2022-2023學年上海市寶山區(qū)高三上學期期中英語試題及答案

2022-2023學年上海市寶山區(qū)高三上學期期中英語試題及答案(本試卷滿分140分，考試時間120分鐘)I.ListeningComprehension略II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Whilethepracticeofmindfulnesshasbecomeincreasinglypopular,itsrootscanbetracedbackthousandsofyearstoBuddhism(佛教).Oneofthepeopleoften____1____(think)tobringmindfulnesstotheWestisJonKabat-Zinn,whodevelopedaneight-weekMindfulness-BasedStressReductionprogramandfounded____2____isnowtheCenterforMindfulnessattheUniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchoolin1979.Kabat-ZinnmixedBuddhistideasaboutmindfulnesswithscience,makingitmoreaccessibleto____3____intheWest.Soon,mindfulnessmadeitswayintoclinicalsettingsandhasbeensuccessfulintreatinghealthissues____4____anxietyanddepression.Alargequantityofstudies____5____(focus)ontheabilityofmindfulnessmeditationoverthepastfewyears.Forexample,ina2003studyofcancerpatients,increasedmindfulnesswasshowntoeffectivelyreducestressandanxiety.Giventheway____6____mindfulnesscandecreasestress,itcomesasnosurprisethatitcanalsohelpdealwithemotionalproblems.Anotherstudyindicatesmindfulnessmayalsoimproveworkingmemory.Jhaandcolleaguesinvestigateditsimpactonmilitaryparticipantsduringastressfultime,____7____stresshasbeenshowntodecreaseworkingmemory.Onegroupattendedaneight-weekmindfulnessmeditationcoursebuttheothersdidnot.Workingmemorydecreasedinthecontrolgroup;however,inthemindfulnessgroup,workingmemorydecreasedinthosewhospenttheleasttimeonmindfulnessmeditationbutincreasedinthosewhospentmostoftheirfreetime____8____(practise)mindfulnessmeditation.Clearly,mindfulnesshasmanybenefits,butit’snotacure-all.Forexample,onestudyfoundthatfollowingmindfulnessmeditation,participantswere____9____(likely)toformaccuratememories.ItmayevenresultinsevereanxietyforthosePTSD(創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙)patientswhotend____10____(avoid)thoughtsandfeelingsrelatedtotheirsadpast.【答案】1.thought2.what3.those4.like5.hasfocused##hasbeenfocused6.that7.as##because8.practising9.lesslikely10.toavoid【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了正念的起源和它的功用?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：JonKabat-Zinn是通常被認為將正念引入西方的人之一。他開發(fā)了一個為期八周的正念減壓項目，并于1979年在馬薩諸塞大學醫(yī)學院建立了現(xiàn)在的正念中心。提示詞think(認為)作后置定語修飾名詞詞組Oneofthepeople，是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語Oneofthepeople之間是被動關(guān)系，應用過去分詞表被動。故填thought。【2題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：JonKabat-Zinn是通常被認為將正念引入西方的人之一。他開發(fā)了一個為期八周的正念減壓項目，并于1979年在馬薩諸塞大學醫(yī)學院建立了現(xiàn)在的正念中心。空格后是及物動詞found后的賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，用連接代詞what引導該賓語從句，作主語。故填what?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：Kabat-Zinn將佛教關(guān)于正念的思想與科學結(jié)合起來，使其更容易為西方人所接受。根據(jù)句意，句中指代“西方人”，用復數(shù)代詞those。故填those?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：很快，正念進入了臨床環(huán)境，并成功地治療了焦慮和抑郁等健康問題。根據(jù)句意，anxiety和depression是對healthissues的舉例說明，可用介詞like引出列舉對象，意為“例如，譬如”。故填like?！?題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在過去的幾年里，大量的研究集中在正念冥想的能力。focuson(聚焦，集中)是句中謂語動詞，結(jié)合時間狀語overthepastfewyears可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，與主語之間可理解為主動關(guān)系“研究集中于……”，用主動語態(tài)，也可理解為被動關(guān)系“研究被聚焦于……”，用被動語態(tài)，又因“alargequantityof+名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時主動或被動語態(tài)，單數(shù)形式。