Unit 4 單元整體教學設計-閱讀課（第1課時）

Unit4HumourLesson1What'sSoFunny?教學設計教學目標與核心素養(yǎng)：知識目標：Studentscanlearnsomenewwordsandexpressionsandcontinuoustenses.能力目標：Studentscanhaveafurtherunderstandingofthepassage.情感目標：Studentscanthinkindividuallyandlearncooperatively.教學重難點教學重點：Howtolearnthenewwordsandexpressionsandcontinuoustenses.教學難點：Howtomakestudentshaveabetterunderstandingofthepassage.課前準備：多媒體，黑板，粉筆教學過程：一、Pre-reading1.Greeting2.Leading-inACTIVATEANDSHARE教師活動：(1)教師活動，引導學生完成練習。Doyoulikereadinghumorousorfunnystories?Why?ExampleIlikereadinghumorousstoriesbecauseIliketheplayonwords.(2)教師活動：Exploretwomethodsofcreatinghumour.1.Playonwords—pun(雙關語)Anamusinguseofawordorphrasethathastwomeanings,orofwordsthathavethesamesoundbutdifferentmeanings.雙關語指在一定的語言環(huán)境中，利用詞的多義和同音的條件，有意使語句具有雙重意義，言在此而意在彼的修辭方式。雙關可使語言表達得含蓄、幽默，而且能加深語意，給人以深刻印象。雙關可分為諧音雙關和語義雙關兩類。雙關語最能發(fā)揮人的幽默和風趣。法國大文豪雨果也說：“雙關語是飛舞著的靈魂的產(chǎn)物?！?.Sarcasm(諷刺)Sarcasmgenerallytakestheformofanironicremark,somewhatrootedinhumour,thatisintendedtomockorsatirizesomething.Whenaspeakerisbeingsarcastic,heissayingsomethingdifferentthanwhatheactuallymeans.Asaliterarydevice,sarcasmcanconveyawriterand/orcharacter'struefeelingsoffrustration,anger,andevenderision,thoughveiledbythepresenceofhumourandwordingthatisinconsistentwithwhatisintended.However,sincesarcasticstatements,astheyareworded,contradictthespeaker'sintentandtruemeaning,itcanbedifficultforwriterstoeffectivelyutilizethisliterarydevicewithoutpropercontextortone.諷刺是一種文學手法，用于暴露對象的缺點和可笑之處，常采用夸張或反諷等方式，從而產(chǎn)生幽默的效果。有時用譏刺和嘲諷筆法描寫敵對的、落后的事物，有時用夸張的手法加以暴露，以達到貶低的效果。這就是說作者在真實的基礎上，以諷刺和嘲諷的手法，揭露某些現(xiàn)象，批判某種行為，使人在會心的笑聲中予以否定，這種手法就是諷刺。諷刺手法犀利有力，而且使用靈活，或正面進攻，或旁敲側(cè)擊，或諷刺揶揄，或正顏厲色，嬉笑怒罵，皆成文章。歸納起來，諷刺手法大致有以下幾種：①漫畫法漫畫式的諷刺手法其特點是夸張，把人或事的假、丑、惡加以擴大或縮小，使之變相、變形，以突出這一側(cè)面的特征，達到諷刺的目的。馬克·吐溫的《競選州長》采用了這種手法，揭露不同社會的光怪陸離現(xiàn)象，在刻畫人物形象方面起了重要作用。②對比法即把被諷刺的對象，在對待同一人或事的前后不同的言行進行描述，以顯示被諷刺對象的愚蠢可笑。莫泊桑的《我的叔叔于勒》圍繞于勒有無金錢，描寫菲力普夫婦言行、態(tài)度，前后判若兩人的變化，使讀者不難看出夫婦二人的極度虛偽、冷酷無情，進一步揭示了資本主義社會人與人之間赤裸裸的金錢關系。契訶夫的《變色龍》通過描寫警官奧楚蔑洛夫圍繞狗的主人是誰的易變、善變，無情地揭露了沙皇統(tǒng)治下社會的黑暗。③托物法這是一種把諷刺對象比作某物，使諷刺對象具體化、形象化的手法?！痘葑酉嗔骸分械幕葑勇犘艂餮裕詾榍f子來代他為相，非?？謶?。而莊子卻給他講了一個風趣的故事，他在故事中把自己比作鹓鶵（古代傳說中像鳳凰一樣的鳥），惠子比作貓頭鷹，梁國則比作腐鼠。他極力描寫了鹓鶵高尚的志趣，而貓頭鷹得一腐鼠便視為珍貴美味，諷刺之意溢于言表。這種技法在諸子百家著作及《戰(zhàn)國策》中屢有所見。④反說法反說法也就是“說反話”。作為諷刺手段的“反話”，是指用肯定、贊美的語言描述明顯的丑惡、虛假的現(xiàn)象，表達作者的鄙視與挖苦?！短僖跋壬烽_頭一段對“清國留學生”的描寫，表達的正是厭惡之極的情感?！皩嵲跇酥聵O了”其實是指一點也不標致，稱他們標致，是明顯的諷刺。當任何指斥的言辭都不足以把憤怒之情表達的酣暢淋漓時，化為反語的諷刺，較之直言指責更為有力，表達的厭惡之情更為強烈。While-readingREADANDEXPLORE1.學生活動：閱讀文章，回答問題。Workingroupsofthree.Eachstudentreadsoneofthestoriesandanswersthefollowingquestions.Thensharewhatyouhavereadwithyourgroupmembers.1.Whichcharactersareinthestory?(StoryA:afamousartcollectorandanownerofastore.StoryB:SherlockHolmesandDr.Watson.StoryC:Grockandadoctor.)2.Wherearethey?