全套課件-會計英語

AccountingEnglishUnitOneLearningObjectives

UnitOnetodescribetheinformationsystemofaccounting;todescribetheprofessionofaccounting;tostatetheaccountingequation;todescribefinancialstatements;todescribeprofessionalethicsinaccounting.

Whatisaccounting?Isaccountingimportanttoyou?Yes,accountingisimportantinyourpersonallifeaswellasyourcareer,eventhoughyoumaynotbecomeanaccountant.Warming-up

UnitOneVocabulary

UnitOneaccountingaccountantbookkeepingenterprisebusinessdecisionmakingtransactioninvestorcreditorasset會計，會計學會計師，會計從業(yè)人員簿記企業(yè)商業(yè)，企業(yè)制定決策交易，經濟業(yè)務投資者債權人資產Vocabulary

UnitOneliabilityowner’sequity/capitalrevenueexpenseincomedouble-entrysystemAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(AICPA)ChineseInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(CICPA)負債所有者權益收入費用收益復式記賬美國注冊會計師協會中國注冊會計師協會Vocabulary

UnitOnefinancialaccountingmanagerialaccountingtaxaccountingaccountingequationbusinesstransactionethicsofaccounting財務會計管理會計稅務會計會計等式經濟業(yè)務會計執(zhí)業(yè)道德Notes

UnitOneClassifytheeffectsofsimilartransactionsinamannerthatpermitsdeterminationofthevarioustotalsandsubtotalsusefultomanagementandusedinaccountingreports.按照一定的方法將相似商業(yè)交易的影響進行分類，并將其加總或部分加總，以便提供給管理層和編制會計報告。Thedevelopmentofcorporationalsocreatedanewsocialneed–theneedforanindependentaudittoprovidesomeassurancethatmanagement’sfinancialrepresentationswerereliable.同時，公司的發(fā)展產生了一項新的社會需求，即需要獨立審計針對企業(yè)管理部門所呈報的財務報表是否可靠提供相應的鑒證。Notes

UnitOneCertifiedPublicAccountant(CPA)注冊會計師。他們是有資格執(zhí)行審計業(yè)務的專業(yè)人員，一般需滿足三個方面的條件才能獲得這種資格：（1）接受過專業(yè)教育，通常要有本科學歷，有的國家甚至要求更高的學歷;(2)具有一定期限的會計或審計工作經驗；（3）通過由專業(yè)會計團體舉辦的統(tǒng)一考試。注冊會計師在英國及英聯邦國家稱為CA，即CharteredAccountant.AmericanInstituteofCertifiedAccountants美國注冊會計師協會，簡稱AICPA，是美國全國性的民間會計專業(yè)團體，負責制定會計師執(zhí)業(yè)標準和規(guī)則，進行會計方面的科學研究并出版一些會計學刊物，組織并為會員提供繼續(xù)教育的機會，組織一年兩度的注冊會計師統(tǒng)一考試，在國際上有較大影響。Notes

UnitOneThesetofaccountingitemsandtheestablishmentofaccounts,therecordofbusiness,thepreparationofreportandthecalculationofalleconomicindexareallbasedonaccountingequation.會計科目的設置和賬戶的建立，經濟業(yè)務的記錄，報告的編制，以及各經濟指標的計算等等，都是以會計等式為依據的。Accountantshavearesponsibilitytoreportfavorableaswellasunfavorableinformationandtorefrainfromtakingactionswhichundermineanorganization’slegitimateandethicalobjectives.會計有責任報告與企業(yè)相關的全部信息，包括有利的和不利的信息，同時要抵制那些破壞企業(yè)的合法性和道德宗旨的行為。Notes

UnitOneDecisionsmadeoninformationprovidedbyaccountantscanmateriallyaffectthelivesoflivesofclientsandothers,oftenreferredtoasthirdparties,whichincludeemployees,creditors,investors,suppliers,customers,governmentandthegeneralpublic.會計決定披露哪些信息可能對企業(yè)客戶或其他人（我們稱之為第三方）的生活產生重大影響。第三方包括雇員、債權人、投資者、供應商、顧客、政府和公眾。Assets:currentassets,non-currentassets;fixassets,intangibleassets,etc.資產可以分為流動資產和非流動資產；固定資產和無形資產等。Exercises

UnitOneII.TermStudy.

MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.AB1.accounting2.publicaccountant3.CertifiedPublicAccountant4.privateaccountant5.objectivesoffinancialaccounting6.governmentaccountantA.provideusefulinformationfordecision-makingB.personmustpassaseriesofexaminationsandmeetcertainotherrequirementsC.workforoneemployerandofferservicessuchasaccounting,budgeting,andinternalauditingD.audittaxreturnsandaccumulatefinancialinformationforfederal,provincial,andmunicipalagencies.E.thelanguageofbusinessF.offerauditing,managementadvisory,andtaxservicesExercises

UnitOneIII.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Accountingisasystemofgathering,summarizingandcommunicatingfinancialinformationforabusinessfirm,governmentorotherorganization.()2.Accountingpracticesareintwomainfields–financialaccountingandmanagerialaccounting.()3.Accountingequationaccountsforthecommonquantitativerelationamongaccountingelements:Assets=Liabilities+Owner’sEquity()4.Accountantshaveanethicalobligationtomaintainonlymoralcompetence.TTFFExercises

UnitOneIV.Choosethebestanswer.1.Whichofthefollowingdescribeaccounting?A.islanguageofbusinessB.isaninformationsystemC.isusefuldecisionmakingD.alloftheabove2.Accountingisaninformationsystemthat_____.A.measuresbusinessactivitiesB.processesinformationintoreportsC.communicatesfindingstodecision-makersD.alloftheabove3.Accountinginformationisusedby_____.A.businessesB.governmentregulationagenciesC.laborunionsD.alloftheabove√√√Exercises

UnitOne4.Aproceduralelementofaccountingis_____.A.planningB.controlC.bookkeepingD.auditing5.Purposesofanaccountingsystemincludeallofthefollowingexcept_____.A.interpretandrecordtheeffectsofbusinesstransactionsB.classifytheeffectsoftransactionstofacilitatethepreparationofreportsC.summarizeandcommunicateinformationtodecisionmakersD.dictatethespecifictypesofbusinesstransactionsthattheenterprisemayengagein6.Anaccountingprocessincludesallofthefollowingstepsexcept_____.A.analyzingB.planningC.classifyingD.summarizing√√√Exercises

UnitOneV.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1.會計的作用是為決策提供財務信息。

Thefunctionofaccountingisdesignedtoprovidefinancialinformationfordecisionmaking.2.會計系統(tǒng)是管理信息系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分。Accountingsystemsaretheveryimportantpartofmanagementsystemofinformation.

3.企業(yè)外部的有關人士包括業(yè)主、銀行家、其他債權人、潛在投資者、工會、政府機構和公眾。Therelatedoutsidersofacompanyincludeowners,bankers,otherdebtors,potentialinvestors,laborunion,thegovernmentandthepublic.Exercises

UnitOne4、專業(yè)會計師

professionalaccountant5、經濟活動

businesstransactions6、會計信息

accountinginformationExercises

UnitOneVI.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Manypeopleandorganizationsuseaccountinginformationthataccountantsprepareinordertomakesounddecisions.That’swhyitisimportantforthesepeopletounderstandhowthisinformationiscreated.Tofacilitatecommunication,accountantsestablishregulationsthatbusinesspeoplecanusetoensuretheyaretalkingaboutthesamething.Suppose,abookstoresellsbooks:whenshouldtheaccountantrecordthesale–atthemomentthebooksareshipped(accrualaccounting)oratthetimethecashforthesebooksisreceived(cashaccounting)?Whetherthestoreownerusestheaccrualbasisaccountingorthecashbasisaccountingruleisnotimportantaslongasaruleisestablishedthatrequirestheownertodisclosewhichsystemofruleisbeingusedinthereportingprocess.AlltherulesofmeasurementforaccountingarecollectedinonegroupandcalledGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP).keyExercises

UnitOne

許多個人和組織為了做出正確的決策而使用會計信息。因此他們必須要理解這些會計信息是如何形成的，這一點非常重要。為了方便溝通，會計們建立了會計準則來確保在處理相同事項時能夠使用。例如：一家書店售書，會計應于何時確認銷售——是在書被發(fā)出的時候（權責發(fā)生制），還是收到書款的時候（收付實現制）？使用權責發(fā)生制還是收付實現制并不重要，只要建立一種規(guī)則，要求店主披露在報告過程中所使用的方法即可。所有的會計衡量準則都被收集在一般公認會計原則中。backAccountingEnglishUnitTwoLearningObjectives

UnitTwotonameelementsoffinancialstatements;todescriberelationshipofelementsoffinancialstatements;toanalyzebusinesstransactionsanddeterminetheireffectsinelementsoffinancialstatements;torecordeffectsofbusinesstransactionsonaccountsintermsofdebitandcreditfivedifferenttypesofaccounts;todescribetherulesofDouble-entryProcedure.

