專(zhuān)題15-閱讀理解-八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下期末專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)(外研版)

專(zhuān)題15閱讀理解（含答案解析）第一部分題型解題技巧一、閱讀理解題型介紹閱讀理解主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。閱讀理解短文中考主要文體包括應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文，考點(diǎn)包括細(xì)節(jié)理解、主旨大意、詞義猜測(cè)、推理判斷、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、寫(xiě)作意圖、段落大意、標(biāo)題歸納等。二、閱讀理解題型做題技巧一、分門(mén)別類(lèi)識(shí)別文體。記敘文閱讀主要抓六大要素，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因經(jīng)過(guò)和結(jié)果。除此之外，還要注意人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，再?gòu)闹蟹治鋈宋锏乃枷肫焚|(zhì)、性格特征等。議論文是闡明對(duì)人或事的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)，因此在閱讀時(shí)必須正確把握文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進(jìn)行邏輯推理從而得出結(jié)論。應(yīng)用文能站近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、中清書(shū)、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷等，形式多樣，對(duì)這類(lèi)文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。二、統(tǒng)覽全篇摘錄要點(diǎn)閱讀理解是對(duì)整前文章的目的、意園、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、志度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取義的孔之見(jiàn)，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問(wèn)題是很有必要的，這些問(wèn)題會(huì)給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意要點(diǎn)的摘錄，因?yàn)樾╋@性的答案是可以從要點(diǎn)中直接獲取的，而隱性的答案則是要通過(guò)對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。抽錄要點(diǎn)亦有利于檢查時(shí)節(jié)省時(shí)間。三、開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋推測(cè)詞義初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語(yǔ)言材料。換言之，這就是促使學(xué)生的知識(shí)內(nèi)化的過(guò)程，學(xué)生要通過(guò)知識(shí)內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心理活動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行為，可以借助以下幾種方法完成內(nèi)化過(guò)程:(1)根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)調(diào)義。(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義。前緩un-表反義詞，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。綴-ment表名詞，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)理解短文如根據(jù)化學(xué)知識(shí)，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.還有一種方法是根據(jù)邏輯推理理解短文。逆細(xì)推理實(shí)際上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、條分縷析理解長(zhǎng)旬物型，相生間選理制的對(duì)點(diǎn)之一，長(zhǎng)句中酒常包含并列、復(fù)合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)于這類(lèi)句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)，再找出修飾它的從句短語(yǔ)等經(jīng)過(guò)分析，化整為零，化默為簡(jiǎn)，此句就不難理解了。第二部分閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解01Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealth,likeeatinghealthyfood,exercisingandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.Thegeneralsleepingisthattheyoungeryouare,thelongersleepyouneed.Butsomepeopleneedtosleepmorewhileitisenoughforsomepeopletosleepforafewhours.Theproblemwithsleepisthatmoreandmorepeopleintheworldarenotsleepingenough.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,overhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.Havinglesssleepnotonlymakespeoplefeeltiredbutalsocausesaccidents.IntheUnitedStatesalone,sleepydriverscauseatleast100,000trafficaccidentsayear.Also,sleepproblemscancausemedicalproblemssuchashighbloodpressure(高血壓).Whyaresomanypeoplesleep-deprived?Partofthereasonsmaybecultural.InAmericanculture,peopleputahighervalue(價(jià)值)onworkthanonsleep.Infact,peoplewhosleepalotareusuallyseenas“l(fā)azy”.Also,youcansometimeshearsomepeoplesayproudlythattheydon’thavemuchtimetosleep,andtheyonlysleepfourorfivehoursatnight.Itseemsthatthelessyousleep,themoreworkyou’lldo.Howdoweteachthesepeopletolearnthevalueofsleep?PerhapstheymaylistentotheadviceofDr.JamesMaas,anexpert(專(zhuān)家)insleep.Hesays,“Sleepislikeacreditcard(信用卡).Whenyousleepless,youareonlyborrowingtime.Youalwayshavetopayitback.Themorehoursyoudon’tsleep,themorehoursyoushouldsleepto‘payback’thehoursonyoursleepcreditcard.”Forthosewhovalueworkmorethansleep,theyshouldlistentowhatafamouspersononcesaid,“Don’tthinkyouwillbedoinglessworkbecauseyousleepduringthenight.Thatisafoolishideawhichisheldbypeoplewhohavenoimagination.Youwillbeabletodomore.”1．Thewriterthinkstheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimprovehealthisto________.A．eatmuchhealthyfoodeveryday B．takeexerciseasmuchaspossibleC．getmedicalhelpwhenevernecessary D．sleepeighthoursormoreeverynight2．Theunderlinedword“sleep-deprived”inParagraph2means________.A．sleepingenough B．havinglesssleepC．caringaboutsleephealth D．a(chǎn)voidinggettingill3．AccordingtoDr.JamesMaasinParagraph4,sleepislike________.A．a(chǎn)naccident B．a(chǎn)report C．a(chǎn)creditcard D．a(chǎn)nexpert4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheValueofSleep B．TheExperimentsofSleepC．TheReasonofSleep D．TheCultureofSleep閱讀理解02Somepeoplehavefuncollectingrocks.Collectingrocksiseasy—youjustpickuparock!Buthereareafewideastogetyoustartedonyourrockcollection.WhichrockstocollectYoucancollectrocksaccordingtocolor,shape,qualityoranythingthatyoufindinteresting.Manyrockcollectorstrytocollectalltheconnectedrocksfromtheareawheretheylive.Otherslookforunusualrocksfromplacestheyvisit.WheretofindrocksYourrockcollectioncanstartwithrocksyoufindinyourownbackyardorneighborhood.Lookforrocksinriverbedsorareasoferosion(侵蝕)whereyoucanoftenfindunusualrocks.Interestingrockscanalsobefoundinplaceswherehumanshavecutintotheearth,likeroadcutsandconstructionsites.CleaningandshowingyourrocksAsyoucollectrocks,it’sagoodideatokeeparecordofwhenandwhereyoufoundit.Youcanmakeasignwithapieceoftapeandputittoyourrock.Recordthefactofyourfindinafieldnotebook.Youcanputrocksintoeggboxesorshoeboxes.Ifyouwanttoshowyourrocks,tryanartisticglassbottle.HowtofindmoreinformationManycitieshaverockclubsthatofferusefulclasses.Localrockshowsalsoofferhelpfulinformationaboutrocksandyoucanbuyorsellrocksthere.What’smore,manynaturalhistorymuseumshaveexhibitionswhereyoucanknowmoreaboutrocks.5．Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Totellushowtostartcollectingrocks.B．Tointroduceusaspecialkindofrocks.C．Togiveussomeinformationaboutrocks.D．Toshowuswherewecanbuyorsellrocks.6．Whatdoesthewritersuggestifyouwanttoshowyourrocks?A．Joinarockclub. B．Tryanexpensivevase.C．Takeanewmetalbox. D．Useanartisticglassbottle.7．Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanfindmoreinformationaboutrocks__________.A．intwoways B．inthreeways C．infourways D．infiveways閱讀理解03WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy(天文學(xué)),IoftenwatchednorthernlightsinmyhometowninLapland.Iusedtowonderhowbigtheuniversemightbeandwhatare“behind”thestars.ButasIgrewupandfinallywenttocollege,Ihardlyhadanytimetodevelopmyhobbybecauseoftoomuchhomework.Itwasin2009thatIrediscoveredastronomy.IfoundanastronomymagazineinalibraryandimmediatelyIgotinterestedinastronomyagain.WhenIstartreadingastronomybooksandmagazines,Istartfindingouthowmanyinterestingthingsthereareoutsidetheplanet.IrealizethattheinformationIamreading,hearingandwatchingopensadoortoahugeworldofinterestingthings.However,Idonothavemuchtimeformyhobbies.ManytimesIwouldliketoobserveanobjectinthenightsky,butIamworkingorIhavetolookaftermykids.SoIsharemyhobbieswithmykids.Iencouragethemtoobservethestarstogetherwithme.Ireadkids’astronomybooksforthemandtellthemaboutthemoon,stars,thesunandmanyotherinterestingthings.Weallfinditinterestingatthesametime.IenjoyastronomyasahobbyandIhopeotherparentslikemecanreadbooksandmagazinesaboutit.Justimaginethatyouandyourfamilysittogetherwatchingthestarsandtalkinginthegardenonasummernight!Howcoolitwillbe!