(Thefamousartcollectorwasinastore.SherlockHolmesandDr.Watsonwereonacampingtrip.Grockandthedoctorwereinahospital.)3.Whathappenedto/betweenthem?(StoryA:Thefamousartcollectorwantedtobuythevaluablesaucer.Andtheowneroftheshoponlywantedtosellthecat.StoryB:SherlockHolmeswantedtotellDr.Watsonthattheirtenthadbeenstolen.ButDr.Watsondescribedmoreabouttheuniverse.StoryC:Grockwantedthedoctortoexaminehimandgivehimsomecomfort,butthedoctoradvisedhimtowatchtheperformanceofthecircus.Asamatteroffact,Grockwastheclown.)4.Whyisitfunny?(StoryA:Thecollectorhadplannedtobuythesaucer,butinfactheboughtacat.StoryB:SherlockhadplannedtomakeWatsonknowtheirtenthadbeenstolen,butWatsondidn'tnoticethat.StoryC:Grockwenttoseeadoctortorelievehisstress,butthedoctoradvisedhimtowatchtheperformanceofthecircustomakehimlaugh.Thedoctordidn'tknowitwasGrockwhogavetheperformance.)2.學生活動：閱讀文章，完成表格。GroupWorkReadthethreestories.Completethenotes.Thenshareandcheckyournoteswithyourgroupmembers.StoryACharacterWhatdideachpersondo?RealpurposeTheresultTheartcollectorBuyacatBuythesaucerfunnyThestoreownerSellgoodsSellthecatStoryBCharacterWhatdideachpersondo?RealpurposeTheresultSherlockHolmesAskWatsontolookupattheskyandtellhimwhathesawTellWatsontheirtenthadbeenstolenfunnyDr.WatsonLookupattheskyShowoffwhatheknewabouttheuniverseStoryCCompletethefunnypartofthethreestories.CharacterWhatdideachpersondo?RealpurposeTheresultThemiddle-agedmanSeeadoctorRelievestressandanxietyfunnyThedoctorExaminethemiddle-agedmanAdvisehimtoseetheperformanceofthecircus3.學生活動：續(xù)寫故事。Completethefunnypartofthethreestories.StoryThefunnypartAThestoreownerrefusedtogiveawaythesaucerwiththecatbecause...itwashisluckysaucer.BSherlockHolmesandDr.Watsonsawmillionsofstarsatnightbecause...theirtenthadbeenstolen.ButWatsondidn'tnoticethis.CAnamazingclowncouldn't...makethemanrelaxed,becausetheclownwasjusthimself.三、After-reading1.學生活動：GroupWork.Telloneofthethreestoriestoyourgroupbasedonyournotes.2.學生活動：完成練習。Completethesummarieswiththewordsorphrasesyouhavelearntfromthestories.Anartcollectornoticedacatlappingmilkfroma1___________inthe2___________ofastore.Herealisedthatitwasan3___________andveryvaluable.Hedecidedtobuythecatandofferedtopay200dollarsintheend.Thenheaskedthestoreownerto4___________thesaucer,buttheownerrefusedtogiveitawayforhehadsold68catsbecauseofthisluckysaucer.SherlockHolmesaskedhis5___________friendDr.Watsonwhathesawfromthesky."6___________ofstars,"saidDr.Watson.Basedonhisknowledgeon7___________,hebelievedtherearemillionsofgalaxiesand8___________ofplanets.Hededucedthatitwasprobablyaquarterpastthreebasedonthe9___________oftime.Fromthe10___________,heforecastedthatitwouldbeabeautifuldaythenextday.Watsondidn'trealisethatsomeonehadstolentheirtent!Amiddle-agedmanwhowas11___________wenttothedoctor.Thedoctorexaminedhimandfound12___________OK.Thedoctorthoughtthatwhatthemanneededwas13___________andsuggested14___________.Actuallyhewas15___________.