Ifacompany’sassetsincreaseby$20,000anditsliabilitiesdecreaseby$5,000,howmuchdidtheowner’sequityincreaseordecrease?Warming-up

UnitTwoVocabulary

UnitTwojargonsacrificemortgageclaimcontroversyinflowenhancementoutflowPeripheraldouble-entrybookkeeping某一行業(yè)學科中專用的術語損失抵押要求；索賠論戰(zhàn)，辯論；法律或財產價值的訴訟流入增強，促進流出外圍的；外部的復式記賬法Vocabulary

UnitTwoaccountingequationfundamentalequilibrium會計等式基礎的，基本的平衡，均衡Notes

UnitTwoTherelationshipbetweentheaccountingelementscanbeexpressedinasimplemathematicalformknownastheaccountingequation:assets=liabilities+owners’equity.Thisequationshowsthattheassetsofabusinessareequaltotheliabilitiesandowners’equity,itistheframeworkfortheentireaccountingprocess.會計要素之間的關系用一個簡單的數學等式，也就是我們所說的會計等式，可以表達為：資產=負債+所有者權益。這個等式表明了企業(yè)的資產等于負債和所有者權益的總和,這是整個會計程序中的基本框架。Notes

UnitTwoThebasicprincipleofdouble-entrybookkeepingisthatverytransactionhasatwofoldeffect.Inotherwords,avalueisreceivedandavalueisyieldedorpartedwith.Botheffects,whichareequalinamount,mustbeenteredcompletelyinthebookkeepingrecords.復式記賬的基本原理是每一項交易活動都有雙重的影響。換言之，有一項金額收入就必然有一項金額支出，兩者金額相等必然完整記入賬簿。double-entryaccountingsystem復式記賬會計制度。即從兩個方面反映一項經濟業(yè)務，在借貸兩方記錄相等的金額。在公元1300年，意大利北部城市首先使用復式記賬方法，1494年L·Pacioli所著的《算術、幾何和比例概要》一書，是闡述復式記賬法的第一本著作。復式記賬技術的產生在會計發(fā)展史上具有重大意義。復式記賬規(guī)則可以用會計恒等式來說明，即資產=負債+所有者權益。Notes

UnitTwoaccountingconventions會計慣例。會計慣例指在長期的會計實踐中逐漸形成的，為大家所接受的觀念、方法和程序。有時可與principles,concepts,postulates,assumptions通用。accountingpractice

會計實務。會計實務是指會計人員在日常工作中所使用的會計程序和方法；或指會計人員在其日常工作中的習慣做法，有時可能有悖于理論。accountingequation會計等式，會計平衡式，也稱balance-sheetequation，即資產=負債+所有者權益，是復式記賬方法的理論依據。Exercises

UnitTwoII.TermStudy.

MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.AB1.assets2.liabilities3.equityornetassets4.investmentsbyowners5.distributionstoowners6.comprehensiveincome7.revenues8.expenses9.gains10.lossesA.landB.lossesfromincidentaltransactionsofanentityC.changeinequityofanentityfromtransactionsandcircumstancesfromnon-ownersourcesD.residualinterestintheassetsofanentityE.increasesinequityfromperipheraltransactionsofanentityF.notespayableG.salesH.interestpaidtobankI.distributionsofCashdividendstoownersJ.servicesreceivedasinvestmentsbyownersExercises

UnitTwoIII.SupplythemissinginformationinthefollowingstatementsandtranslateitintoChinese.