故填hasfocused/hasbeenfocused。【6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：考慮到正念可以減少壓力，它也可以幫助處理情緒問題就不足為奇了。分析句子可知，空格后是限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞way(方式)；名詞way表示“方式”時，其后定語從句可用關(guān)系詞that或者inwhich引導，也可省略引導詞，結(jié)合語法填空特征，本題用關(guān)系代詞that引導。故填that?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：Jha和他同事調(diào)查了壓力對軍事參與者的影響，因為壓力已經(jīng)被證明會降低工作記憶。根據(jù)句意，上下文上之間存在因果關(guān)系，用從屬連詞as或者because引導原因狀語從句。故填as/because?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：對照組的工作記憶下降；然而，在正念組中，花最少時間進行正念冥想的人工作記憶下降，而花大部分空閑時間進行正念冥想的人工作記憶增加。spendsometime(in)doingsth.是固定搭配，用動名詞作賓語。故填practising。【9題詳解】考查形容詞比較級。句意：例如，一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在正念冥想之后，參與者不太可能形成準確的記憶。結(jié)合上文“it’snotacure-all”可知，句中講正念冥想的不足之處，用比較級lesslikely表示否定意思，意為“不太可能”。故填lesslikely?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：它甚至可能導致那些創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙患者嚴重焦慮，他們傾向于避免與悲傷的過去有關(guān)的想法和感受。tendtodo...為固定搭配，意為“傾向于……”，跟不定式作賓語。故填toavoid。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.aboardB.alarmedC.eventuallyD.apparentlyE.housesF.launchingG.leadingH.missionsI.rushJ.speedyK.splitThehistoryofspaceexplorationin

Chinastretchesbackto900A.D.,wheninnovatorsinthecountrypioneeredthefirstsimplerockets.TheChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)sentthefirstChineseastronautintospacein2003.Today,Chinaisa(n)____11____playerintheworldwidespaceexplorationeffort.

Inthemid-20thcentury,ChinawatchedastheU.S.andSovietUnionbegantheir____12____tobecomethefirstnationonthemoon.BoththeU.S.andtheSovietUniondemonstratedprogresstowardsputtingweaponsintoorbit,whichnaturally____13____Chinaandothercountries.Inresponsetotheseconcerns,

Chinabegantopursuespacetravelinthelate1950s.Atfirst,ChinahadajointcooperationagreementwiththeSovietUnionandlaterChinabegantochartitsownpathtospace,____14____itsfirstrocketsinSeptember1960.

Startinginthelate1960s,Chinabeganworkingonspacevehiclecapableofcarryinghumansintospace.However,theprocesswasnota(n)____15____one.In1988,ChinacreatedtheMinistryofAerospaceIndustry.Afterafewyears,theministrywas____16____uptoestablishtheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation.ThefirstChineseastronauttotraveltospace,YangLiwei,wassentbythe

CNSA.In2003,herodetoorbit____17____aShenzhou5capsuleontopofaLongMarchfamilyrocket.Theflightwasshort–just21hourslong–butitgrantedChinatitleofthethirdcountrytoeversendahumanintospaceandsafelyreturnthemtoEarth.Today,China’sspaceprogramisaimedat____18____sendingastronautstotheMoonandbeyond.Inadditiontothosetypesoflaunches,Chinahasbuilttwospacestations:Tiangong1andTiangong2.Tiangong1hasbeende-orbited,butthesecondstation,Tiangong2,isstillinuseandcurrently____19____avarietyofscienceexperiments.AthirdChinesespacestationisplannedforlaunchintheearly2020s.Ifallgoesasplanned,thenewspacestationwillbringastronautstoorbitforlong-term_____20_____inresearchstations.【答案】11.G12.I13.B14.F15.J16.K17.A18.C19.E20.H【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。短文介紹了中國航空航天的歷史以及取得的成就。【11題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：今天，中國在全球太空探索努力中處于領先地位?？仗幪钚稳菰~作定語，leading“主要的，居前的”符合句意。