2022-2023學年浙江省舟山市高三上學期期末英語試題及答案

2022-2023學年浙江省舟山市高三上學期期末英語試題及答案注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卷上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卷上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用像皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號，回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卷上，寫在本試題卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】Howdoesthemanfeelaboutlosingthephone?A.Heisveryupset.B.Hedoesn’treallymind.C.Heisabitannoyed.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Iseemtohavelostmyphone.Whatnow?W:Iwillringyournumber.Maybesomeonewillreply.Wheredidyouloseit?M:Noidea.Thereisnorush.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingitanyway.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】Whichisthegirl’shorse?A.Theonewiththewhiteface.B.Theonebesidetheblackhorse.C.Theonewithtwoblacklegs.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Isthatyourhorseoverthere,withwhiteface?W:No.Mineistheonewithtwowhitelegs.Isn’tshepretty?M:Oh,yes,standingnexttotheblackhorse.W:That’sright.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】Whatwillthemandrink?A.Water. B.Tea. C.Coffee.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Oops.Itseemswe’verunoutofcoffeebeans.Icansendoutforsomebubblemilkteaifyoulike.M:It’sokay,Zoe.Waterisjustfine.W:Allright.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】Howmanybrothersdoesthemanhave?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howmanybrothersandsistersdoyouhave?W:Ihaveonlyonebrother.Whataboutyou,Bruce?M:Icomefromabigfamily.Ihavethreebrothersandtwosisters.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theboyneedstohavearest.B.Theboyhastogooverlessonsatweekends.C.Theboyshouldhavepassedtheexamlasttime.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Mom,mustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?I’vestudiedforseveraldays.Ineedtorelax.W:Lasttimeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly,butdon’tpushyourluckthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻】6.Whatisthemanprobablytryingtodo?A.Openanewbankaccount. B.Exchangesomemoney. C.Withdrawmoneyfromhisaccount.7.Whatistheman’smainproblem?A.Hedoesn’thaveanymoney. B.Heforgothisbankaccountnumber. C.Hisbankisn’tavailableinNewYork.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,howmayIhelpyou?M:I’vegothalfamillionJapaneseyen,andIneedtotradeitforUSdollars.Isthatpossibleatthisbranch?W:Thatwouldcomeouttoaround4,500dollars,whichnightbeoverourexchangelimit.What’syouraccountnumberorsocialsecurity?M:Oh,I’mnotcurrentlyanaccountholderatChaseBank.W:Wouldyouliketoopenone,sir?It’dbenecessaryforcarryingoutthisservice.M:MyJapanesehankdoesn’texistinNewYork.Sorry,I’monlyhereonholiday—settingupanaccountwon’tbenecessary.W:I’msorrywecouldn’tbeofmorehelp.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻】8.Whatkindofapartmentdoesthemanwanttorent?A.Anapartmentwithtwobedroomsandabathroom.B.Anapartmentwithasmallbedroomandabathroom.C.Anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.9.Howmuchdoesthemanwanttopayeachmonth?A.$240. B.$340. C.$480.10.Howfarawayistheapartmentfromtheuniversity?A.2miles. B.3miles. C.4miles.