(1)Double-entrybookkeepingisasystembywhicheach①_______hastwosides,a②_____sideanda③_____side,andeach④_________isenteredtwice,asadebitinoneaccountandasacreditinanother.Theruleis:debitthereceiver,creditthe⑤_____.Everydebitmusthaveacorrespondingcreditandeverycredita⑥_____.Ifallthe⑦_______havebeencorrectlymade,thetotalofallthedebitsmustatanytimeequal⑧______.(2)Anaccountingequationisanexpressionoftherelationshipbetweenthe①_____and②_______and③___________ofanenterprise.ItisstatedasAssets=④______+⑤________.Thetwosidesmustalways⑥_____.account

debit

credit

transactionsender

debit

accounts

credits

assets

liabilities

owners’equityLiabilitiesOwners’equity

balance

Exercises

UnitTwo(3)Abalancesheetisastatementthatshowsthe①_____,②________and③___________ataspecificdate,usuallyattheendofthefinancialyear.(4)Anincomestatement,alsoknownasprofitandlossstatement,isasummaryofthe①_______,②_______and③_________ofabusinessforaspecificperiodftime.assets

liabilities

owners’equityrevenueexpensesnetincome

AccountingEnglishUnitThreeLearningObjectives

UnitThreetounderstandeconomiceventsandbusinessdocuments;tomakejournalentries;topostjournalentriestoledgers;toprepareatrialbalance;todescribetheneedforadjustment;tomakeadjustingentries.

Inacomputerizedaccountingsystem,thesoftwareautomaticallyrecordsandpoststransactions.Theledgerandsupportingrecordsaremaintainedincomputerizedmasterfiles.Inaddition,aworksheetisnormallynotprepared.Sotheaccountingprocessthatbeginwithanalyzingandjournalizingtransactionsandendswithsummarizingandreportingthesetransactionsiscalledtheaccountingcycle.Warming-up

UnitThreeVocabulary

UnitThreemulti-stepaccountingcyclesummarizearbitrarilyjournalizejournalledgertrialbalanceaccrualbasis多步驟的會計循環(huán)概述任意地記賬日記賬分類賬試算平衡表權責發(fā)生制Notes

UnitThreeaccountingperiod:會計期間，亦稱fiscalperiod。根據持續(xù)經營假設，將不斷循環(huán)的經營過程劃分為適當的時間段落，而在每一段落結束時，辦理一次結算，這種劃分時間段落作為計算盈虧的時間單位，稱為會計期間。會計期間可以與日歷年度一致，也可以與日歷年度不一致。Postingistheprocessofcopyingjournalentryinformationfromthejournaltotheledger.過賬是將分錄信息從日記賬過入分類賬的過程。Notes

UnitThreeTheequalityofdebitsandcreditsintheledgeristestedperiodicallybypreparingatrialbalance,whichliststhebalanceineachaccountafterthepostingprocesshasbeencompleted.總分類賬的借貸平衡是通過定期編制試算平衡表來測試的，其中列出每個賬戶全部過賬后的余額。Tomeasureincome,businessesmustapplyaccountingprinciplesandconcepts,suchastheaccountingperiod,accrual-basisaccounting,therevenueprinciple,andthematchingprinciple.為了衡量收入，企業(yè)必須采用一些會計原則和概念，如會計期間、權責發(fā)生制、收入原則、配比原則等。Notes

UnitThreeAccrual-basisaccountingrequirestheaccountantentersthetransactionswhenthebusinessperformsaserviceorincursandexpense.Theeffectofeverytransactionisrecordedwhenthetransactionoccurs,notjustwhencashisreceivedorpaid.Theaccrual-basisaccountingisthemoreaccurateandcommonmethodused.權責發(fā)生制對基礎的會計要求在提供勞務和發(fā)生費用時記錄經濟交易。在交易發(fā)生時予以記錄而不論款項是否收付。權責發(fā)生制更加精確而且常用。Notes

UnitThreeGAAP:GeneralAcceptedAccountingPrinciple一般公認會計原則1937年美國會計程序委員會（CAP）發(fā)表第一號會計研究公告，開創(chuàng)了由政府機關或行業(yè)組織頒布“一般通用會計”的先河。一般通用會計原則是指適用于各個不同行業(yè)的企業(yè)的，包括從會計的基本概念、基本假設等基本原理到具體會計計量和編制財務報表的程序及方法的規(guī)定。通常一個國家的會計體系就是指一般通用會計。一般可以分為國際性和區(qū)域性的，如美國的叫USGAAP，中國的就是2006年新頒布的會計準則，一般由專門的會計準則委員會制定balancesheet:資產負債表反映特定時日財務狀況的報表，反映資產總額等于負債總額加所有者權益的平衡關系，是主要的會計報表之一。Exercises

UnitThreeI.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Journalentriesaremadebeforetheyhavebeenenteredintotheledgeraccounts.