(Answers:1saucer2doorway3antique4throw5faithful6Millions7astronomy8billions9scientificmeasurement10currentatmosphere11feelingverydown12everything13agoodlaugh14seeingacircusperforming15theclown)四、FOCUSONLANGUAGE:CONTINUOUSTENSES1.PairWorkReadthefollowingsentencesfromStoryC.Discusswhichcontinuoustense(presentperfectcontinuous,pastperfectcontinuous,futurecontinuous)isusedineachsentence.1Everythinghadbeengoingwrongforhim.2Well,I'vebeenhavingabitofacrisis.3Thistimenextweek,I'llbearrivinginNewYork.(Answers:1pastperfectcontinuous2presentperfectcontinuous3futurecontinuous)2.Fillinthecolumnswithmoreexamplesofthedifferentcontinuoustensesfromthethreestories.FutureContinuous(willbe+verb-ing)PresentPerfectContinuous(have/hasbeen+verb-ing)PastPerfectContinuous(hadbeen+verb-ing)IwillbeworkingintheUnitedStatesforthreemonths.Well,I'vebeenhavingabitofacrisis,youknow,lotsofproblems.Everythinghadbeengoingwrongforhim.3.Completethesentencesusingpresentperfectcontinuous,pastperfectcontinuousorfuturecontinuouswhereappropriate.1Theeagerfans_____________________(wait)forsixhoursbeforetheyfinallygottheticketsforthefootballmatch.2.I_____________________(lookfor)thatforweeks-wheredidyoufindit?3.MrsWang_____________________(staywithherfriends)whenshegoestoHainan.4.Ashe_____________________(repairhiscar)allafternoon,hewasmessy.5.ThisbookistakingmesolongthatI_____________________(stillread)itbythistimenextyear!6.She_____________________(studyEnglish)sincesheleftschool.(Answers:1hadbeenwaiting2havebeenlookingfor3willbestayingwithherfriends4hadbeenrepairinghiscar5willbestillreading6hasbeenstudyingEnglish)EXPRESSYOURSELF學生活動：PairWorkReadthejokesbelowandtalkaboutthefunnypartofeachjoke.Girl:Whywasthecatsittingonthecomputer?Boy:Hewaskeepinganeyeonthemouse.Teacherofpolitics:WhoisthespeakeroftheHouse?Student:Mother.Student:Professor,IdidthebestIcouldonthistest.Ireallydon'tthinkIdeserveazero.Professor:NeitherdoI.Butthat'sthelowestgradeI'mallowedtogive.Teacher:Whatisthechemicalformulaforwater?Student:HIJKLMNO!Teacher:Whatareyoutalkingabout?Student:Yesterdayyousaidit'sHtoO!(Suggestedanswers:?Thefunnypartistheplayonthemeaningof"mouse";acomputermouseandamouse.?Thefunnypartistheplayonthemeaningof"theHouse".Inpoliticsitoftenreferstothepoliticalinstituteandiscapitalised.Thestudentunderstoodittobethehousehold.Themotherisoftenthoughtofthespeakerasshetendstotalkmoreathomeanddecidesonhouseholdmatters.?Thefunnypartisthatthestudentiscomplainingaboutthelowmarkandprofessorrespondsasitisactuallyhigherthanwhathedeserves.Theprofessorusessarcasmhere.?Thefunnypartistheplayon"to",whichsoundsthesame;anumbertwoorgoingfromonepointtoanother.Itimpliesthatthestudentdoesn'tknowwhataformulais.)語法：進行時態(tài)形式時態(tài)肯定否定現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are

