供應鏈管理-第三版-Unit1-習題與答案

Chapter1UnderstandingtheSupplyChainTrue/FalseAsupplychainincludesonlytheorganizationsdirectlyinvolvedinsupplyingcomponentsneededformanufacturing.Answer:FalseDifficulty:ModerateAsupplychaincouldbemoreaccuratelydescribedasasupplynetworkorsupplyweb.Answer:TrueDifficulty:ModerateTheobjectiveofeverysupplychainistomaximizetheoverallvaluegenerated.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyEverysupplychainmustincludeall5stages.Answer:FalseDifficulty:EasyThecycleviewofasupplychainholdsthattheprocessesinasupplychainaredividedintoaseriesofactivitiesperformedattheinterfacebetweensuccessivestages.Answer:TrueDifficulty:ModerateThepush/pullviewofasupplychainholdsthattheprocessesinasupplychainaredividedinto2categoriesdependingonwhethertheyareinitiatedinresponsetoorinanticipationofcustomerorders.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyTheobjectiveofcustomerorderentryistomaintainarecordofproductreceiptandcompletepayment.Answer:FalseDifficulty:HardThereplenishmentcycleoccursattheretailer/distributorinterface.Answer:TrueDifficulty:HardThemanufacturingcycleoccursatthemanufacturer/supplierinterface.Answer:FalseDifficulty:ModerateTheprocurementcycleoccursatthemanufacturer/supplierinterface.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyThecycleviewofthesupplychainisusefulwhenconsideringoperationaldecisions,becauseitspecifiestherolesandresponsibilitiesofeachmemberofthesupplychain.Answer:TrueDifficulty:ModerateThepush/pullviewofthesupplychainisusefulwhenconsideringstrategicdecisionsrelatingtosupplychaindesign,becauseitcategorizesprocessesbasedonwhethertheyareinitiatedinresponsetoorinanticipationofcustomerorders.Answer:TrueDifficulty:ModeratePullprocessesmayalsobereferredtoasreactiveprocesses.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyPullprocessesmayalsobereferredtoasspeculativeprocesses.Answer:FalseDifficulty:EasyAllsupplychainactivitieswithinafirmbelongtooneofthreemacroprocesses–CRM,ISCMandSRM.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyThereisacloseconnectionbetweenthedesignandmanagementofsupplychainflowsandthesuccessofasupplychain.Answer:TrueDifficulty:EasyEssay/ProblemsExplainthe3decisionphases(categories)thatmustbemadeinasuccessfulsupplychain.Answer:The3decisionphasesthatoccurwithinasupplychainaresupplychainstrategy(ordesign),supplychainplanningandsupplychainoperation.Decisionsrelatetotheflowofinformation,productandfunds.Thedifferencebetweencategoriesdependsuponthefrequencyofeachdecisionandthetimeframeoverwhichithasanimpact.Duringthesupplychainstrategyphase,acompanydetermineswhatthechain’sconfigurationswillbe,howresourceswillbeallocated,andwhatprocesseseachstagewillperform.Thiswillestablishthestructureofthesupplychainforseveralyears.Supplychainplanningdealswithdecisionswithatimeframefrom3monthsuptoayear.Theplanningphasemustworkwithintheconstraintsestablishedinthestrategyphase.Planningdecisionsincludewhichmarketstosupplyfromwhichlocations,subcontractingofmanufacturing,inventorypoliciesandtimingandsizeofmarketingpromotions.Thesupplychainoperationphaseoperatesonaweeklyordailytimehorizonanddealswithdecisionsconcerningindividualcustomerorders.Difficulty:Hard答：決策的3階段發(fā)生在一個供應鏈的供應鏈戰(zhàn)略（或設計），供應鏈與供應鏈運作。