【期末復習備考】外研小學起點版八年級上冊英語語法復

八年級上冊語法復習1、一般過去時態(tài)2、過去進行時態(tài)3、動詞不定式一般過去時規(guī)則動詞過去式的構成規(guī)則用法各種句式結構時間狀語要求：四人小組分工合作完成！行為動詞的一般過去時過去式的構成規(guī)則“直”一般情況下在動詞原形后直接加-ed.如：want—wanted“去”以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，去掉e再加-ed.如：hope—hoped“雙”重讀閉音節(jié)單詞需雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加-ed.如：stop—stopped“改”以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞改y為i，再加-ed.如：study—studied注意：不規(guī)則動詞變化，要逐一熟記。

2．實義動詞過去式的句式。

①肯定式：主語+動詞過去式+其它。如：Theyhadagoodtimeyesterday.

②否定式：主語+didnot（didn’t）+動詞原形+其它。如：Theydidn’twatchTVlastnight.

③一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主語+did.否定回答：No，主語+didn’t.如：Didtheyhaveameetingtwodaysago？Yes，theydid./No，theydidn’t.

④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它？如：Whattimedidyoufinishyourhomework？

3．一般過去時的用法：a.主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。MyfatherworkedinShanghailastyear.b.表示過去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作，常與often，always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。Ioftenwenttoschoolonfoot.c.與when等連詞引導的狀語從句連用。Whenhegothome，hehadashortrest.4．一般過去時的時間狀語：amomentago（剛才），yesterdaymorning，lastnight/week，thedaybeforeyesterday（前天），justnow（剛才），in2006,threedaysago等用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.I__________(go)toschoolyesterday.2.She_________(play)footballlastweek.3.Look!Jack_________(sing)now.4.You_____(read)thenewpaperthedaybeforeyesterday.5.I_________(see)Jackinthezoolastweekend.6.I__________(do)myhomeworklastnight7.She_________(open)themailboxthedayaftertomorrow.8.I_______(help)thelittlebabydrinkthemilkthenextmorning.9.Thefarmers__________(work)onthefarmnextweek.10.Myparents_________(watch)TVlastMonday.wentplayedissingingreadsawdidwillopenwillhelpwillworkwatched句型轉換1.

IwenttothepartylastFriday.（改為一般疑問句）______you______tothepartylastFriday?2.

IhadanicetimelastSunday.（改為一般疑問句）______you_______nicetimelastSunday?3.

WewenttoLondontwoyearsago.

（對劃線部分提問）____________you_______toLondon?4.

Hedidhishomeworkinthemorning.（改為否定句）He___________hishomeworkinthemorning.DidgoDidhaveWhendidgodidn’t

do過去進行時現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing構成規(guī)則用法各種句式結構時間狀語謂語構成六人小組合作完成：過去進行時:謂語構成:was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing用法：表示在過去的某一時間正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)時間狀語：atthistimeyesterday（昨天這個時候）atthattimelastweek（上周那個時候）atnineyesterdayevening（昨晚九點時）fromseventotenlastnight（昨晚從七點到十點）等，when或while引導時間狀語從句的主、從復合句。

Iwasreadinganewspaperwhenhecamein．他進來時，我正在看報。WhileIwaswalkinghome,ImetMrGreen.我步行回家時遇到了格林先生.Myfatherwasreadinganewspaperwhilemymotherwascooking.媽媽做飯時爸爸在看報。注：while引導時間狀語從句的主、從復合句，兩個過去進行時并用，表示動作同時發(fā)生。過去進行時:各種句式結構肯定式：否定式：Hewassleepingwhenshearrived.她到達時他正在睡覺。Theyweren’tplantingtreesatnineyesterday.昨天早上九點他們不在植樹。一般疑問句：Was／Were+主語+v-ing+其它?主語+was/were+v-ing+其它主語+was／werenot+v-ing+其它Washeplayingfootballwhenyourangme?你打電話給我時．他正在踢足球嗎?特殊疑問句:疑問詞+was／were+主語+v-ing+其它?WhatwasPeterdoingatthistimelastweek?上周這個時候彼特在于什么?用was/were填空:1、I＿＿＿listeningtothemusic.2、She＿＿＿playingthepiano.3、They＿＿lookingattheflowers.4、We＿＿＿havingapicnic.5、Lingling＿＿＿watchingTV.6、Twoboys＿＿＿readingbook.7、Youruncleandaunt＿＿visitingtheGreatWall.8、Everyone＿＿＿havinglunch.9、People＿＿workingonthefarm.10、Somewomen＿＿singingpopmusic.waswaswaswaswerewerewerewerewerewere用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1.You____________(have)ameetingat9lastMondaymorning．2.They__________(play)footballwhenIpassed．3.She___________(take)awalkwhenwehadatalk．4.____they_______(try)todrawhorsesontheblackboardwhentheteachercamein?5.Thestudents_________(1isten)totheteachercarefullywhilehewasteaching。werehavingwereplayingwastaking