doingam/is/are

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doing過去進行時was/were

doingwas/were

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doing將來進行時will

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doingwill

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doing現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/has

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doinghave/has

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doing過去完成進行時had

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doing一、現(xiàn)在進行時1.表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行著的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。--Ihearyouareworkinginapub.What'sitlike?——我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？--Well,theworkisveryhardandI'malwaystired,butIdon'tmind.——哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。2.某些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如：come,go,leave,arrive,start,move等，可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的事。3.一些特殊的用法現(xiàn)在進行時可用來表示經(jīng)常性的動作，常和constantly,always,forever等副詞連用，表示厭煩、贊美等情緒。Sheisalwayssleepingwiththewindowopen.她總喜歡開著窗戶睡覺。二、過去進行時1.表示過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的動作，或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時發(fā)生的動作；也可表示過去某個時間段內(nèi)一直在進行的動作。Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeopleweresellingallkindsoffruitsandvegetables.我慢慢地走過市場，市場里人們在賣各種各樣的水果和蔬菜。2.短暫性動詞可用過去進行時表示過去按計劃、安排要做的事。Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.我本打算那天晚些時候來看你的，但是我不得不打電話取消了。3.與always,constantly,forever等副詞連用時，表示說話人對某種行為的贊賞、厭煩、不滿等情緒。Hewasalwayschanginghismind.他總是改變主意。三、將來進行時表示將來某時刻或某一時間段正在進行的動作，常表示事情的正常發(fā)展。I'llbedoingsomehouseworktomorrow.明天我要干些家務活。四、現(xiàn)在完成進行時1.常用來表示開始于過去某個時間，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進行下去的動作。Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforpeoplewecanhelp.數(shù)日來孩子們一直在尋找我們能幫助的人。2.表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復進行的動作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere'snoanswer.今早我給他打了幾次電話，但都沒打通。五、過去完成進行時過去完成進行時與過去完成時的用法很相近，它通常表示某個過去正在進行的動作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去某個時刻還未完成，一直持續(xù)到之后的當前時刻才結(jié)束。Hehadbeenwritingthelettertilltwoo'clock.他一直寫信到兩點鐘。Hewasnowthirtyyearsold.Hehadbeengamblingsincehewasten.（他三十歲還在賭博。）他現(xiàn)在三十歲了。他從十歲起就開始賭博了。不過這種狀態(tài)不一定表示這個動作會持續(xù)下去。Hecamebackatseven.Hehadbeenwaitingfortwohours.（七點鐘的時候他沒有再等了。）他七點鐘回來。他已經(jīng)等了兩個小時了。它的含義主要包括以下幾個方面：1.尚未完成：Hehadbeenwritinganovel.(Hehadnotfinishedityet.)他一直在寫一部小說。2.企圖：Hehadbeenstudyingthemeaningoftheproverb.(Hewastryingtostudyit.)他一直在研究這句諺語的意思。3.未得到結(jié)果：Wehadbeenstudyingwhatourenemyhadsaid.(Butwewerenotabletounderstandit.)我們一直在研究敵人說的話。4.最近的情況：Hehadbeenquarrellingwithhiswife.他和妻子吵架了