專題08-讀后續(xù)寫(解析版)

專題08讀后續(xù)寫 難度：★★★★☆建議用時：40分鐘得分：2022年全國高考新高考Ⅰ卷閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute(路線)throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn’twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊惱).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that’sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答.Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.Isaidgentlyandquietly,“Noonecanchangeyourmind,exceptyourself.Ifyoudesiretochallengeyourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers’thoughts.”Hesatstillwithadeepbreath.“Youhaveafullpreparationbeforethisevent,whichisthemostimportantreasonwhyyoushowuphere”,Iaddedwithasinceretone.Hearingmywords,Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressedhehadmadeafirmdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.HiscoachheardwhatDavidsaidandgavemealook—thekindthatwasmoredeterminedthananyoneelse’s.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Itseemedthattherunwaywasextremelylongforyoungchildren,nottomentionachildwithaheartdisease.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses,thoughhewastrippedoverwithintheafewkilometers.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforehepickedhimselfupagainandcontinuedhismission.Classmatesallappearedontheracingtrack,cheeringforhim.“Comeon!Youcanmakeit!Weareproudofyou!”theyshoutedenthusiastically.Toeveryone’sjoy,hereachedthefinallineandrankedthe20th.Itwasnomoreimportantwhetherhewonthefirstplaceornot.Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatcouldmakesomethingunusualhappenfinally.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文以賽跑為線索展開。作者是一名特殊教育教師，在大型越野賽跑那天，發(fā)現(xiàn)患有大腦疾病的大衛(wèi)獨自站在一旁。作者問其原因，他說準備放棄比賽。從教練口中得知，因為擔心同學(xué)們會嘲笑大衛(wèi)，所以教練想讓大衛(wèi)自己去決定是否參加賽跑。作者讓大衛(wèi)追尋自己的內(nèi)心，不理會別人的看法，大衛(wèi)最終參賽，盡管遇到困難，他戰(zhàn)勝了自己，這已經(jīng)無關(guān)名次，而是他的勇敢和堅定讓這一切成為可能?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我們挨著坐著，但大衛(wèi)不愿看我一眼?！焙偷诙问拙鋬?nèi)容”我看著大衛(wèi)和其他選手一起走到起跑線上?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者鼓勵大衛(wèi)繼續(xù)完成比賽，大衛(wèi)經(jīng)過強烈心理斗爭，最終決定參加比賽。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我看著大衛(wèi)和其他選手一起走到起跑線上。”可知，第二段可描寫大衛(wèi)開始參賽，雖然中途遇到困難，仍然堅持到最后，完成比賽。2.續(xù)寫線索：鼓勵大衛(wèi)——心理變化——決定參賽——克服困難——加油助威——完成比賽3.詞匯激活：行動類：①深呼吸：withadeepbreath/breathedeeply②堅持做：insistedondoing/besticktodoing情緒類：①熱情：enthusiastically/withgreatpassion②驕傲：beproudof/takepridein【點睛】[高分句型1].Youhaveafullpreparationbeforethisevent,whichisthemostimportantreasonwhyyoushowuphere.(由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句和why引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)[高分句型2].Hearingmywords,Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressedhehadmadeafirmdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語和省略that的賓語從句)[高分句型3].Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatcouldmakesomethingunusualhappenfinally.(含有Itwas…that結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句型)2022年全國高考新高考IⅠ卷Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroute(路線)throughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn’twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.“Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,”heexplaineduncomfortably.“Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide.”Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊惱).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that’sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答.Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.Isaidgentlyandquietly,“Noonecanchangeyourmind,exceptyourself.Ifyoudesiretochallengeyourself,thereisnothingtodowithothers’thoughts.”Hesatstillwithadeepbreath.“Youhaveafullpreparationbeforethisevent,whichisthemostimportantreasonwhyyoushowuphere”,Iaddedwithasinceretone.Hearingmywords,Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressedhehadmadeafirmdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.HiscoachheardwhatDavidsaidandgavemealook—thekindthatwasmoredeterminedthananyoneelse’s.IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Itseemedthattherunwaywasextremelylongforyoungchildren,nottomentionachildwithaheartdisease.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses,thoughhewastrippedoverwithintheafewkilometers.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforehepickedhimselfupagainandcontinuedhismission.Classmatesallappearedontheracingtrack,cheeringforhim.“Comeon!Youcanmakeit!Weareproudofyou!”theyshoutedenthusiastically.Toeveryone’sjoy,hereachedthefinallineandrankedthe20th.Itwasnomoreimportantwhetherhewonthefirstplaceornot.Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatcouldmakesomethingunusualhappenfinally.【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文以賽跑為線索展開。作者是一名特殊教育教師，在大型越野賽跑那天，發(fā)現(xiàn)患有大腦疾病的大衛(wèi)獨自站在一旁。作者問其原因，他說準備放棄比賽。從教練口中得知，因為擔心同學(xué)們會嘲笑大衛(wèi)，所以教練想讓大衛(wèi)自己去決定是否參加賽跑。作者讓大衛(wèi)追尋自己的內(nèi)心，不理會別人的看法，大衛(wèi)最終參賽，盡管遇到困難，他戰(zhàn)勝了自己，這已經(jīng)無關(guān)名次，而是他的勇敢和堅定讓這一切成為可能?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“我們挨著坐著，但大衛(wèi)不愿看我一眼?！焙偷诙问拙鋬?nèi)容”我看著大衛(wèi)和其他選手一起走到起跑線上?！笨芍?，第一段可描寫作者鼓勵大衛(wèi)繼續(xù)完成比賽，大衛(wèi)經(jīng)過強烈的心理斗爭，最終決定參加比賽。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“我看著大衛(wèi)和其他選手一起走到起跑線上?！笨芍?，第二段可描寫大衛(wèi)開始參賽，雖然中途遇到困難，仍然堅持到最后，完成比賽。2.續(xù)寫線索：鼓勵大衛(wèi)——心理變化——決定參賽——克服困難——加油助威——完成比賽3.詞匯激活：行動類：①深呼吸：withadeepbreath/breathedeeply②堅持做：insistedondoing/besticktodoing情緒類：①熱情：enthusiastically/withgreatpassion②驕傲：beproudof/takepridein【點睛】[高分句型1].Youhaveafullpreparationbeforethisevent,whichisthemostimportantreasonwhyyoushowuphere.(由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句和why引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)[高分句型2].Hearingmywords,Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyesandexpressedhehadmadeafirmdeterminationtofinishthecross-countryrun.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語和省略that的賓語從句)[高分句型3].Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatcouldmakesomethingunusualhappenfinally.(含有Itwas…that結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句型)3．（2023·安徽·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。MyhusbandandIenjoyseeinglifethroughtheeyesofourchildren.It’samazingtowatchastheydiscovertheirworld.Whilewewereoutdoorslastsummerenjoyingthesunshine,ouroldestdaughter,Kaytlin,calledmetothedoorway.Beneaththestepswasababyredsquirrel.Wewatcheditfromadistance,notwantingtodisturbitorscareoffitsmother.Butafteralongwait—andlookingallaroundourhouseforsignsofanestoramother—werealizedthetinysquirrelwaslost.Shakingterribly,hewasweak,thin,andhungry.Wetriedtofindanexperttohelp,buttheInlandFisheriesandWildlifewebsiteshowedthattherewerenowildlifeexpertsinourarea.Aftersomequickresearch,weconcludedthatthebestwaytogivethesquirrelafightingchancewastocareforhimourselves.Soatriptothelocalstoreformilkandsupplieswasinorder.Moreresearchtaughtushowmuchtofeedhim,howtoestimatehisage,howandwhentowean(斷奶)him,andthatweshouldlethimgoassoonashecouldsurviveonhisown.OurdaughtersandItookturnsinfeeding“Squirt.”Kaytlintookonthemostresponsibility.Shetaughthimtoeatfromabottle,andshewokeinthenightforhisfeeds.Toourrelief,Squirtsoonbecamehealthyandstrong.Withinafewweekshebecamemoreactive.Hewouldchatter(吱吱叫)forhisnextmeal,playfullygoaroundthegirls,andliedownonthemforsleep.Itwasn’tlongbeforehewasweanedontosolidfoodandreintroducedtothewild.Hisfirstfewvisitstothegreatoutdoorswerefunny.Justlikeachild,hewouldplayinthegrasssomeandthenrunbacktoKaytlinforsafety.Soonshehadhimclimbingtreesandfindingnestmaterial.