Weretryingwerelistening動詞不定式動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一，也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為＂to+動詞原形＂，to為動詞不定式的符號，本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點：1.具有動詞的特點，因此，后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語，構成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點，可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。一、動詞不定式作主語

()1.It'shardforus______Englishwell.A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning()2.It'sverynice_________youtogetmetwotickets_________theWorldCup.A.for，ofB.of，forC.to，forD.of，to［簡析］動詞不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主語，而將真正的主語(不定式)置于后面。常見的句式有：(1)Itis+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.(2)Itis+形容詞(forsb)todosth.(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.(4)Itis+名詞短語(forsb)todosth.

CD句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容詞，與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質；句式(2)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。二、動詞不定式作賓語()1.Hewants______somevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys()2.Don'tforget______yourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking()3.Hefounditverydifficult______.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep

［簡析］在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等動詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時，則可以用it作形式賓語，而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。CAD三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語()1.Robertoftenasksus______hisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith()2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriends______Chinesefood.A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked［簡析］不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask，teach，expect，tell，allow等。BC四、動詞不定式作狀語()1.Shewent______herteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing()2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.Shedoesherbest______Englishwell.A.learnB.learningC.tolearnD.learns［簡析］go，come，try，do/tryone'sbest等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時，其后常?？梢越硬欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。AC()3.I'msorry______that.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear()4.I'msorry______you.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled()5.Mymotherwasveryglad______heroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets［簡析］＂be+形容詞+todosth＂結構中的不定式作狀語，常表示原因或方式。CBA五、動詞不定式作定語()1.Wouldyoulikesomething______?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks()2.Ihavealotofhomework______.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo()3.Heisnotaneasyman______.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith［簡析］不定式作定語時，常放在被修飾的詞語之后，與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系；如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。CDD六、不帶to的動詞不定式()1.Wesawhim______thebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered()2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthem______verytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel()3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter______.A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimupBDC［簡析］1.在see，watch，hear，feel等感官動詞和make，have，let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.2.在＂hadbetter＂后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否定形式()1.Theoldmantoldthechild______noisy.A.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot()2.Thereisgoingto______animportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetry______late.A.have，nottobeB.have，notbeC.be，nottobeD.be，notbe［簡析］動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not，如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.BC八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區(qū)別()1.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has()2.——Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?——Sorry,Iforgot______somemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took()3.——Let'shavearest,shallwe?——Notnow,Ican'tstop______theletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop______(walk).ACCwalking

雙賓語用法要點此結構由主語+及物謂語動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）組成。如，

Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但若要先說出直接賓語（事物），后說間接賓語（人），則要借助于介詞to或for,如，

Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to側重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for側重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,

return,send,show,teach,等。（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,get,make,sing,等。

反意疑問句意義概念回答規(guī)律構成當我們陳述一個事實，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陳述句后加一個簡短問句，稱為反意疑問句?！?對吧/是吧?陳述句+簡短問句〖助動詞/系動詞be/情態(tài)動詞+主語（代詞）〗陳述句是肯定的，簡短問句用否定形式；而陳述句是否定的，簡短問句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）

按事實回答反意疑問句語法歸納:二、祈使句用于反意疑問句中

這種類型較特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑問形式。句型1:Let’s+動詞原形+其它，shall

we?

例：Let’s

go

for

a

walk,shallwe?

