetherearetwothat.Thefirstthatintroducesanattributiveclausemodifyingpassengerrailtransportservice,whilethesecondonealsointroducesanattributiveclausemodifyinglocations.Andfurthermore,whointroducesanattributiveclausemodifyingpeople.Translation:

通勤鐵路，也被稱為市郊鐵路，是一種鐵路客運(yùn)服務(wù)，主要運(yùn)行在市中心之間、市中心和距離超過15公里(10英里)的郊區(qū)之間，以及通勤城鎮(zhèn)或其他吸引大量通勤者(每天出行上下班的人)的地方。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.6Theirabilitytocoexistwithfreightorintercityservicesinthesameright-of-waycansignificantlyreducesystemconstructioncosts.

Analysis:

Inthissentencetheinfinitivephrasetocoexistwithfreightorintercityservicesinthesameright-of-wayisusedasattributive,modifying

ability.Translation:

市郊列車與貨車或城際列車共用路軌可以顯著降低系統(tǒng)建設(shè)成本。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.6However,theyareoftenbuiltwithdedicatedtrackswithinthatright-of-waytopreventdelays,particularlywhereservicedensitieshaveconvergedintheinnerpartsofthenetwork.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhereintroducesanadverbialofplace.

Translation:

然而，為了防止堵車晚點(diǎn)，特別是當(dāng)服務(wù)密度集中在交通網(wǎng)內(nèi)部時(shí)，通常在該路軌內(nèi)建設(shè)專用軌道，大多數(shù)列車在當(dāng)?shù)氐臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距軌道上運(yùn)行。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.8Commuterrailtrainsarecommonlycomposedofmultipleunits,whichareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhichintroducesnon-restrictiverelativeclause,modifyingmultipleunits.Withdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogieisabsoluteconstruction,servedasaccompanyadverbial.Translation:

市郊列車通常包含有動(dòng)車組，這些車組由自行推進(jìn)的、雙向的、鉸接式客運(yùn)車輛組成，每個(gè)(或每隔一個(gè))轉(zhuǎn)向架上都有驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。TextACommuterRailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.8Multipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends,whichiswhysuchunitsaresofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices,owingtotheassociatedshortturn-aroundtime.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhichintroducesnon-restrictiverelativeclause,modifyingthewholesentenceMultipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends.Andwhyintroducesapredicativeclause.Translation:

動(dòng)車組一般在兩端都配備控制駕駛室，從而縮短了折返時(shí)間，因此動(dòng)車組列車可以頻繁地提供通勤服務(wù)。

ReferenceTranslation參考譯文

課文A市郊鐵路系統(tǒng)通勤鐵路，也被稱為市郊鐵路，是一種鐵路客運(yùn)服務(wù)，主要運(yùn)行在市中心之間、市中心和距離超過15公里(10英里)的郊區(qū)之間，以及通勤城鎮(zhèn)或其他吸引大量通勤者(每天出行上下班的人)的地方。

列車按照時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行，速度從50到200公里/小時(shí)(30到125英里/小時(shí))不等，

可以采用距離收費(fèi)或分區(qū)定價(jià)。

隨著公眾對(duì)交通擁堵、對(duì)化石燃料的依賴、以及其他環(huán)境問題的日益關(guān)注，以及擁有、運(yùn)營和停放汽車的成本不斷上升，通勤鐵路服務(wù)的發(fā)展在今天變得越來越受歡迎。特征

大多數(shù)通勤(或市郊)列車是根據(jù)干線鐵路標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造的，與輕軌或快速交通(地鐵)系統(tǒng)不同的是:

車體更大；

由于距離較遠(yuǎn)，故而提供更多的座位而站立空間較少；

(在大多數(shù)情況下)服務(wù)頻率較低；

有特定的發(fā)車時(shí)間表(列車在指定的時(shí)刻開車，而不是每隔一段時(shí)間開出)；

服務(wù)于低密度的郊區(qū)，通常連接郊區(qū)和市中心；

與城際列車或貨運(yùn)列車共用軌道或路權(quán)；

并非全部立體交叉（包括設(shè)有道口欄木的平交道口）。列車時(shí)刻表

與快速交通(或地鐵)相比，通勤/市郊鐵路的服務(wù)頻率更低，有特定的發(fā)車時(shí)間表而不是每隔一段時(shí)間開出，車站間距離更大。

它們主要服務(wù)于低密度的郊區(qū)(非市內(nèi))，通常與城際列車或貨車共用軌道。一些只在高峰時(shí)間運(yùn)行，在非高峰時(shí)間和周末發(fā)車次數(shù)較少。