決策與信息的流動，產(chǎn)品和資金。之間的差異類別取決于頻率的每一個決定和時間框架，它影響了。在供應鏈戰(zhàn)略階段，公司決定將鏈的配置，資源分配，和過程每個階段都會執(zhí)行。這將建立供應鏈結(jié)構(gòu)的幾年。供應鏈計劃涉及一個時間框架從3個月到一年。規(guī)劃階段必須工作的限制，建立在戰(zhàn)略階段。規(guī)劃的決定，包括市場的供應地點，轉(zhuǎn)包生產(chǎn)，庫存策略和營銷推廣的時機和規(guī)模。供應鏈運作階段運行在一個每周或每天的時間范圍和處理決定個別客戶的訂單。Describethecycleviewoftheprocesseswithinasupplychain.Answer:Thecycleviewdividesthesupplychainintoaseriesof4cyclesbetweenthe5differentstagesofasupplychain.Thecyclesarethecustomerordercycle,replenishmentcycle,manufacturingcycleandprocurementcycle.Thecustomerordercycleoccursatthecustomer/retailerinterfaceandincludesallprocessesdirectlyinvolvedinreceivingandfillingthecustomer.Thereplenishmentcycleoccursattheretailer/distributorinterfaceandincludesallprocessesinvolvedinreplenishingretailerinventory.Themanufacturingcycletypicallyoccursatthedistributor/manufacturer(orretailer/manufacturer)interfaceandincludesallprocessesinvolvedinreplenishingdistributor(orretailer)inventory.Theprocurementcycleoccursatthemanufacturer/supplierinterfaceandincludesallprocessesnecessarytoensurethatthematerialsareavailableformanufacturingaccordingtoschedule.Difficulty:Moderate答：周期視圖將供應鏈成一系列的4個周期之間的5個不同階段的供應鏈。周期客戶訂貨周期，補貨周期，制造周期和采購周期。客戶訂單周期發(fā)生在客戶/零售商的接口，包括所有進程直接參與接收和填補客戶。補貨周期發(fā)生在零售商\/分銷商的接口，包括所有過程中補充零售商庫存。制造周期通常發(fā)生在經(jīng)銷商\/制造商（或零售商或制造商）接口，包括所有過程中補充批發(fā)商（或零售商）庫存。采購周期發(fā)生在廠家/供應商接口，包括所有必要程序，確保材料可用于制造按時間表。Explainthepush/pullviewoftheprocesseswithinasupplychain.Answer:Thepush/pullviewofthesupplychaindividessupplychainprocessesintotwocategoriesbasedonwhethertheyareexecutedinresponsetoacustomerorderorinanticipationofcustomerorders.Pullprocessesareinitiatedinresponsetoacustomerorder.Pushprocessesareinitiatedandperformedinanticipationofcustomerorders.Thepush/pullboundaryseparatespushprocessesfrompullprocesses.Thisviewisveryusefulwhenconsideringstrategicdecisionsrelatingtosupplychaindesign,becauseitforcesamoreglobalconsiderationofsupplychainprocessesastheyrelatetothecustomer.Difficulty:Moderate答：推/拉的供應鏈供應鏈過程分為2大類的基礎上無論是執(zhí)行響應客戶訂單或預期顧客訂單。拉過程發(fā)起響應客戶訂單。推動進程發(fā)起和完成預期的客戶訂單。推/拉推拉過程進程邊界分隔。這種觀點是非常有用的時候考慮的戰(zhàn)略決策有關供應鏈設計，因為它迫使全球更多的考慮供應鏈流程，因為它們涉及的客戶。Explainthethreemacroprocesseswithinasupplychain.Answer:AllprocesseswithinasupplychaincanbeclassifiedintothreemacroprocesseswhichareCustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM),InternalSupplyChainManagement(ISCM),andSupplierRelationshipManagement(SRM).CustomerRelationshipManagement(CRM)includesallprocessesthatfocusontheinterfacebetweenthefirmanditscustomerssuchasmarketing,sales,callcentermanagementandordermanagement.InternalSupplyChainManagement(ISC