根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。8．Thewritergotinterestedinastronomywhen________.A．shegrewup B．shewasachild C．shegotmarried9．Thewriterhadtogiveupherhobbybecause________.A．shewenttocollege B．shedidn’tlikeitanymore C．shehadtoomuchhomeworktodo10．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．thewriterwasmarriedwhenshetookherhobbyforthesecondtimeB．thewriterhaswrittenmanyarticlesaboutastronomysince2009C．thewriterhasalotoftimeforherhobbies11．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A．發(fā)現(xiàn) B．重新發(fā)現(xiàn) C．再次喜歡12．Thewriterwantsto________inthelastparagraph.A．a(chǎn)dvisereaderstowatchtheskyatnightB．showtheimportanceofbooksandmagazinesC．encourage?peopletodevelopahobbyinastronomy閱讀理解04FilmsinUMECinemathisweekName:IPMan4(《葉問(wèn)4》)Director(導(dǎo)演):YeWeixinMainactor:ZhenZidan,WuYueTime:FromMondaytoWednesdayat8:00p.m.Type:ActionTicketprice:￥50Name:FrozenII(《冰雪奇緣2》)Director:ChrisBuck,JenniferLeeMainactor:KristenBell,IdinaMenzel,JoshGadTime:FromFridaytoSundayat7:30p.m.Type:CartoonTicketprice:￥30(HalfonSundayforchildren)Name:TheFoundingofAnArmy(《建軍大業(yè)》)Director:LiuWeiqiangMainactor:LiuYe,ZhuYawenTime:FromWednesdaytoFridayat8:00p.m.Type:HistoryTicketprice:￥40Name:StarsWars:EpisodeIX(《星球大戰(zhàn)：天行者崛起》)Director:J.J.AbramsMainactor:DaisyRidley,KyloRen,PoeDameronTime:FromTuesdaytoThursdayat8:00p.m.Type:SciencefictionTicketprice:￥4513．HowmanyfilmsareputononWednesday?.A．Four B．Three C．Two D．One14．ThedirectorofIPMan4is.A．YeWeixin B．ChrisBuck C．LiuWeiqiang D．J.J.Abrams15．Mrs.GreenwantstowatchFrozenIIwithherten-year-oldsononSunday.Sheshouldpay.A．30yuan B．35yuan C．40yuan D．45yuan16．Whichofthefilmsisabouthistory?.A．IPMan4 B．FrozenII C．TheFoundingofAnArmy D．StarsWars:EpisodeIX17．Threemainactorsarementionedinthefilms.A．IPMan4andTheFoundingofAnArmy B．IPMan4andFrozenIIC．FrozenIIandStarsWars:EpisodeIX D．TheFoundingofAnArmyandStarsWars:EpisodeIX閱讀理解05Peopleallovertheworldenjoysports,becausesportscanhelpthemkeephealthyandlivelong.Somesportsorgamesgobackto(追溯到)thousandsofyears,likerunningorjumping.Chineseboxing,forexample,hasaverylonghistory.Butbasketballandvolleyballareverynew.Peopleareinventingnewsportsorgamesallthetime.Manypeopleliketowatchothersplaysportsorgames.Theydon’tplaythemselves.TheybuyticketsorturnontheirTVstowatchthegames.Oftentheygetveryexcitedandhappywhentheirfavoriteplayerorteamwinsthematch.Peopleplaydifferentsportsindifferentseasons.Swimmingisfuninwarmweather,butskatingisagoodchoiceinwinter.Somesportsaresointerestingthatpeopleeverywhereenjoythem.Forexample,millionsofpeopleinmorethan200countriesplaybasketball.Peoplecanplayitinparks,schools,orfac-tories.WhatfunitistowatchanNBAmatch!根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正確（T）與錯(cuò)誤（F）。18．Sportscanhelppeoplekeephealthy.19．Basketballhasaverylonghistory.20．ManypeoplebuyticketsorturnontheirTVstowatchthegames.21．Peopleplaythesamesportsindifferentseasons.22．Itisverycommontoplaybasketballinlotsofcountries.閱讀理解06Theoldnameforfilmswas"movingpictures".InAmericatheystillcallthem"movies"andtheysay"Shallwegotothemovies?"whenwesay"Shallwegotothecinema?"Aboyoncesaidtohisfriend,"Doyoulikemovingpictures?"Thefriendthoughtthathewasgoingtoinvitehimtogotothecinema,sohesaid,"Yes,please.Ilikemovingpicturesverymuch.""Good,"saidthefirstboy."Myfatherhasapictureshop.Hesellspictures.ThiseveningImustmovefiftyheavyboxesofpicturesfromoneplacetoanother.Youlikemovingpictures,soI'msureyouwillenjoymovingthepictureswithme."23．