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,whatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes,Iwanttorentauniversityapartment.W:Whatsortofapartmentareyoulookingfor?M:Uh,anapartmentwithabedroomandasmallbathroom.W:Well,thatshouldn’tbeaproblem.Whatsortofpricewereyouthinkingof?M:Couldyougivemesomeidea?W:Certainly.Theyrangefrom$240to$480amonth.M:Oh,Isee.IfIpay$240amonth,whatkindofapartmentcanIhave?W:Youneedtosharewith2otherstudentsandtravel3milestotheuniversity.M:Threemilesonfoot?W:Youdon’thaveto.There’sasubwaystationjustinfrontoftheapartment.M:ThatsoundsOKtome.I’lltakethatone.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻】11.Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A.Itisthehardesttooperate. B.Ittravelsatthefastestspeed. C.Ithasthelongeststayingtime.12.WhatdoTaikonautsdotopassthetime?A.Playtennis. B.Playinstruments. C.Playcards.13.Whatdoesthewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A.Womenareasexcellentasmen.B.Womenundertakemorethanmendo.C.Womenarelesssuitableinthismission.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,areyouwatchingavideooftheChinesespacestation?Shenzhou-12,right?M:Close.Shenzhou-13.W:It’shardtokeepupwithChinaspeed!Sohowlongaretheyinorbitthistime?M:Sixmonths,thelongeststayofanysinglemannedfightmissioninChina’shistory.W:Sodoyouwatchthemconductexperimentsorspacewalksorwhat?M:Prettymuch.Theyevengivelessonsinthespacestation!W:IwonderwhattheTaikonautsdotopassthetimeupthere?M:Theygoforjogs,playmusicalinstruments,andevenplayping-pong.W:Zero-gravityping-pong!Igottatrythat!Who’sthatladyfloatingby?M:That’sWangYaping.She’sbecomesomewhatofacelebritydownhereonearth.W:Well,womenholduphalfthesky,soit’sonlyfittingthattheyshouldworkinittoo.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻】14.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher. B.Adoctor. C.Ahost.15.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Howtosavemoney. B.Howtospendmoney. C.Howtobeagoodhousewife.16.Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?A.Insupermarkets. B.Inoutdoormarkets. C.Indepartmentstores.17.Whatdoesthewomanhighlyrecommend?A.Fixingthingsbyourselves. B.Hiringsomeonetorepairthings. C.Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.A【解析】原文】M:Goodevening,everybody.Todaywearegoingtotalkaboutsavingmoney.Manyofushavetosavemoney,butdifferentpeoplesavemoneyindifferentways.NowwearegoingtotalktoKathytoseewhatshedoes.Hi,Kathy,doyoutrytosavemoney?W:Sure.I’mahousewife,soIhavetosavemoneyasmuchaspossible.M:Andhowdoyousave?Canyoutellussomethingaboutit?W:Well,Itrynottoshopindepartmentstoresorsupermarketsexceptwhenthingsareonsale.Ineverpayfullprice.Ireallylikeshoppinginoutdoormarkets,andIcanusuallyfindsomerealbargainsthere.M:Great!That’sagoodidea.W:AndalsomyhusbandandIdon’townacar.Ifweneedoneforaweekend,wejustrentone.Wecan’treallyaffordtobuyausedone.M:Isee.W:Andthebestwaytosavemoneyisnottopaypeopletofixthingsforyou.M:Sorry,Ican’tunderstandthat.Whatdoyoumean,Kathy?W:Wellmyhusbandoftentriestorepairthingsaroundthehouse.Wecansavealotofmoneythatway.M:Well,thankyouverymuch,Kathy.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻】18.Whereistheman?A.Athome. B.Intheoffice. C.Atatravelagency.19.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Goonbusiness. B.Gotothetheater. C.Meethisfriends.20.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheconversation?A.Themanwillfetchthesuitcasehimself.B.Themanwantsthewomantobringthesuitcaseforhim.C.Themanwillhavehisfriendfetchthesuitcaseforhim.