()2.Thepostingreferencecolumnofajournalorledgershouldnotbeemptyuntilpostingisdone.()3.Theequalityofatrialbalancemeansthattherearenoerrormadeinthepreviousaccountingprocedures.()4.Thetrialbalancewouldlocatethefollowingerror:AmachinewaspurchasedforcashbutinsteadofcreditingCash,thecreditwasmadetoAccountsReceivable.()5.Steps1-3intheaccountingcyclearecompletedattheendofeachaccountingperiod.TFTFFExercises

UnitThreeII.Choosethebestanswer.1.TraylorCompanypaid$2,850onaccount.Theeffectofthistransactionontheaccountingequationisto_____.A.Decreaseassetsanddecreaseowner’sequityB.Increaseliabilitiesanddecreaseowner’sequityC.HavenoeffectontotalassetsD.Decreaseassetsanddecreaseliabilities2.NotePayablehasanormalbeginningbalanceof$30,000.Duringtheperiod,newborrowingstotal$63,000andtheendingbalanceinNotePayableis$41,000.Determinethepaymentsonloansduringtheperiod._____.A.$74,000B.$52,000C.$134,000D.Cannotbedeterminedfromtheinformationgiven√√Exercises

UnitThree3.Whichoftheseis(are)anexampleofanassetaccount?_____.A.Cash B.AccountsreceivableC.InvestmentsD.Alloftheabove4.Whichofthesestatementsisfalse?_____.A.IncreasesinassetsandincreaseinrevenuesarerecordedwithadebitB.Increasesinliabilitiesandincreasesinowner’sequityarerecordedwithacreditC.IncreasesinbothassetsandexpensesarerecordedwithadebitD.Decreasesinliabilitiesandincreasesinexpensesarerecordedwithadebit√√Exercises

UnitThree5.TheendingCashaccountbalanceis$57,600.Duringtheperiod,cashreceiptsequal$124,300.Ifthecashpaymentsduringtheperiodtotal$135,100,thenthebeginningCashamountmusthave_____.A.$68,400B.$46,800C.$181,900D.Cannotbedeterminedfromtheinformationgiven√AccountingEnglishUnitFourLearningObjectives

UnitFourtoprepareadjustedtrialbalance;tousetheworksheet;tocloseentries;topreparepost-closingtrialbalance;tounderstandpreparingreversingentriesisanoptionalprocess.

Inthepreviousunit,wedescribedandillustratedtheanalysisandrecordingoftransactions,postingtotheledger,etc..Inthisunit,wecompleteourdiscussionoftheaccountingcyclebymakingadjustments,preparingatrialbalance,preparingfinancialstatements,etc..Warming-up

UnitFourVocabulary

UnitFourapportionoutlayaccrueadjustedtrialbalancereflectequalityworksheetfacilitateduplicationclosingentries分派，分攤費用，花費；支出自然增加調整后試算平衡表反映相等工作表促進加倍，重復結賬分錄Notes

UnitFourrevenuerecognitionprinciple收入確認原則Theadjustedtrialbalanceispreparedaftertheadjustingentrieshavebeenjournalizedandposted.Itistheonethatreflectsrevisedaccountbalanceduetotheend-of-periodadjustments.Theadjustedtrialbalanceservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthefinancialstatements.在調整分錄全部登記入日記賬并過賬后需編制調整后的試算平衡表。它反映了經期末調整后修正的賬戶余額，調整后的試算平衡表將作為編制財務報表的基礎。Notes

UnitFourInactualpractice,aworksheetispreparedtofacilitatethepreparationofformalfinancialstatements,itisusedtogatherinformationonadjustmentsandaccountbalancesforthefinancialstatements.在實踐中，工作底稿是為了便于編制正式的財務報表而編制的，是用以歸集財務報表所需的賬戶余額及調整信息。Exercises