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Onedayinthetrees,Squirtmetupwithafamilyofgraysquirrels._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onenight,Squirtdidn’tcomebacktoourhouseanditrainedhard._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onedayinthetrees,Squirtmetupwithafamilyofgraysquirrels.Butthefamilywasnonetoohappyabouthisvisit.Theyscoldedandswattedathim.AtfirstSquirtwassounhappythatheavoidedthem.Andthenhequicklylearnedsomesocialskills.Hewouldtakesomesnackstomeetthem.Forseveraldaysheplayedalldayinthetreessurroundingourhousebutcamedownatbedtime.Onenight,Squirtdidn’tcomebacktoourhouseanditrainedhard.Ourgirlsfretted.TheywantedtoseekSquirt.Wepreventedthembecauseitwastoodangerous.Butwhenthesunrosethenextday,therewasSquirt,beggingforfood.Andthatremainedthepatternforweeks.Theexperiencewasentertainingandheartwarmingforourfamily.Inthewildandsomewhatsillymomentsofraisinganorphanedbabysquirrel,ourchildrenlearnedtovalueandappreciatelife.【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開，講述了作者一家一天看到一只幼小的迷路的松鼠，他們決定收養(yǎng)它，看著這只小松鼠從瘦弱幼小，慢慢變的健康活潑，讓作者一家感覺既有趣又溫暖?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫：①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“一天，在樹林里，Squirt遇到了一個灰色松鼠家庭。”可知，第一段可描寫Squirt遇到這一家灰松鼠的情況，Squirt如何與灰松鼠一家交往。②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“一天晚上，Squirt沒有回到我們家，下起了大雨?！笨芍诙慰擅鑼懽髡咭患业膿?，和最后的結(jié)果，以及作者的感悟。2.續(xù)寫線索：遇到灰松鼠——與灰松鼠一家交往——沒有回家，擔心它——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類①責罵：scold/blame/rebuke②拍打：swat/slap/hit③尋找：seek/find/lookfor/searchfor④阻止：prevent/putastopto/headoff情緒類①高興的：happy/delighted②有趣的：entertaining/delightful/engrossing【點睛】[高分句型1]AtfirstSquirtwassounhappythatheavoidedthem.(so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句)[高分句型2]Butwhenthesunrosethenextday,therewasSquirt,beggingforfood.(when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)4．（2023·吉林·統(tǒng)考二模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iwasneververyneat.LaterinlifeIlearnedtoattribute(把……歸因于)thisshortcomingtomycreativegenius,sayingthatmydisorganizationwassimplythesideofmyuniquegiftsandtalents.Yet,backathighschool,Ihadn’tcomeupwithanyimpressivereasonsformybigmesses.Asfatewouldhaveit,myteacherpairedmewithKimasmyroommate.I’mnotsurewhyhestuckustogether.Idon’tthinkhecouldhavepossiblypickedtwomoredifferentpeopletoroomtogether.Kimwasextremelyorganized.Shelabeledeverythingandeachitemsheownedhaditsplace.Well,Ithinkmybitsandpiecesofpaper,oddsandends(零碎物品)wouldfindtheirwaysintoplacesautomatically.Andapparently,myroommatedidn’tseemtobeonthesamepagewithme.Astimewentby,shegotneater,whileIgotmessier.Shewouldcomplainaboutmydirtyclothes.IwouldcomplainaboutLysol(殺菌消毒劑)headaches.ShewouldpushgentlymyclothingovertoonesideandIwouldlayoneofmybooksonhertidydesk.OneOctoberevening,thingsgotugly.Kimcameintotheroomandlosthertemperrightawayafterseeingoneofmyshoeshadfounditswaybeneathherbed.Shepickeditup,castittowardmysideoftheroomangrilyandmanagedtoknockthelayerofclothesontothefloor(bytheway,Ihadplannedtofoldthemlater).Ijumpedoffthebedandimmediatelystartedyellingaboutherrudeness.Sheyelledback,“Lookatthemessyou’vemade!Couldyouatleastcleanupyourowntable!”Iwassittingonmybed,fuming(發(fā)怒).Shewassittingonhers,fuming.Theroomwasthickwithanger.Itcouldhaveendedawithaviolentfightifithadn’tbeenforthephonecallshereceived.