【答案】18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,darling.I’vejustheardIhavetogotoItalyforacoupleofdays.I’mflyingthisevening.W:Oh,David.Doyoureallyhavetogo?YouknowtheJohnson’sarecomingaroundtoseeustonight.M:Yes,Iknow.ButIcan’thelpit.They’llhavetocomesomeothertime.W:Thenwewon’tbeabletogotothetheatertomorrow.M:No,I’mafraidwe’llhavetochangeallourplans.W:Allright,David.Whenexactlyareyouleaving,then?M:I’mtakingthe7o’clockplanetoRome.W:Areyoucominghomebeforeyougototheairport?M:I’mafraidIcan’t.I’mstillhavingatalkwithmybosshere.W:Whataboutyoursuitcase?M:I’mafraidyou’llhavetopackitforme.W:Andwho’sfetchingitforyou?M:You’llbringit,darling.W:Whyme?第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AAnumberofeventsaregoingonattheCooperageProject,locatedat1030MainStreetinHonesdale.Enjoy!TheCooperageMakerFairTheCooperageMakerFairwillbeheldfrom10:00amto4:00pmonFriday,June12onthegroundsoftheCityMuseum.TheMakerFairisaplacewherepeopleshowwhattheyaremaking—ashowcaseforinventionandcreativity,andsharewhattheyarelearning.Anyoneinterestedinpresentingtheirprojects,hobbiesandexperimentsshouldapplytotakepartat.SuchSweetThunderAt7:00pmonWednesday,June17,therewillbeafilmscreeningofcomedyTwelfthNightaspartoftheSuchSweetThunder:Shakespeare’sPlaysonFilmSeries.Dr.RobertDuganwillintroducetheplaywithabriefbackground.Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritOnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!GreatBrazilianMusicTourOnSaturday,June27,afantasticopportunityisreadyforyoutolistentosomegreatBrazilianmusicbythemusicalgroupMinas.Itisfrom2:30pmto4:30pm,anddoorsopenat2:00pm.Weencouragechildrenandtheirfamiliestocometolearnallabouttherhythm,excitementandsoundofBrazilianmusic.Thetwo—hourperformanceissuretobefunforthewholefamily.Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.21.Whendoestheeventtakeplacewherestudentscanputontheirownperformances?A.OnJune12. B.OnJune17. C.OnJune24. D.OnJune27.22.Whicheventrequirespeopletomakeareservation?A.SuchSweetThunder. B.SoundsLikeTeenSpirit.C.TheCooperageMakerFair. D.GreatBrazilianMusicTour.23.WhatcanyoudoatGreatBrazilianMusicTour?A.Showyourgiftforinvention. B.Makeadonation.C.PerformwithMinasonstage. D.Learntomakemusic.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了位于HonesdaleMainStreet1030號的Cooperage項目正在進行一系列活動?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SoundsLikeTeenSpirit中“OnThursday,June24,therewillbeaneventcalledSoundsLikeTeenSpiritfrom3:00pmto5:00pm.SoundsLikeTeenSpiritisdesignedtoprovideanopportunitytoshowcasethetalentofourcommunity’syouth.School—agedstudentsareencouragedtosharetheirperformingartonstageattheCooperageProject!”（6月24日星期四下午3點到5點，將有一個名為“SoundsLikeTeenSpirit”的活動?！禨oundsLikeTeenSpirit》旨在為我們社區(qū)的年輕人提供一個展示才華的機會。鼓勵學齡學生在“合作計劃”的舞臺上分享他們的表演藝術(shù)！）可知，6月24日舉辦的活動，學生們可以進行自己的表演。故選C項?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SuchSweetThunder中“Admissionisfree,butduetolimitedseating,bookingisrequiredat.”（門票是免費的，但由于座位有限，需要在預(yù)訂。）可知，SuchSweetThunder這項活動需要預(yù)約。故選A項。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatBrazilianMusicTour中“Theadmissionchargeis$5foreachperson,andallthemoneywillgotothelocalfoodbank.Youcanalsogiveawayoldclothesandmoneyattheentrance.”（入場費是每人5美元，所有的錢都將捐給當?shù)氐氖称枫y行。你也可以在入口處贈送舊衣服和錢。）