故選G項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在20世紀中期，中國目睹了美國和蘇聯(lián)開始爭相成為第一個登上月球的國家。began后接名詞作賓語，rush“沖，奔，爭做”符合句意。故選I項?！?3題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：美國和蘇聯(lián)都展示了在將武器送入軌道方面取得的進展，這自然讓中國和其他國家感到驚恐。定語從句缺少謂語，根據(jù)“demonstrated”可知，為一般過去時，alarm“使驚恐；使害怕”符合句意，故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：起初，中國與蘇聯(lián)簽署了聯(lián)合合作協(xié)議，后來中國開始規(guī)劃自己的太空之路，并于1960年9月發(fā)射了第一枚火箭。分析句子可知，空處填非謂語動詞。與China在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系。再根據(jù)“itsfirstrockets”可知，launching“發(fā)射”符合句意。故選F項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：然而，這一過程并不迅速?？仗幪钚稳菰~作表語，speedy“快速的”符合句意。故選J項?！?6題詳解】考查語態(tài)。句意：幾年后，該部被拆分為中國國家航天局和中國航天科技集團公司。根據(jù)下文“establishtheChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationandtheChinaAerospaceScienceandTechnologyCorporation.”可知，該部被拆分為中國國家航天局和中國航天科技集團公司。besplitup“被分裂”符合句意。故選K項。【17題詳解】考查介詞。句意：2003年，他乘坐長征系列運載火箭上的神舟五號太空艙進入軌道?？仗幦鄙俳樵~，aboard“上（船、飛機、火車等）”符合句意。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查副詞。句意：如今，中國的太空計劃旨在最終將宇航員送上月球及更遠的地方。副詞作狀語修飾動詞，eventually“最終地”符合句意。故選C項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞。句意：天宮一號已經(jīng)脫離軌道，但第二個空間站天宮二號仍在使用中，目前承載著各種科學實驗?？仗幦鄙僦^語且為一般現(xiàn)在時，house“安置，容納”符合句意。故選E項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：如果一切按計劃進行，新空間站將把宇航員送入軌道，在研究站執(zhí)行長期任務。for后接名詞，根據(jù)“inresearchstations”可知，在研究站執(zhí)行長期任務,mission可數(shù)名詞，用復數(shù)形式。故選H項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Themarketisruledbysupplyanddemand,andasaconsumeryoucanhaveahugeimpactonthe____21____sideoftheequation(等式).Ifallofusmakeindividualchangesinwhatwebuyanduse,itcan____22____uptoalot.Butreducingyourowncarbonemissionsisn’tthemostpowerfulthingyoucando.Youcanalsosendasignaltothemarketthatpeopleare____23____topayforzero-carbonalternatives.Whenyoupaymoreforanelectriccar,aheatpump,oraplant-basedburger,you’resaying,“There’samarketforthisstuff.We’llbuyit.”Ifenoughpeoplesendthesame____24____,companieswillrespond—inmyexperience,quite____25____.They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts,whichwill____26____thepricesofthoseproducts.Itwillmakeinvestorsmoreconfidentaboutfundingnewcompaniesthataremakingthe____27____.Withoutthatdemandsignal,theinnovationsthatgovernmentsandbusinessesinvestinwillstayonthe____28____.Ortheywon’tgetdevelopedinthefirstplace,becausethere’sno____29____incentive(刺激)tomakethem.Herearesomespecificstepsyoucantake:Reduceyourhome’semissions.Dependingonhowmuchmoneyandtimeyoucanspare,youcan____30____yourincandescentlightbulbs(白熾燈泡)withLEDs,insulate(使隔熱)yourwindows,orreplaceyourheatingandcoolingsystemwithaheat____31____.Buyanelectricvehicle.AlthoughEVsarenotsuitableforlotsoflong-distanceroadtrips,and____32____athomeisn’tconvenientforeveryone,they’rebecomingmoreaffordable.Thisisoneoftheplaceswhereconsumerbehaviorcanhaveahugeimpact:Ifpeoplebuylotsofthem,companieswillmakelotsofthem.____33____aplant-basedburger.I’lladmitvegetarianburgershaven’talwaystasted____34____,butthenewgenerationofplant-basedproteinalternativesisclosertothetasteofmeatthanbefore.Buyingtheseproductssendsamessagethatmakingthemisawiseinvestment.