UnitFourI.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTfortrueandFforfalse.()1.Ifattheendofanaccountingperiodthereisadebitbalanceintheincomesummaryaccount,thismeansthattherevenuehasexceededexpense.()2.Theimportantroleoftheworksheetistoaidtheaccountantbybringingtogetherallthedataneededforpreparingfinancialstatements.()3.EnteringtheadjustmentsintheAdjustmentscolumnofaworksheetmakeitunnecessarytorecordandpostadjustingentries.()4.Thepost-closingtrialbalanceisthelastcheckontheequalityofdebitsandcreditswithinthegeneralledger,beforestartinganotheraccountingperiod.()5.Aworksheetisasubstituteforthefinancialstatements.FFTTFExercises

UnitFourII.Choosethebestanswer.1.During2007,BustamanteCo.incurredsalaryexpenseof$240,000.BeginningandendingSalaryPayablewas$4,000and$8,000,respectively,In2007,Busatamantepaidsalariesof_____.A.$248,000B.$240,000C.$236,000D.$244,0002.During2007,Busatamantereceived$600,000forservicerevenue.Bustamantehasnotreceived$30,000forservicesalreadyperformedin2007.Busatamantealsoinvested$20,000intothebusiness.Busatamanteshouldreportservicerevenuefor2007of_____.A.$550,000B.$570,000C.$580,000D.$630,000√√Exercises

UnitFour3.Recordinganexpensewhenitispaidinsteadofwhenincurredisaviolationof_____.A.ThematchingprincipleB.ThetimeperiodconceptC.ThereliabilityconceptD.Therevenueprinciple4.OnJuly31,$3,600ispaidforaone-yearinsurancepolicy.OnDecember31,theadjustingentryforprepaidinsurancewouldinclude_____.A.adebittoInsuranceExpense,$3,600B.acredittoCashC.adebittoInterestReceivableD.acredittoSalaryPayable√√Exercises

UnitFour5.Anadjustingentrycouldcontainallofthefollowingexcept_____.A.adebittoUnearnedRevenueB.acredittoCashC.adebittoInterestReceivableD.acredittoSalaryPayable√AccountingEnglishUnitFiveLearningObjectives

UnitFivetounderstandthedefinitionofassets;tounderstandtheclassificationofassets.

Onehospitalmaintainsanauxiliarygeneratorforuseinelectricaloutages.Suchoutagesarerare,andthegeneratorhasnotbeenusedforthepasttwoyears.Shouldthegeneratorbereportedasafixedassetonthishospital’sbalancesheet?Warming-up

UnitFiveVocabulary

UnitFiveintangibledeferredsubsequentadministrativeobligationconversioncategoryutilizationexpenditurerenovationsalvagedepreciationamortize無形的延期的后來的，其次的管理的；行政的義務變換；轉化；換算種類利用，使用支出，消費修理殘(貨價)值折舊攤銷，分期償付Notes

UnitFiveintangibleasset:assetsthataresaleablethoughnotmaterialorphysical無形資產，或稱immaterialasset。它是指沒有實物形態(tài)的資本性資產，其價值反映了企業(yè)所擁有的權益和未來的收益，如版權、專利、商標、信譽等。Currentassetsareassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedtocash,sold,orconsumedduringthenext12monthsorwithinthebusiness’normaloperatingcycleiflongerthanayear.Currentassetsofenterprisesshallincludecashonhand,cashinbank,marketablesecurities,receivable,prepaymentsandinventory.流動資產是預期能在一年或超過一年的一個營業(yè)周期內變現、出售或耗用的資產。企業(yè)的流動資產，包括庫存現金、銀行存款、有價證券、應收賬款、預付賬款以及存貨。Notes

UnitFiveReceivablesandprepaymentsincludenotesreceivable,accountsreceivable,otherreceivables,accountsprepaidandprepaidexpenses,etc.應收及預付款各項包括：應收票據、應收賬款、其他應收款、預付賬款、待攤費用等。Provisionforbaddebtsmaybesetuponaccountsreceivableandtheprovisionforbaddebtsshallbeshownasadeductionitemofaccountsreceivableinthefinancialstatement.