可知，在GreatBrazilianMusicTour活動中，你可以進行捐贈。故選B項。B43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.Johnsaid,“Tothinkthattensofmillionsofpeoplehavebeenwatchingthebirdsfromaroundtheworldisjustincredibleandquiteoverwhelming.”Thesoundengineerboughtthebirdboxbyaccident.HeplaceditonawillowtreeinhisbackgardeninMarch,andwithinhourstwobluetits(藍冠山雀)movedinandtheyhadfivechicks.Atfirst,heonlywantedtoshowhisfamilywhatthebirdswereupto.Johnsaid,“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛蟲).Afterthreemonths,Ihad2,000subscribers.”Johndecidedtoputafinalvideotogetherandkeepitasshortaspossible-showingthebirdsgoingintothenests,theeggshatching,andthechicksfledging(長羽毛).Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.ButsomepeoplesaytheyfinditquiterelaxingandgenuinelyfascinatedbyJohn’svideos.Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”24.WhydidJohnlivestreambirds’lifeatfirst?A.Tokilltimeathome.B.Toknowmoreaboutthebirds.C.Togethimclosertohisfamily.D.Tocallonpeopletoshelterbluetits.25.WhattroubleisJohnfacedwithnow?A.Hisfinancialproblem.B.Littlebluetits’settlements.C.Improvementofhisfinalvideo.D.Challengesfromonlineviewers.26.WhichwordscanbestdescribeJohn?A.Intelligentandhardworking.B.Helpfulandwise.C.Knowledgeableandgenerous.D.Adventurousandresponsible.27.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABirdLover’sVideoofBlueTitsAttractsMillionsofFansB.AVideoRaisesPeople’sAwarenessofProtectingBirdsC.TechnologyCanGreatlyAffecttheSurvivalofWildlifeD.ABirdLoverMakesEffortstoProtectRareBlueTits【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了John直播鳥兒幼崽生活的視頻在YouTube迅速走紅，同時他自己也面臨著資金不足的問題，但他把這看作是對自己的挑戰(zhàn)?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Withinadaythebirdsmovedin,andIwantedtoknowwhatwasgoingoninside.Istartedtolivestreamanddovideohighlightseveryday-onthefirstday100peoplewatchedit.Itshowedthingslikethechicksbeingfedinthenestsastheparentscarriedincaterpillars(毛毛蟲).(不到一天，鳥兒就搬進來了，我想知道里面發(fā)生了什么。我開始每天直播并做視頻集錦——第一天就有100人觀看。它展示了一些東西，比如雛鳥在巢中被喂食，而父母則帶著毛毛蟲)”可知，John一開始直播是為了能更多地了解這些鳥。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Nowdespitethehugeglobalsuccessofthevideos,Johnisunlikelytomakeenoughforanesteggofhisown.Hestillneedstostruggleforhisfamily.(現(xiàn)在，盡管這些視頻在全球取得了巨大的成功，但約翰不太可能賺到足夠的錢來養(yǎng)活自己。他仍然需要為他的家庭而奮斗)”可知，John現(xiàn)在面臨著經(jīng)濟問題。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hesaid,“Mypersonalchallengetomyselfwastogetoutofmycomfortablezone.AndIenjoyexploringnewareas.ButIkeepinmindthatIneedtocareformyfamily.”(他說:“我對自己的個人挑戰(zhàn)是走出我的舒適區(qū)。我喜歡探索新的領(lǐng)域。但我始終牢記，我需要照顧我的家人?！?”推知，John是一個喜歡冒險并有責任心的人。故選D?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“43-year-oldJohnChadwickstartedlive-streaming(直播)lifeofthebirdswiththeirchicks.ButjustweeksafteruploadingthevideostoYouTube,hegainedmillionsofviewsfromaroundtheworld.(43歲的JohnChadwick開始直播這些鳥和它們的幼崽的生活。但就在將視頻上傳到Y(jié)ouTube的幾周后，他在世界各地獲得了數(shù)百萬的觀看量)”可知，文章主要講述了John直播鳥兒幼崽生活的視頻在YouTube迅速走紅，同時他自己也面臨著資金不足的問題，但他把這看作是對自己的挑戰(zhàn)。A項“一位愛鳥人士的藍雀視頻吸引了數(shù)百萬粉絲”可以作為本文最佳標題。故選A。CPieterBruegel’s1565realisticpaintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,”GhentUniversitybiologistIveDeSmetsays.“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreeding(培育)fromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.”DeSmetsayshe’steamingupwitharthistorianDavidVergauwenofAmaranttolookatthingswheretheycanspotdifferencesinshape,incolor,andinsize.Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.Friendssincechildhood,theytookinterestinplantsinartworkandbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseuminRussia—wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypaintingbyFlemishartistFransSnyders.“Soifyouthinkofawatermelon,youcutitthrough,itshouldbedarkredontheinside.Butthatoneappearedtobepaleandwhite.”DeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”O(jiān)therpaintingsshowedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonswereraisedduringthe17thcentury.Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主題標簽)forit.Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.But,theyadd,thesourcesneedtoberealistic.“Ifyou’regoingtouse,forexample,Picassotounderstandhowapearlooked,youmightbemisled.”28.WhatcanwelearnfromDeSmet’swordsinparagraph1?A.Humanshavemainlyfedonwheatsince1565.B.Wheathasgonethroughgreatchangesinheight.C.ThesceneinTheHarvestersmaybeunbelievable.DSelectivebreedingaffectsagriculturalstructure.29.WhatisVergauwen’sattitudetothewatermelonpaintedbyFransSnyders?A.Doubtful. B.Disapproving. C.Favorable. D.Curious.30.Whyisthesocialmediahashtagcreated?A.Toencouragepeopletofocusonart.B.Tocollectmorepaintingsfortheirdatabase.C.Toadvertisetheirresearchdatabase.D.Tosharesomehistoricalplantartwork.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Ancientpaintingsfocusedonfoodcrops.B.Twomencreateadatabaseofplantartwork.C.Plantstodayaredifferentfromtheirancestors.D.Oldartrevealsagriculturalinformation.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章以在大都會藝術(shù)博物館展出的一幅1565年的繪畫作品“TheHarvesters”為例，結(jié)合其它藝術(shù)作品，說明了可以通過過去的藝術(shù)作品了解當時的農(nóng)業(yè)情況?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theworkdescribesfarmerscuttingwheatnearlyastallastheyare,(這幅作品描述的是農(nóng)民割幾乎和他們一樣高的麥子)”和“Nowadays,ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield,youbasicallyseewheatisaboutknee-high,whichisaconsequenceofselectivebreedingfromthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.(如今，如果你走過一塊麥田，你基本上會看到小麥大約有膝蓋那么高，這是20世紀下半葉選擇性育種的結(jié)果)”可知，小麥的高度由一人高變成齊膝高，在高度上經(jīng)歷了很大的變化。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“ButVergauwensaid,“Thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepaintsitlikethat,that’sthewayitmusthavebeen.”(但Vergauwen說：“這是那個時代最好的畫家之一。所以如果他把它畫成那樣，那就一定是那樣的。”)”可知，Vergauwen認為FransSnyders畫的西瓜是真實的，表示支持。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theteamhopestosetupanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theycreateasocialmediahashtag(主題標簽)forit.(該團隊希望建立一個歷史植物藝術(shù)品的在線研究數(shù)據(jù)庫，他們?yōu)榇藙?chuàng)建了一個社交媒體標簽)”和“Anyonecouldsendpicturesofrelevantartworkanddetailsofplantswhentheyvisitamuseumorexhibitthroughthehashtag.(任何人在參觀博物館或展覽時都可以通過這個標簽發(fā)送相關(guān)藝術(shù)作品的圖片和植物的細節(jié))”可知，社交媒體標簽被創(chuàng)建是為了收集更多的與植物有關(guān)的繪畫作品，建立一個在線數(shù)據(jù)庫，提供研究資源。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Wheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanhelptrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.(小麥只是歷史藝術(shù)作品如何幫助追蹤糧食作物隨時間而變化的一個例子)”并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文通過在大都會藝術(shù)博物館展出的一幅1565年的繪畫作品“TheHarvesters”，看到了小麥的變化，反映了當時的農(nóng)業(yè)情況；并結(jié)合其它藝術(shù)作品，說明過去的藝術(shù)作品可以展現(xiàn)當時的農(nóng)業(yè)情況。