十大語法知識點(diǎn)（知識清單）-2024-2025學(xué)年譯林版英語五年級上冊

五年級上冊十大語法知識點(diǎn)一、名詞（單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)，不可數(shù)）1.單數(shù)a/an...如：abigumbrellaanumbrella(a.e.i.o.u)2.復(fù)數(shù)=1\*GB3①一般直接+s：=2\*GB3②以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾，加es=3\*GB3③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，加es=4\*GB3④不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：manmen，womanwomen，policemanpolicemenchildchildrenfootfeet，mousemice...兩人兩菜：negronegroes,heroheroespotatopotatoes,tomatotomatoes不可數(shù)soup,milk,bread,juice,tea,rice,pudding…二、代詞表（人稱代詞分為：主格和賓格）（物主代詞分為：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞）主格Iweyouhesheitthey賓格形容詞性物主代詞三、序數(shù)詞firstsecondthirdfourth...基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目onetwothreefour序數(shù)詞：表示順序基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法是：基變序，有規(guī)律,:一般詞尾加th;一二三，特殊記，結(jié)尾t,d,d；八去t,九去e,ve要用f替。整十?dāng)?shù)，先把ty變tie,再加th幾十幾，十位基數(shù)個位序如：Thereare____(three)floorsinmyhouse.Mybedroomisonthe_____(three)floor.四、加動詞原形（5種）和加to加動詞原形（）：★+動詞原形（5種）can/may(情態(tài)動詞）2.let3.please助動詞do/does/don’t/doesn’t5.shallwe...★+to+動詞原形（4種）want+to+動詞原形2.wouldlike+to+動詞原形3.time+to+動詞原形4.be+形+to+動詞原形★五、加動詞ing（6種）like/love2.go3.begoodat4.be5.How/Whatabout6.a...lesson注意：動詞ing形式也叫作動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞（ing）或動名詞，動詞原形變?yōu)閯釉~ing形式的規(guī)則：=1\*GB3①一般情況下，直接加ing=2\*GB3②以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e加ing：（除see以外）=3\*GB3③以輔元輔結(jié)尾，并且該元音字母有自己獨(dú)立的發(fā)音，則雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加ing★六、動詞三單形式(簡稱：動三單）動詞原形變?yōu)閯釉~第三人稱單數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下：=1\*GB3①一般直接+s：=2\*GB3②以s，x，sh，ch，o結(jié)尾，加es=3\*GB3③以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先變y為i，再加es=4\*GB3④不規(guī)則：havehas主語為三單時：肯定句句型：主三單+動三單...否定句句型：主三單+doesn’t+動原...一般疑問句句型：Does+主三單+動原...?特殊疑問句句型：特殊疑問詞組+does+主三單+動原...?七、相同意思不同用法的辨析1.（存在）有thereis/arehave/has前面必須有主語(擁有）如：____________threepigs____thefarm.They______big_______.2.和=1\*GB3①and(Mikeandhisfamily)oftengototheparkatweekends.=2\*GB3②with(Mike)oftengoestotheparkwith(hisfamily)atweekends.區(qū)分：動詞短語前用and;動詞短語后用with3.也=1\*GB3①tooHelikesreadingstoriestoo.=2\*GB3②alsoHealsolikesreadingstories.=3\*GB3③eitherHedoesn’tlikereadingstorieseither.區(qū)分：肯定句句中用also;肯定句句末用too;否定句中句末用either.4.許多=1\*GB3①alotof/lotsofIeatalotofsweets.=2\*GB3②alotBillyalwayseatsalot./Thanksalot.區(qū)分：修飾名詞用alotof/lotsof修飾動詞用alot5.Be動詞（is/am/are）=1\*GB3①Iam/youare=2\*GB3②單數(shù)/不可數(shù)用is=3\*GB3③復(fù)數(shù)用are6.如like前面有would，那么wouldlike表示想要（want）wouldlike（want）todosth.7.感嘆句：可單：What+a/an+形+可單！如：Whataniceturkey!不可數(shù)：What+形+不可數(shù)！如：Whatnicepudding!可復(fù)：What++形+可復(fù)！如：Whatniceturkeys!How+形容詞（+主+謂）！如：Hownice!八、易混淆詞匯1.who’s(是誰)he’s(他是)swimthere（跟be連用，譯為有；單獨(dú)用譯為那里那兒。）whose(誰的)his(他的)swingtheir(他們的)thereare有they’re他們是these這些pretty漂流的present禮物parent父或母2.職業(yè)類易錯詞teacherwriterworkerdrivercook動詞teachwriteworkdrivecook3.介詞：infrontof/between/beside/behind/under4.關(guān)于時間順序的詞first——next——then——finally九.易錯詞組1.playbasketballplaythepiano2.atChristmasonChristmasDay/Eve3.atsixo’clock4.inthemorning/afternoon/eveningthismorning/afternoon/eveninginwinter...on...day...5.看故事readstories/readastory6.故事書readstorybooks/readastorybook7.buy…forsb.make...forsb.write…tosb./send…tosb./give...tosb./show...tosb.lookat...看......lookafter...照顧......lookout=watchout當(dāng)心lookoutof...朝......看......9.onthetree(長在樹上)inthetree(外來物)10.aglassofmilk(單數(shù))twoglassesofmilk（復(fù)數(shù)）十.文化板塊CoffeeispopularinWesterncountries.西方國家流行咖啡。TeaispopularinChina.中國流行茶。IntheUK，thisisthegroundfloor.英國IntheUS,thisisthefirstfloor.美國C