而Letusgoforawalk,willyou?句型2:其它形式的祈使句，will

you?

Come

into

the

classroom,

will

you?

Please

be

careful,

will

you?Don’tpanic,willyou?

注意：There

be句型

1﹒There

is

an

old

picture

on

the

wall,

isn’t

there?2.There

aren’tany

children

in

the

room,

arethere?

3.There

wasn’t

a

telephone

call

for

me,

was

there?4．There

were

enough

people

to

pick

apples,

weren’t

there?5．There

will

be

a

basketball

match

tomorrow,

won’tthere?

★

值得注意的是有時英語的謂語動詞并不用否定式（即沒加上not），而是用上了“never,

little,

few,

hardly,

nothing,

nobody”等表否定意義的詞，后半部分應用肯定疑問式。

①

You

have

never

been

to

Beijing,

have

you?

②

Mr.

Fat

has

few

friends

here,

does

he?

③

There

is

little

milk

in

the

bottle,

is

there?

④

He

could

do

nothing,

could

he?

完成下列反意疑問句：1.Marylistenedtopopmusic,____________?2.HehasneverbeentoShanghai__________?

3.Hehasfewfriendsatschool,_____________?4.Themusicsoundsbeautiful,______________?5.Youcan’tdancetojazz,___________?6.Theyweren’tattheconcert,_____________?7.Let’sstopwriting,______________?8.Don’tbelate,_______________?didn’tshehashedoeshedoesn’titcanyouwerethereshallwewillyou現(xiàn)在完成時規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構成規(guī)則用法各種句式結構時間標志詞謂語構成要求：六人小組合作完成謂語構成：助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞用法（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與already(已經(jīng)),ever(曾經(jīng)),yet,just(剛剛),before(以前)等詞連用。（2）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在，常與for或since引導的時間狀語連用。標志詞（1）just，never，ever，already，yet等（2）for＋一段時間；since＋點時間或引導時間狀語從句（一般多為過去時）（3）sofar(到目前為止)；inthepast/last＋表示一段時間的詞語現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)各種句式結構肯定式：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定式：主語+haven’t/hasn’t+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他？特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他？Ihavelivedherefortenyears.Lucyhaslivedheresince2001.Theyhaven’thadbreakfastyet.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?Howlonghashelivedhere?1、see—2、hear—

3、study—4、stop—

5、write—6、teach—7、catch—8、go—

9、play—10、live—11、make—12、forget—寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式:seenheardstudiedstoppedwrittentaughtcaughtgoneplayedlivedmadeforgotten(一)考查現(xiàn)在完成時的一般用法()1．——Kitty,willyougotoseethefilmColdMountainthisevening?

——No，Iwon’t．I_______italready．A．sawB．haveseenC．seeD．willsee()2.GonewiththeWindisawell—knownnovel．She_______ittwice．A．readB．isreadingC．readsD．hasread()3．——Howlong_____you_____here?——Forabouttwoyearssofar．A.have;studiedB.did;liveC.do;stayD.havechangedABD（二）考查非延續(xù)性動詞與一段時間連用的表達方式()1．——Oh．Mrs．king,yourdresslooksnice．Isitnew?——No，I_____itsincetwoyearsago.A．hadB．havehadC．boughtD．havebought()2．Jeffborrowedahistorybookfromhisfriend．He____itforaweek．A．hasborrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD．lend()3.Thestudentsaresorrytohearthatthefamoussinger_____forhalfanhour．A．hasleftB．hasgoneC.hasbeenawayD.hasgoneawayBCC

(三)考查have／hasbeento，have／hasgoneto與have／hasbeenin的區(qū)別()1．——Where'syourfather?——He____Shanghai．He’llbebacknextweek．A．hasgonetoB．hasbeentoC．havegonetoD．havebeento()2．——WhereisDavid?——He_____toEnglandonbusiness．A．isgoingB．hasgoneC．hasbeenD．goes()3.——_____youever_____totheUnitedStates?

—----Yes,twice．A．Have;goneB．Have;beenC．Do；goD．Were;goingABB(四)考查for與since接時間狀語時的區(qū)別()1．——Whatanicedog!Howlonghaveyouhadit?----_____twoyears．A．ForB．SinceC.