注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。ShepickedthephoneupandIcouldtellitwasbadnewsfromherfamily.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________IfoundmyselflostforwordsandIdecidedtodosomething.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1:ShepickedthephoneupandIcouldtellitwasbadnewsfromherfamily.WhenKimhungup,sheburiedherfaceinherhands,herbodyshakingasshesobbed.Herdadwasbadlyillinhospital.Obviously,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughalone.Iwalkedtowardsherandpattedherontheback.Obviously,mypatwasoflittlecomfort.Instead,shethrewherselfontothebedandcriedintoherpillow,sinkingintoherdeepsorrow.Paragraph2:IfoundmyselflostforwordsandIdecidedtodosomething.Istartedtocollectmyoddsandends,clothesandshoes,sweptthefloorandtidiedthetable.Ievencleanedherside.IwassoabsorbedthatIdidn’tevennoticeKimstopcryingandsitupstaringatmeindisbelief.Isteppedtowardsher,sayingsoftly,“ItwillbeOK.”Kimreachedherhandovertograspmine,murmuring“Thankyou?”.Suddenly,Irealizedthegoldenrulebetweenfriendswasputtingyourselfintoothers’shoes.【導(dǎo)語】本文以人物為線索展開。文章講述了作者不愛整潔，不愛收拾，但她遇到了一個非常愛干凈的高中室友。兩個人不同的生活習性導(dǎo)致了矛盾。就在僵持不下的時候，室友接到了一個電話?！驹斀狻?.段落續(xù)寫①根據(jù)第一段首句“她拿起電話，我知道這是她家里傳來的壞消息?！笨芍酉聛淼亩温淇梢悦鑼戇@通電話的接通，帶給室友Kim痛苦，讓她傷心。②根據(jù)第二段首句“我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無言以對，于是我決定做點什么?！笨芍?，接下來的內(nèi)容可以描寫作者開始整理東西，并且也把室友Kim那邊也收拾了。這使得兩人最終合好。2.續(xù)寫線索接電話——掛斷電話——Kim哭泣——決定做些事——整理——相互理解——感悟3.詞匯激活行為類搖晃：shake/movebackandforth/moveinvoluntarily哭泣：sob/cry/weep步行：walk/step/goonfoot情緒類悲傷：sorrow/sadness/misfortune說不出話，不知所措：lostforwords/ataloss【點睛】【高分句型1】Instead,shethrewherselfontothebedandcriedintoherpillow,sinkingintoherdeepsorrow.（運用了現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）【高分句型2】IwassoabsorbedthatIdidn’tevennoticeKimstopcryingandsitupstaringatmeindisbelief.（運用了so...that...的句型）5．（2023·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iranafterthetrain,shouting,“Heymister,can’tyouseeme?”Itwashopeless,asnoconductorisgoingtoslowdownfora60-year-oldmanwhogottothestationseveralminuteslate.Theyabsolutelydidn’tknowhowimportantthatday,thattrainridewastome!Iwasonmywaytoaninterviewforwhatcouldhavebeentheopportunityofalifetime.Ithrewbothmyhatandmyartcasedownindepression,andsatdownonthenearestchair,wiping(擦掉)thesweatfrommyfaceandbreathingheavily.Iwouldhavetowaitawholedayforthenexttrain,andbythenmyappointmentwiththegalleryownerwouldhavegivenuponme.Perhapsitwasforthebest.Itwas,afterall,thefirsttimein40yearsanyonehadshownsuchaninterestinmyart.Maybeifthegalleryownerhadseenallmypaintings,hewouldhavechangedhismindaboutofferingmespaceonhiswalls.Disappointmentfilledmysoul.ShouldIdialthegalleryandgetaninterviewonadifferentday?ButPierreGianniwastheownerofthemostwell-knowngalleryinNewYorkCity.Whywouldhegiveararesecondchancetoanelderlynobodywhenhehadthenewest,coolestyoungartiststochoosefrom?Cometothinkofit,perhapstheseinsecuritiesweretheveryreasonIhadneverbeenofferedashowbefore.Iwastooafraidtotry.Ifoundcountlessexcusesnottooffermyworkuptobeseenandperhapscriticized.ItoldmyselfitwouldhurttoomuchifIfailed,butthetruthwasthatIhadnevertried.Finally,Igatheredallmycouragetodialthegallery,onlytofindmyantiquecellphonehadbrokendown.ItwasattheverymomentthatIwasintotaldespairanddecidedtogohome.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。SuddenlyIfeltatouchonmyshoulder.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The