____35____,eatingameatsubstitutejustonceortwiceaweekwillcutdownontheemissionsyou’reresponsiblefor.21.A.market B.consumption C.supply D.demand22.A.look B.take C.add D.live23.A.agreeable B.indifferent C.reluctant D.willing24.A.data B.signal C.word D.request25.A.quickly B.easily C.steadily D.neutrally26.A.pushup B.drivedown C.checkout D.settledown27.A.breakthroughs B.conclusions C.calculations D.consequences28.A.office B.field C.trade D.shelf29.A.possible B.alternative C.economic D.efficient30.A.purchase B.recycle C.abandon D.replace31.A.bin B.pump C.oven D.cooler32.A.transporting B.manufacturing C.maintaining D.charging33.A.Improve B.Search C.Try D.Prohibit34.A.great B.terrible C.strange D.original35.A.Inbrief B.Forexample C.Inaddition D.Bycomparison【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.B25.A26.B27.A28.D29.C30.D31.B32.D33.C34.A35.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。市場是由供需決定的，作為消費者，你可以對等式的需求端產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。文章主要解釋了消費者的需求是如何影響市場生產(chǎn)的，以及一些減少碳排放的建議?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：市場是由供需決定的，作為消費者，你可以對等式的需求端產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。A.market市場；B.consumption消費；C.supply供應；D.demand要求。根據(jù)上文“Themarketisruledbysupplyanddemand”可知，消費者是市場的需求端，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們每個人都在購買和使用的東西上做出個人的改變，就會累積很多。A.look看；B.take帶走；C.add增加；D.live居住。根據(jù)上文“Ifallofusmakeindividualchangesinwhatwebuyanduse”指每個人都在購買和使用的東西上做出個人的改變，就會累積很多。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你還可以向市場發(fā)出一個信號，即人們愿意為零碳替代品付費。A.agreeable愉悅的；B.indifferent冷淡的；C.reluctant不情愿的；D.willing愿意的。根據(jù)后文“topayforzero-carbonalternatives”指人們愿意為零碳替代品付費。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果有足夠多的人發(fā)出同樣的信號，公司就會做出反應——以我的經(jīng)驗來看，反應相當迅速。A.data數(shù)據(jù)；B.signal信號；C.word單詞；D.request要求。呼應上文“Youcanalsosendasignal”指每個人發(fā)出同樣的信號。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：如果有足夠多的人發(fā)出同樣的信號，公司就會做出反應——以我的經(jīng)驗來看，反應相當迅速。A.quickly快速地；B.easily容易地；C.steadily穩(wěn)定地；D.neutrally中立地。根據(jù)后文“They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts”指公司對人們的需求迅速做出反應。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們將投入更多的資金和時間生產(chǎn)低排放產(chǎn)品，這將壓低這些產(chǎn)品的價格。A.pushup提高；B.drivedown壓低；C.checkout檢驗；D.settledown定居。根據(jù)上文“They’llputmoremoneyandtimeintomakinglow-emissionsproducts”可知，投入更多的資金和時間生產(chǎn)低排放產(chǎn)品，即產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品增加，故壓低了產(chǎn)品價格。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它會使投資者對融資新公司更有信心突破。A.breakthroughs突破；B.conclusions結(jié)論；C.calculations計算；D.consequences結(jié)果。根據(jù)上文“Itwillmakeinvestorsmoreconfidentaboutfundingnewcompaniesthataremakingthe”指有信心做出突破，makethebreakthroughs“做出突破”。故選A。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有這種需求信號，政府和企業(yè)投資的創(chuàng)新就會束之高閣。A.office辦公室；B.field領域；C.trade交易；D.shelf架子。根據(jù)后文“Ortheywon’tgetdevelopedinthefirstplace”可知，沒有這種需求信號，政府和企業(yè)投資的創(chuàng)新就會束之高閣。stayontheshelf表示“束之高閣”。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：或者它們一開始就不會被開發(fā)出來，因為沒有經(jīng)濟動力去開發(fā)它們。A.possible可能的；B.alternative可替代的；C.economic經(jīng)濟的；D.efficient效率高的。結(jié)合上文可知，沒有消費者的需求，公司就不會投入資金和時間來生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品，故因為沒有經(jīng)濟動力去開發(fā)它們。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)你所能節(jié)省的金錢和時間，你可以把白熾燈換成LED燈，把窗戶隔熱，或者把暖氣和制冷系統(tǒng)換成熱泵。A.purchase購買；B.recycle回收；C.abandon拋棄；D.replace取代。