應收賬款可以計提壞賬準備金。壞賬準備金在會計報表中作為應收賬款的備抵項目列示。Inventoriesrefertomerchandise,finishedgoods,semi-finishedgoods,goodsinprocess,andallkindsofmaterials,fuels,containers,low-valueandperishablearticlesandsoonthatstockedforthepurposeofsale,productionorconsumptionduringtheproductionoperationalprocess.

存貨是指企業(yè)在生產經營過程中為銷售或耗用而儲存的各種資產，包括商品、產成品、半成品、在產品以及各類材料、燃料、包裝物、低值易耗品等。long-termasset即long-livedasset,也是指固定資產。Furnitureandfixtures家具和裝修，家具指辦公所許的桌子、椅子、辦公柜等器具；裝修指室內壁紙、吸音板、吊燈等裝潢設施。Notes

UnitFiveFixedassetsrefertotheassetswhoseusefullifeisoveroneyear,unitvalueisabovetheprescribedcriteriaandwhereoriginalphysicalformremainsduringtheprocessofutilization,includingbuildingandstructures,machineryandequipment,transportationequipment,toolsandimplement,etc.固定資產是指使用年限在一年以上，單位價值在規(guī)定標準以上，并在使用過程中保持原來物質形態(tài)的資產，包括房屋及建筑物、機器設備、運輸設備、工具器具等。Notes

UnitFivetangibleasset有形的固定資產，也稱有實體的固定資產。它與無形固定資產構成固定資產總體。(本單元沒有,如果中間有plant)plantandequipment廠房和設備。這是指企業(yè)在生產和經營的過程中所使用的固定資產，包括土地、廠房、機器、設備、運輸工具等。與fixedasset和下文的property,plantandequipment意思一樣。狹義的plant是指廠房。Notes

UnitFiveExercises

UnitFiveI.

Choosethebestanswer.1.Whenspecificfundsareborrowedtopayforconstructionofassetsthatqualifyforcapitalizationofinterest,theexcessfundsnotneededtopayforconstructionmaybetemporarilyinvestedininterest-bearingsecurities.Interestearnedonthesetemporaryinvestmentsshouldbe:A.offsetagainstinterestcostincurredduringconstruction.B.usedtoreducethecostofassetsbeingconstructed.C.multipliedbyanappropriateinterestratetodeterminetheamountofinteresttobecapitalized.D.recognizedasrevenueoftheperiod.√Exercises

UnitFive2.Foranon-monetaryexchangeofplantassets,iftheexchangelackscommercialsubstance,accountingrecognitionshouldnotbegivento:A.alosswhentheassetsexchanged.B.againwhentheassetsexchanged.C.partofagainwhentheassetsexchangedandcashisreceived.D.nogainorloss.√Exercises

UnitFive3.Thebookvalueofanassetclassifiedasplantandequipmentisobtainedby:A.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtherevenuetheassethasproduced.B.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtheoriginalcostoftheasset.C.deductingaccumulateddepreciationfromtheoriginalcostoftheassetlessitssalvagevalue.D.deductingtheoriginalcostoftheassetfromitscurrentmarketvalue.√Exercises

UnitFive4.Plantassetspurchasedinexchangeforissuingazero-interest-bearingnoteshouldbeaccountedforatthe:A.facevalueofthenote.B.fairvalueoftheassetreceived.C.bookvalueoftheassetreceived.D.presentvalueofthenote.√Exercises

UnitFive5.Uponpurchaseofcertaindepreciableassetsusedinitsproductionprocess,acompanyexpectstobeabletoreplacetheseassetsbyadoptingapolicyofneverdeclaringdividendsinamountlargerthannetincome.Ifanetincomeisearnedeachyear,recordingdepreciationwillcoincidentallyresultinretentionofsufficientassetswithintheenterprise.Ifinliquidform,theseassetscouldbeusedtoreplacethosefullydepreciatedassetsif:A.pricesremainreasonablyconstantduringthelifeofproperty.B.pricesrisethroughthelifeofproperty.C.theretirementdepreciationsystemisused.D.obsolescencewasanunexpectedfactorinbringingaboutretirementoftheassetsreplaced.√Exercises

UnitFive6.WCompanydeterminesthataprintingpressusedinitsoperationshassufferedapermanentimpairmentinvaluebecauseoftechnologicalchanges.Anentrytorecordtheimpairmentshouldbetheexc