平均速度較高，通常是50公里/小時(shí)(30英里/小時(shí))或更高，較高的速度更適用于長(zhǎng)距離，有些快車為了速度更快而越過一些車站不停，并將長(zhǎng)距離乘客和短距離乘客分開。通勤列車一般的行走距離為15至200公里(10到125英里)之間，路途長(zhǎng)的可以到達(dá)兩個(gè)甚至數(shù)個(gè)城市，站間距也有所不同，但通常比城市軌道系統(tǒng)要長(zhǎng)得多。在市內(nèi)，列車要么有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)站，要么穿過市中心很少停車，與城軌系統(tǒng)相比，車站數(shù)量明顯減少。列車上和車站一般都建有廁所。(未完）

ReferenceTranslation參考譯文

課文A市郊鐵路系統(tǒng)（續(xù)前頁）軌道

市郊列車與貨車或城際列車共用路軌可以顯著降低系統(tǒng)建設(shè)成本。然而，為了防止堵車晚點(diǎn)，特別是當(dāng)服務(wù)密度集中在交通網(wǎng)內(nèi)部時(shí)，通常在該路軌內(nèi)建設(shè)專用軌道，大多數(shù)列車在當(dāng)?shù)氐臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距軌道上運(yùn)行。

列車類型

市郊列車盡管很少擁有長(zhǎng)途火車的所有便利設(shè)施，但是多數(shù)情況下，在盡量保留乘坐的舒適度和行李空間的前提下優(yōu)化最大客流量。車廂可能是單層或雙層，目的是為所有人提供座位。與城際列車相比，它們的空間更小，設(shè)施更少，行李區(qū)也更有限。動(dòng)車組類型

市郊列車通常包含有動(dòng)車組，這些車組由自行推進(jìn)的、雙向的、鉸接式客運(yùn)車輛組成，每個(gè)(或每隔一個(gè))轉(zhuǎn)向架上都有驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)厍闆r和傳統(tǒng)，它們可以由位于車廂下方的柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供動(dòng)力(內(nèi)燃動(dòng)車組)，也可以由第三軌或架空線路提供電力(電動(dòng)車組)。動(dòng)車組一般在兩端都配備控制駕駛室，從而縮短了折返時(shí)間，因此動(dòng)車組列車可以頻繁地提供通勤服務(wù)。機(jī)車牽引

有些國家或地區(qū)使用機(jī)車牽引，采用推拉形式，即機(jī)車在車頭或車尾進(jìn)行推拉操作。列車通常在兩端各配備一個(gè)控制室，這樣司機(jī)在任意一端都可以駕駛機(jī)車。牽引動(dòng)力可能是電力或柴油電力，不過有些國家，如德國和一些前蘇聯(lián)國家，也使用液力傳動(dòng)內(nèi)燃機(jī)車。座位規(guī)劃

美國和一些其他國家采用的是3+2的座位規(guī)劃，然而，很少有人坐在這些列車上的中間座位，因?yàn)樗麄兏械綋頂D和不舒服。

在日本，許多市郊鐵路列車采用縱向（靠窗橫向）座位，以增加高峰時(shí)段的載客量。通常不安排在車廂增加座位容量（盡管一些火車上至少應(yīng)有一節(jié)車廂需配備更多的車門以方便上下車，以及放置可折疊的長(zhǎng)座椅，這樣在高峰時(shí)段可折疊起來提供更多的站立空間），即使乘車距離超過50公里以及必須在火車上站一個(gè)多小時(shí)的大東京地區(qū)的通勤者也不例外。

TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises1.Whatisthedefinitionofcommuterrail?

2.Whataboutthefareofcommutertrain?3.Whydocommuterrailservicesbecomepopulartoday?Commuterrail,alsocalledsuburbanrail,isapassengerrailtransportservicethatmainlyoperatesbetweenacitycenter,andthemiddletooutersuburbsbeyond15km(10miles)andcommutertownsorotherlocationsthatattractlargenumbersofcommuters—peoplewhotravelonadailybasis.Distancechargesorzonepricingmaybeused.

Thedevelopmentofcommuterrailserviceshasbecomepopulartoday,withtheincreasedpublicawarenessofcongestion,dependenceonfossilfuels,andotherenvironmentalissues,aswellastherisingcostsofowning,operatingandparkingautomobiles.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises4.Bywhatkindofcharacteristicsdocommutertrainsdifferfromlightrailorrapidtransit?

Mostcommuter(orsuburban)trainsarebuilttomainlinerailstandards,differingfromlightrailorrapidtransit(metrorail)systemsby:First,beinglarger;Second,providingmoreseatingandlessstandingroom,forthelongerdistancesinvolved;Third,having(inmostcases)alowerfrequencyofservice;Fourth,havingscheduledservices(i.e.trainsrunatspecifictimesinsteaedofatspecificintervals);Fifth,servinglower-densitysuburbanareas,typicallyconnectingsuburbstothecitycenter;Sixth,sharingtrackorright-of-waywithintercityorfreighttrains;Seventh,notfullygradeseparated(containingat-gradecrossingswithcrossinggates).