根據(jù)后文“yourincandescentlightbulbswithLEDs”指把白熾燈換成LED燈，故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)你所能節(jié)省的金錢和時間，你可以把白熾燈換成LED燈，把窗戶隔熱，或者把暖氣和制冷系統(tǒng)換成熱泵。A.bin垃圾桶；B.pump泵；C.oven烤箱；D.cooler冷卻器。根據(jù)上文“orreplaceyourheatingandcoolingsystemwithaheat”可知，指把暖氣和制冷系統(tǒng)換成熱泵。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管電動汽車不適合大量的長途公路旅行，在家充電也不是每個人都方便，但它們正變得越來越便宜。A.transporting運輸；B.manufacturing制造；C.maintaining維持；D.charging充電。根據(jù)上文“Buyanelectricvehicle.”可知這里指給電動汽車充電的情況，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：嘗試植物做的漢堡。A.Improve改善；B.Search搜索；C.Try嘗試；D.Prohibit禁止。根據(jù)后文“butthenewgenerationofplant-basedproteinalternativesisclosertothetasteofmeatthanbefore(但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉類的味道)”可知在建議嘗試植物做的漢堡。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我承認素食漢堡的味道并不總是很好，但新一代的植物蛋白替代品比以前更接近肉類的味道。A.great好的；B.terrible糟糕的；C.strange奇怪的；D.original起初的。后文but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明之前素食漢堡的味道并不總是很好，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：此外，每周吃一兩次肉類替代品將減少你所負責的排放。A.Inbrief簡言之；B.Forexample例如；C.Inaddition此外；D.Bycomparison相比之下。后文是對上文的補充說明，故用inaddition。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)In1823,ayoungwomannoticedastrangefossilonabeachnearLymeRegis,England.Shedugoutthebonesandhadthemcarriedtoherhome.Shecarefullyarrangedtheskeletononatable.Thenshesawsomethingextraordinary.Thecreature’sneckwasameterlong—morethanhalfthelengthofitsbody.ItwasunlikeanyanimallivingonEarth.Evenatayoungage,MaryAnninghadatalentforspottingunusualorcuriousfossils.Herfatherdiedin1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingherfossilstocollectors.Ayearlater,agedjust12,shemadeherfirstmajordiscovery—acrocodile-likeskullwithalongskeleton.Itturnedouttobeaseacreaturethatlivedlongago.Namedichthyosaur,or“fish-lizard”,itwasthefirstextinctanimalknowntoscience.Fossilhuntingbroughtinmoney,butitwasadangerousoccupation.Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogandalmostburiedMary.Despitethedangers,shecontinuedtolookfornewfinds.Thelong-neckedfossilsheuncoveredin1823wasanotherlong-deadseareptile(爬行動物).Knownasaplesiosaur,itwouldinspirelegends—includingthatoftheLochNessMonster.Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.Itwasoneofthefirstexamplesofapterosaur—aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.Marywasnotonlyaskilledfossilhunter;shealsocarefullyexaminedandrecordedherfinds.However,shereceivedlittlecreditfromotherscientists.Onlyoneofherscientificwritingswaspublishedinherlifetime,in1839.ShewasalsonotallowedtojoinLondon’sGeologicalSociety,asonlymencouldbecomemembers.MaryAnningdiedin1847,buthercontributionshavenotbeenforgotten.HerfindsarenowdisplayedinmuseumsinLondonandParis.ThebeachnearherhomeisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,knownastheJurassicCoast.Herlifecontinuestoinspirevisitorshopingtofindtheirownfossilwonders.AccordingtoBritain’sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“thegreatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.ShewasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkaboutlifeonEarth.36.WhydidMaryAnningstartsellingfossils?A.Toestablishhernameasascientist. B.Toraisepublicinterestinherarticles.C.Togainmoneytostartamuseum. D.Toearnmoneytosupportherfamily.37.