故選D。DIfyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Nowresearchershavemadeprogressinunderstandinghowmammals’brainencodessocialrankandusesthisinformationtoshapebehaviors—suchaswhethertofightforthelastpizzaslice.Theydiscoveredthatanareaofthebraincalledthemedialprefrontalcortex(mPFC)wasresponsibleforrepresentingsocialrankinmammals;changestoamouse’smPFCaffecteditsdominancebehavior.ButitwasunknownhowthemPFCrepresentedthisinformationandwhichneurons(神經(jīng)元)wereinvolvedinchangingdominancebehaviour.Inthenewstudy,ProfessorKayTyeletgroupsoffourmiceshareacage.Somemicebecamemoredominantandothersmoresubordinate.Assoonasthemicewerepairedup,hediscovered,theactivityoftheirmPFCneuronscouldpredict—with90percentcertainty—therankoftheiropponent.“Weexpectedanimalsmightonlysignalrankwhentheyareinacompetition,”saysco-researcherNancy.“Butitturnsoutanimalswalkaroundwiththisrepresentationofsocialrankallthetime.”WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,andtheyalsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.Thewinnerwasnotalwaysthemoredominant,buttheoneengagedinawinningmindset.Justasyoumightsometimesbeinamorecompetitivemoodandbemorelikelytosnatchthatpizzaslicebeforeyourboss,asubordinatemousemightbeinamorewinningmindsetthanamoredominantmouseandendupwinning.TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankandwinningmindsetarenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedinwinningmindset.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceandwinningmindsetmaypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.“Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.32.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation. B.Tostatetheimportanceofsocialrank.C.Togivereadersanexampleofsocialrank. D.Tointroducethetopicofthereadingpassage.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph5referto?A.ThemPFCneurons. B.Theresearchers.C.Thebrainactivitypatterns. D.Thechangesinbehaviour.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthenewstudy?A.Brainactivitiescaninfluencesocialrank.B.Dominantopponentsboostwinningmindset.C.Socialrankandwinningmindsetaffectbehaviour.D.Animalsonlyexhibittheirrankincompetition.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Winningmindsetestablishesdominance.B.Socialrankguidescompetitivebehaviour.C.Asubordinatemousecanneverbeenawinner.D.Awarenessofdifferentpeoplearoundyoumakeyourbrainusedifferentneurons.【答案】32.D33.C34.C35.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員對大腦中一個叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域如何參與改變支配行為的研究，得出結(jié)論：處于“勝利心態(tài)”的人更容易成為具有統(tǒng)治力的人，意識到周圍不同的人會讓你的大腦使用不同的神經(jīng)元?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.Butifyou’rehungryandfeelingparticularlyconfident,youmightgoforit.”(如果你在派對上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會放棄。但是如果你餓了并且感覺特別自信，你可能會去拿披薩。)結(jié)合之后文章提出大腦中一個叫做內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉皮質(zhì)（mPFC）的區(qū)域負責代表哺乳動物的社會地位，可知作者寫第一段是為了引出一個主要話題。故選D項。【33題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“WhentheresearchersnextaskedwhethertheactivityofthemPFCneuronswasassociatedwithbehaviour,theyfoundsomethingsurprising.Thebrainactivitypatternswerelinkedwithslightchangesinbehaviour,suchashowfastamousemoved,and

they