5.Docommuterrailfollowascheduleornot?Yes.6.Docommuterrailservelowerdensitysuburbanareasorinner-city?Commuterrailservelowerdensitysuburbanareas.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises7.Whatistheusualrangeofcommutertrains’distance?

8.Incomparisonwithurbanrailsystem,arethedistancesbetweenstationsofcommuterraillongerorshorter?9.Arethereanytoiletsoncommutertrains?Theusualrangeofcommutertrains'distancevariesbetween15and200

km(10and125miles).Longer.Yes,thereare.10.Whatkindofcharacteristicsdocommutertrainshave?Comparedtointercitytrains,theyhavelessspace,feweramenitiesandlimitedbaggageareas.11.Howmanymultipleunitsdoesthispassagemention?Thispassagementionstwokindsofmultipleunits,thatis,dieselmultipleunitsandelectricmultipleunits.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises12.Whataremultipleunits?13.Whyaremultipleunitssofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices?15.Whatisthemotivepowerforlocomotive-hauledcommutertrains?Multipleunitsareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.Becausemultipleunitsarealmostalwaysequippedwithcontrolcabsatbothends,whichiswhysuchunitsaresofrequentlyusedtoprovidecommuterservices,owingtotheassociatedshortturn-aroundtime.

14.Whatdoes“push-pullformation”mean?“Push-pullformation”meansthetraincanrunwiththelocomotiveatthe"front"or"rear"ofthetrain(pushingorpulling).Themotivepowerforlocomotive-hauledcommutertrainsmaybeeitherelectricorDiesel-electric,althoughsomecountries,suchasGermanyandsomeoftheformerSoviet-bloccountries,alsousediesel-hydrauliclocomotives.16.WhatkindofseatplanisusedintheUSAandsomeothercountries?IntheUSAandsomeothercountries,athree-and-twoseatplanisused.TextACommuterRailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises17.Whydofewpeoplesitinthemiddleseatonthesecommutertrains?

18.InJapan,whatkindofseatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours?Becausetheyfeelcrowdedanduncomfortable.InJapan,longitudinal(sidewayswindow-lining)seatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours.

19.DocommutersintheGreaterTokyoArealiketositinthetrain?No,commutersintheGreaterTokyoAreahavetostandinthetrainformorethananhour.TextACommuterRailII.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Exercises1.Commutertrainsoperatefollowingaschedule,atspeedsvaryingfrom

km/hA.40to120B.50to180C.50to200D.60to220

2.

Mostcommutertrainsrunonthelocalgaugetrack.A.standardB.narrowC.broadD.long

DA3.Comparedtointercitytrains,commutertrainshavespace,amenitiesandlimitedbaggageareas.

A.more,moreB.less,fewerC.more,fewerD.less,more

CA

B

4.GermanyandsomeoftheformerSoviet-bloccountriesuselocomotives.A.electricB.dieselC.diesel-electricD.diesel-hydraulic

5.IntheUSAandsomeothercountries,aseatplanisused.A.three-and-twoB.two-and-twoC.longitudinalD.middle.

TextACommuterRailIII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese..Exercises1.Trainsoperatefollowingaschedule,atspeedsvaryingfrom50to200km/h(30to125mph).2.Comparedtorapidtransit(ormetrorail),commuter/suburbanrailhaslowerfrequency,followingascheduleratherthanfixedintervals,andfewerstationsspacedfurtherapart.市郊列車通常包含有動(dòng)車組，這些車組由自行推進(jìn)的、雙向的、鉸接式客運(yùn)車輛組成，每個(gè)(或每隔一個(gè))轉(zhuǎn)向架上都有驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)。在日本，許多市郊鐵路列車采用縱向（靠窗橫向）座位，以增加高峰時(shí)段的載客量。3.Theusualrangeofcommutertrains'distancevariesbetween15and200

km(10and125miles).列車按照時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行，速度從50到200公里/小時(shí)(30到125英里/小時(shí))不等。

與快速交通(或地鐵)相比，通勤/市郊鐵路的服務(wù)頻率更低，有特定的發(fā)車時(shí)間表而不是每隔一段時(shí)間開出，車站間距離更大。

通勤列車一般的行走距離為15至200公里(10到125英里)之間。

4.

Commuterrailtrainsarecommonlycomposedofmultipleunits,whichareself-propelled,bidirectional,articulatedpassengerrailcarswithdrivingmotorsoneach(oreveryother)bogie.5.InJapan,longitudinal(sidewayswindow-lining)seatingiswidelyusedinmanycommuterrailtrainstoincreasecapacityinrushhours.TextACommuterRailIV.Summarywriting.ExercisesInnotmorethan80wordsgiveanaccountofth