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMaryAnning?A.Shepublishedseveralscientificarticlesinherlifetime.B.Shewasnearlykilledbyarockfallnearthebeach.C.ShewasamemberoftheLondonGeologicalSociety.D.Thebeachnearherhomeisnamedafterher.38.Whatistrueaboutthepterosaurfind?A.ItlookedsimilartotheLochNessMonster.B.Itwasthefirstdiscoveryofanextinctanimal.C.Itshowedthatsomeextinctcreatureshadwings.D.ItdemonstratedthatMaryAnningwasanexpertinfossilfinds.39.Whatwouldbethepropertitleforthepassage?A.Long-NeckedCreaturesfromthePast B.TheWorld’sGreatestFossilHunterC.TheDiscoveryoftheFirstPterosaur D.TreasureofFossils【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一位尋找化石的專家MaryAnning的生平事跡?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Herfatherdiedin1810,leavingherfamilyindebt,soMarybegansellingherfossilstocollectors.(她的父親在1810年去世，讓她的家庭負債累累，所以Mary開始把她的化石賣給收藏家。)”可知，Mary之所以要開始賣化石是因為家中負債累累，她得賣化石養(yǎng)家。故選D?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Oneday,arockfallkilledherdogandalmostburiedMary.(一天，落石砸死了她的狗，差點把Mary埋了。)”可知，Mary差點被落石砸中活埋。故選B。【38題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Fiveyearslater,shefoundafossilwithwingbonesandalongtail.Itwasoneofthefirstexamplesofapterosaur—aflyingcreaturethatdisappearedmillionsofyearsago.(五年后，她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊有翼骨和長尾巴的化石。這是翼龍的首批樣本之一，翼龍是一種數(shù)百萬年前消失的飛行生物。)”可知，翼龍化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明了一些已經(jīng)滅絕的生物是有翅膀的。故選C。【39題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“AccordingtoBritain’sNaturalHistoryMuseum,MaryAnningwas“thegreatestfossilhuntertheworldhaseverknown”.ShewasalsoascientistwhochangedthewaywethinkaboutlifeonEarth.(英國自然歷史博物館稱，MaryAnning是“世界上最偉大的化石獵人”。她還是一位科學家，她改變了我們對地球生命的看法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了一位尋找化石的專家MaryAnning的生平事跡。所以“TheWorld’sGreatestFossilHunter(世界上最偉大的化石獵人)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選B。(B)Friendship,likeanyotherrelationship,needstobenurtured.Todevelopagoodfriendship,youneedtobecommitted,andawordofgratitudegoesalongwaytowardsealingbonds.Thankyourfriendsforbeingthereforyouorhelpingyourediscoveryourself.On

FriendshipDay,reachouttoyourfriendsineverycorneroftheworld.Usethesethank-youquotesforfriendsincardsandmessages.JohnLeonard“Ittakesalongtimetogrowanoldfriend.”HenryDavidThoreau“Thelanguageoffriendshipisnotwords,butmeanings.”RichardBach“Everygiftfromafriendisawishforyourhappiness."Euripides“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”LuciusAnnaeusSeneca“Oneofthemostbeautifulqualitiesoftruefriendshipistounderstandandtobeunderstood.”O(jiān)prahWinfrey“Lotsofpeoplewanttoridewithyouinthelimo,butwhatyouwantissomeonewhowilltakethebuswithyouwhenthelimobreaksdown.”RalphWaldoEmerson“Thegloryoffriendshipisnottheoutstretchedhand,northekindlysmile,northejoyofcompanionship;itisthespiritualinspirationthatcomestoonewhenhediscoversthatsomeoneelsebelievesinhimandiswillingtotrusthim.”BaltasarGracián“Truefriendshipmultipliesthegoodinlifeanddividesitsevils.Strivetohavefriends,forlifewithoutfriendsislikelifeonadesertisland...Tofindonerealfriendinalifetimeisgoodfortune;tokeephimisablessing.”AlbertSchweitzer“Ineveryone’slife,atsometime,ourinnerfiregoesout.Itisthenburstintoflamebyanencounterwithanotherperson.Weshouldallbethankfulforthosepeoplewhorekindle(重新點燃)theinnerspirit.”40.Expressingyourgratitudetoyourfriendsmayhelp________.A.rediscoveryourself B.commityourselftosomethingnewC.promotefriendship D.displayyoursincerity41.WhichpersonsharesthesameideawithOprahWinfreyintermsoffriendship?A.JohnLeonard. B.Euripides.C.RalphWaldoEmerson. D.AlbertSchweitzer.42.