alsocouldpredict—afull30secondsbeforethecompetitionstarted—whichmousewouldwinthefoodreward.”(當研究人員再次詢問mPFC神經(jīng)元的活動是否與行為有關(guān)時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些令人驚訝的事情。大腦活動模式與行為的輕微變化有關(guān)，例如老鼠移動的速度，它們還可以在比賽開始前整整30秒預(yù)測哪只老鼠會贏得食物獎勵。)可知研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦活動模式與行為密切相關(guān)，劃線部分的“they”指的是大腦活動模式。故選C項。【34題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheareasofthemPFCassociatedwithsocialrankand“winningmindset”arenexttooneanotherandhighlyconnected.Signalsonsocialrankimpactthestateofthebraininvolvedin“winningmindset”.Inotherwords,asubordinatemouse’sconfidenceand“winningmindset”maypartiallydecreasewhenfacedwithadominantone.”(mPFC中與社會地位和“獲勝心態(tài)”相關(guān)的區(qū)域彼此相鄰，高度相關(guān)。社會等級的信號會影響“獲勝心態(tài)”的大腦狀態(tài)。換句話說，當面對占優(yōu)勢的老鼠時，從屬老鼠的信心和“獲勝心態(tài)”可能會部分下降。)可知社會地位和獲勝心態(tài)可能會影響心態(tài)，從而影響行為。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ifyou’rereachingforthelastpieceofpizzaataparty,andmeanwhileseeanotherhandgoingforit,yournextmoveprobablydependsonhowyoufeelandwhomthehandbelongsto.Yourlittlesister—youmightjustgrabthepizza.Yourboss—youprobablywillgiveup.”(如果你在派對上伸手去拿最后一塊披薩，同時看到另一只手在拿，你的下一步行動可能取決于你的感覺以及那只手屬于誰。如果是你妹妹——你可能就去拿披薩。如果是你的老板——你可能會放棄。)；再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段““Thisisfurtherevidencetosuggestthatweareindifferentbrainstateswhenwearewithotherscomparedtowhenwe’realone,”saysTye.”(Tye說，這是進一步的證據(jù)表明，當我們和別人在一起時，與我們獨自一人時相比，我們的大腦狀態(tài)是不同的。)可知，我們大腦的神經(jīng)元會隨著周圍不同的人而發(fā)生改變。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）下面文章有五處需要添加小標題。請從以下選項中選出符合各段意思的小標題。選項中有兩項是多余選項。Climatechangehasincreasedaveragetemperaturesby1℃overthepastcentury,makingheatwavesmorefrequentandintensethanthosefromanyotherpointinrecordedhistory.____36____AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.Thefollowingiswhathappensifyou’rethenexttobekilled.First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.____37____Ifheatstrokeoccurs,yourbodymightgethotanddirectsomuchoxygen-richbloodtotheskinthatitsuffocates(把…悶死)vitalinternalorgans.Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.____38____Youmayfeelitstartasadullheadache.Beforelong,youmightloseconsciousness.Yourbrainmightbegintoswell.Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(發(fā)炎的)response.____39____That’sjustpartofwhatweknowabouthowextremeheatkillsyou.____40____Alotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.A.Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.B.That’sbecausewecan’tstudyitinhumansinthelaboratory.C.Astemperaturestickeverhigher,thatfiguremaywellrise.D.Atthattemperature,yourbrainbecomesaffected.E.Survivingtheorganfailuremightrequireanemergencytransplant.F.Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.G.Leftuntreated,whatfollowsisafloodoforganfailurethatleadstoyourdeath.【答案】36.A37.F38.D39.G40.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章解釋了極端高溫導致人類生病或死亡的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空后的“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2018.(發(fā)表在《自然氣候變化》雜志上的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，1991年至2018年期間，37%的熱相關(guān)死亡是由全球變暖造成的。)”可是，前文應(yīng)該強調(diào)的是熱浪造成死亡即二者之間的正關(guān)系。A選項“Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.(隨著氣溫迅速上升死亡人數(shù)也隨之上升)”符合語境，引起下文。故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Thenyourheart