Inoldtimespeoplecalledfilm"movingpictures".________24．Whentheyasktheirfriendstogotoseeafilmwiththem,theAmericanpeoplewillsay,"Shallwegotothemovies?"________25．Onceaboyaskedhisfriendtomovesomeheavyboxesofpicturesfromoneroomtoanotherforhim.________26．Hisfriendlikedpicturesverymuch.________27．Hisfrienddidn'tunderstandhimwhenheasked,"Doyoulikemovingpictures?"________參考答案閱讀理解011-4．DBCA短文大意本文介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。文章介紹了有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。世界上越來(lái)越多的人睡眠不足。睡眠不足不僅使人感到疲勞，而且還會(huì)造成事故。文化是造成睡眠不足的原因之一。我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？睡眠專(zhuān)家告訴我們：“睡眠就像信用卡。當(dāng)你睡眠不足時(shí)。你只是在借用時(shí)間。你總是要還錢(qián)。你不睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間越多，“償還”你“睡眠信用卡”上的時(shí)間就越多。”解析1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.”可知，但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。故選D。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。句子“AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationoverhalfthepeopleintheworldmaybesleep-deprived.”根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的數(shù)據(jù)，世界上一半以上的人可能睡眠不足。因此sleep-deprived的意思是：睡眠不足。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Sleepislikeacredit(信用卡)card.”可知，睡眠就像信用卡。故選C。4．最佳標(biāo)題。根據(jù)“Therearemanywaystohelpimproveyourhealthlikeeatinghealthyfood.Takingexerciseandgettingmedicalhelp.Buttheeasiestandcheapestwaytoimproveyourhealthisjusttosleepeighthoursormoreeverynight.”可知有很多方法可以幫助改善你的健康，比如吃健康食品。進(jìn)行鍛煉并獲得醫(yī)療幫助。但改善健康的最簡(jiǎn)單和最便宜的方法就是每晚只睡8個(gè)小時(shí)或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。以及倒數(shù)第二段開(kāi)頭第一句話，可知我們?nèi)绾谓踢@些人學(xué)習(xí)睡眠的價(jià)值？可推測(cè)出，本文主要介紹了睡眠的價(jià)值。因此最好的題目是睡眠的價(jià)值，故選A。閱讀理解025-7．ADB短文大意文章為石頭收集愛(ài)好者介紹一些入門(mén)知識(shí)：根據(jù)顏色、形狀、品質(zhì)等收集石頭，在河床、建筑工地等處尋找石頭，及時(shí)為所收集的石頭分門(mén)別類(lèi)，去相關(guān)場(chǎng)所了解更多關(guān)于石頭的信息。解析5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Somepeoplehavefuncollectingrocks.Collectingrocksiseasy—youjustpickuparock!Buthereareafewideastogetyoustartedonyourrockcollection.”及整個(gè)文章的理解可知，文章主要是為石頭收集愛(ài)好者介紹一些入門(mén)知識(shí)，告訴人們應(yīng)該如何收集石頭，故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyouwanttoshowyourrocks,tryanartisticglassbottle.”可知，如果你想展示你的巖石，可以嘗試用有藝術(shù)美感的玻璃瓶。故選D。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Manycitieshaverockclubs…Localrockshowsalsoofferhelpfulinformationaboutrocks…manynaturalhistorymuseumshaveexhibitions…”可知，可以在三個(gè)地方發(fā)現(xiàn)更多關(guān)于石頭的信息，故選B。閱讀理解038-12．BCABC短文大意本文是一篇記敘文，作者從小喜歡天文學(xué)，并講述了自己重拾這一興趣愛(ài)好的故事。解析8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy”可知，作者還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，便對(duì)天文學(xué)產(chǎn)生了興趣。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文“Ihardlyhadanytimetodevelopmyhobbybecauseoftoomuchhomework”可知，因?yàn)橐龅淖鳂I(yè)太多了，作者不得不放棄了自己的愛(ài)好。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“ManytimesIwouldliketoobserveanobjectinthenightsky,butIamworkingorIhavetolookaftermykids”可知，當(dāng)作者重新拾起自己的愛(ài)好時(shí)，她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚生子了。故選A。11．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“WhenIwasakid,Igotinterestedinastronomy”可知，作者很小的時(shí)候便喜歡上了天文學(xué)，但是后來(lái)因?yàn)閷W(xué)業(yè)太忙不得不放棄了，到了2009年，她又重新發(fā)現(xiàn)了天文學(xué)的美妙。故單詞“rediscovered”有“重新發(fā)現(xiàn)”之意。故選B。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“IenjoyastronomyasahobbyandIhopeotherparentslikemecanreadbooksandmagazinesaboutit”可知，作者希望其他家長(zhǎng)也能發(fā)展出像她一樣的關(guān)于天文學(xué)方面的愛(ài)好。故選C。閱讀理解0413-17．BADCC短文大意短文講了四部電影，詳細(xì)地介紹了它們的導(dǎo)演、放映