________compareslifewithoutfriendstooneonalonelyisland.A.RichardBach B.RalphWaldoEmersonC.BaltasarGracián D.AlbertSchweitzer【答案】40.C41.B42.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一些給朋友表達感謝的名人名言?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Todevelopagoodfriendship,youneedtobecommitted,andawordofgratitudegoesalongwaytowardsealingbonds.(要發(fā)展一段良好的友誼，你需要有承諾，一句感謝的話對鞏固友誼大有幫助)”可知，向朋友表達你的感激之情可能有助于增進友誼。故選C?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Euripides部分中“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.(朋友是在困難時候，而不是在幸福的時候才表達他們的愛)”以及OprahWinfrey部分中“Lotsofpeoplewanttoridewithyouinthelimo,butwhatyouwantissomeonewhowilltakethebuswithyouwhenthelimobreaksdown.(很多人都想和你一起坐豪華轎車，但你想要的是，當你的豪華轎車壞了的時候，有人會和你一起坐公共汽車)”可知，在友誼方面，Euripides和OprahWinfrey有相同的想法。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Strivetohavefriends,forlifewithoutfriendsislikelifeonadesertisland...(努力擁有朋友，因為沒有朋友的生活就像生活在荒島上……)”可知，BaltasarGracián把沒有朋友的生活比作孤島上的生活。故選C。(C)Ifyouareaparentofyoungchildrenwhobrowsesparentingwebsites,youwillatsomepointbeinvited,throughtargetedadvertising,toenrolyourchildinaGlobalMathsSkillAssessment—“toseehowtheycomparetopeersglobally”.Youmaybeurgedtoconsiderthepossibility—no,probability—thattheyare“gifted”insomeway,ifnotinmaths,theninmusicorart.It’swindow-dressing(門面粉飾)forsubscription(訂閱)services,buttheotherday,alinecaughtmyeyethatIhaven’tbeenabletoforget.“Talentisn’teverything;theimportantthingistoteachyourchildtobekind.”Thispositioningof“kindness”astheoppositeof“talent”iscommononceyoustartlookingforit.Kindnessis,everywhere:theconsolation(安慰)prize,theawardforperfectattendance.Afewyearsago,noneofthiswouldhavestruckmeasnoteworthy.Ibelievedatendencytowardskindnesswasn’tsomethingwewerebornwith,butinsteadsomethingentirelyreliantoncultivation.ThesedaysIwonderaboutthat,andaboutourdeterminationtoseeitthatway.Itbringsustotheproblemofkindness;notonlythefactthat,inplentyofsettings,itcanbeacodeforweaknessorneediness,butthefactthattheworditselfhasbeenemptiedoutthroughmisuse.Realkindnessisnotthis.Kindness,Itrytotellmychildren,isstrength.Mychildwhoisalwayskindtoothersisfrequentlyconfusedbytheunfriendlinessofothers,atwhichpointIhavetobitemytongue.“Jessicawasrudetoyoubecauseshe’ssilly”isnotwhatI’mgoingtoteachmyseven-year-old.Canyouteachsomeonetobekind?Ofcourse,butalsoonlysortof,notentirely.Youcandisciplinethemwithreasonandrewardsinthesamewayyoucansendthemtopianoeveryweekandeventuallythey’lllearntoplayTwinkleTwinkle.Thefactremainsthatsomepeoplearekinderthanothersnotasaresultofexternalforcesbutfromsomeinbornability.TheancientGreekstorytellerAesopsaid,“Noactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall,iseverwasted.”Twothousandyearslater,itremainsahardsell.43.Parentingwebsitesoftenmakeuseofvariousassessmentsofchildren’stalentto________.Aincreasetheclick-through

rate B.promotetheirtargetedtrainingC.remindparentsoftheirchildren’stalent D.haveparentssubscribetheirservices44.Inthesecondparagraph,thewritermentions“theconsolationprize”toshow________.A.kindnessisviewedastheoppositeoftalentB.consolationprizeisakindgesturethatshouldbepromotedC.kinddeedsarenoeasytofindD.kindnessdeservestobenoticed

inthecontemporarysociety45.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“bitemytongue”inParagraph3mean?A.Saynothing. B.Letoutmyanger.C.Harmoneselfaccidentally. D.Explainsomethinginpain.46.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A.Everychildistalented,eitherinmaths,music,artorkindness.B.Kindnessisyourstrengthtotalkbackwhenoffended.C.Kindnessisnotsomethingthatcanbeeasilytaught.D.Teachingcanbringaboutchildren’stendencytowardskindness.【答案】43.D44.A45.A46.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了作者認為善良并不是能夠被輕易教會的品質(zhì)?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouareaparentofyoungchildrenwhobrowsesparentingwebsites,youwillatsomepointbeinvited,throughtargetedadvertising,toenrolyourchildinaGlobalMathsSkillAssessment—“toseehowtheycomparetopeersglobally”.Youmaybeurgedtoconsiderthepossibility—no,probability—thattheyare“gifted”insomeway,ifnotinmaths,theninmusicorart.It’swindow-dressing(門面粉飾)forsubscription(訂閱)services(如果你是一名瀏覽育兒網(wǎng)站的孩子的父母，在某個時候，你會通過定向廣告，被邀請讓你的孩子參加全球數(shù)學技能評估——“看看他們與全球同齡人的比較情況”。你可能會被敦促考慮一種可能性——不，是概率——他們在某些方面有“天賦”，如果不是在數(shù)學方面，那就是在音樂或藝術(shù)方面。這只是訂閱服務的門面粉飾。)”可知，這些育兒網(wǎng)站通過對孩子天賦的測評，目的是為了讓家長訂閱網(wǎng)站的服務。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Thispositioningof“kindness”astheoppositeof“talent”iscommononceyoustartlookingforit.(一旦你開始尋找善良的對立面，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)善良被定義為天賦的對立面。)”以及上文“Kindnessis,everywhere(善良無處不在)”可推斷，作者之所以提到“theconsolationprize(安慰獎)”是為了告訴我們，善良被視作是天賦的對立面。故選A。【45題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞組下文““Jessicawasrudetoyoubecauseshe’ssilly”isnotwhatI’mgoingtoteachmyseven-year-old.(“Jessica對你粗魯是因為她傻”不是我要教我七歲的孩子的。)”可知，作者此時不得不保持沉默。所以bitemytongue為“保持沉默”之意。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Canyouteachsomeonetobekind?Ofcourse,butalsoonlysortof,notentirely.(你能教一個人變得善良嗎?當然，但也只是部分，不是全部。)”以及“Thefactremainsthatsomepeoplearekinderthanothersnotasaresultofexternalforcesbutfromsomeinbornability.(事實仍然是，有些人比其他人更善良，不是由于外界的力量，而是由于某些與生俱來的能力。)”可推斷，作者認為善良并不是可以輕易教會的品質(zhì)。故選C。SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Thenightskyhasbeenanendlesssourceoffascinationsincethestartofhumanhistory.Forexample,themysteriouslarge-eyed,bronzestatuesoftheancientShuKingdom,discoveredattheChinesearcheologicalsiteatSanxingdui,werebelievedtohavebeenabletolookacrossgreatdistancesintothestars.Inreality,humanscanseeverylittleofthenightskywiththenakedeye.And,foralongwhile,peoplewereunabletounderstandwhattheycouldsee.____47____Ourpowertoinvestigateandthusunderstandspacechangeddramaticallywhenthefirsttelescope(望遠鏡)wasangledatthenightsky,increasingasitdidthepowerofthehumaneyeandenablingustounderstandthattheuniverseisfarlargerthanwaspreviouslyimaginable.Theplanetswereseentobeworldssimilartoourown,manyofthemevenhavingtheirownmoons.____48____Some300yearslater,welearntthattheMilkyWayitselfwasjustonegalaxyamongbillionsofothers,spreadacrosstheblacknessofspacelike