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專題07細(xì)節(jié)理解題

--------------------苧內(nèi)容概覽'

01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)?思維腦圖

02考情分析?解密高考

03高頻考點(diǎn)?以考定法

考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

【高考解密】

命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題

命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題

命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題

【技巧解密】

【考向預(yù)測】

04核心素養(yǎng)?微專題

微專題如何通過還原法定位細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確答案

05創(chuàng)新好題?分層練

專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)?思維腦圖

直接信息題:直接信息題比較簡單,只需要題干關(guān)鍵

細(xì)詞定位,帶著問題找答案。

節(jié)

讀間接信息題:間接信息題的隱蔽性比較強(qiáng),正確選項(xiàng)需

解要將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的語義轉(zhuǎn)換或進(jìn)

題一步的歸納概括。。

數(shù)字計(jì)算題:數(shù)字計(jì)算題需要根據(jù)題干要求在原文中找

-到有關(guān)的數(shù)字信息進(jìn)行分析理解和簡單計(jì)算,確定答案。

2

02考情分析?解密高考

考點(diǎn)考查內(nèi)容高考考題設(shè)問

核心價(jià)值:2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、

高考英語試卷取材廣泛、體裁多樣,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞T26、T28、T33

全面發(fā)展,加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義先進(jìn)文化

細(xì)的考查,充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。2023年新高考全國II卷T21、T22、T23、

節(jié)第一,強(qiáng)化體美勞教育引導(dǎo),夯實(shí)全面發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。在體育T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35

融入試題方面,年新高考全國卷閱讀題選取運(yùn)動促

理2022II

進(jìn)心臟健康的語篇,寫作題選取一名殘疾學(xué)生積極參加跑2022.新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、

步比賽的語篇。這些語篇和材料旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高運(yùn)動意T32、T33

題識,保持身心健康。在美育融入試題方面,2022年全國甲2022年新高考全國II卷T21、T22、T23、

卷聽力題選取一位藝術(shù)鑒賞家談?wù)撟约航?jīng)歷的材料,閱讀T25、T26、T27、T29、T34

題選取介紹英國加的夫市藝術(shù)劇院的語篇,這些語篇旨在2021?新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、

引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加深對藝術(shù)的認(rèn)識,培養(yǎng)健康向上的審美情趣。T26、T27、T28、T32

在勞動教育融入試題方面,各套試卷的語篇包含了山區(qū)支2022年新高考全國II卷T21、T22、T23、

教、烹飪、做家務(wù)等信息,涉及多種工作場景,旨在引導(dǎo)T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、T33、T34

學(xué)生形成勞動觀念,在學(xué)習(xí)和生活中培養(yǎng)勞動精神。

第三,關(guān)注時(shí)代發(fā)展與生活實(shí)踐,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)。

2022年全國卷通過選取禁止開車使用手機(jī)、悉尼新舊文化

沖突、新媒體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國征收糖稅的

起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成

獨(dú)立思考的習(xí)慣,培養(yǎng)主動發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力;

通過選取高科技無人機(jī)在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用、鸚鵡識別物

體形狀的實(shí)驗(yàn)、人類語言發(fā)展的研究及與捉迷藏相關(guān)的兒

童心理發(fā)展實(shí)驗(yàn)等語篇,激發(fā)學(xué)生對科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)與研究的興

趣通;通過選取關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項(xiàng)目、勇救墜樓兒

童、修復(fù)父子親情關(guān)系等語篇,倡導(dǎo)友好互助、彼此關(guān)愛的

和諧人際關(guān)系。

學(xué)科素養(yǎng):

1.從話題選擇來看,近三年圍繞人與自然、人與社會、人

與自我三大主題全面考查英語綜合運(yùn)用能力,試題取材廣

泛、體裁多樣,進(jìn)一步體現(xiàn)考試對五育(德、智、體、美、

勞)全面發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)作用,加強(qiáng)對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、和

社會主義先進(jìn)文化的考查,充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂育人功能。

落實(shí)立德樹人,彰顯德育本色。

2.從命題方向及趨勢來看,全國卷試題高考英語試題整體

難度穩(wěn)定且適中,從教材出發(fā),強(qiáng)調(diào)主干知識的運(yùn)用以及

基本能力的考查。同時(shí)全國卷試題高考英語試題注重考查

學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)新能力以及解決實(shí)際問題的能力。

03高頻考點(diǎn)?以考定法I

考點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)理解題

??高考解密<<

命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題

典例01

[2023年全國乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBoston

in1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.Shemovedto

Virginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

【答案】D

【解析】文章最后一個(gè)人物介紹的第二句原詞出現(xiàn)thefirstAfricanAmericanwoman,可知,RebeccaLeeCrumpler

是第一個(gè)擁有醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國人。

典例02

(2023年新高考I卷A篇片段)

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat

1:00pmeveryday.(旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場出發(fā),每天下午1點(diǎn)開始)”可知,導(dǎo)游城市之旅從大壩廣場開

始。故選D。

典例03

【2023?新高考全國n卷】

A

YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughouttheyear.

Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.

ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)

Whetheryou5rehikingabackcountrytrail(〃、徑),camping,orjustenjoyingthepark'samazingwildlifefrom

theroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoy

yourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.

JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)

KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslong

asyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.

CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)

Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthe

canyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea'snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographers

continuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDrivefor

thisshorttalk.

PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)

Enhanceyourphotographyskills-joinYellowstone^parkphotographerforahands-onprogrammetoinspire

newandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.

6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.

7/10~~Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.

21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?

A.PhotographyWorkshops.

BJuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.

C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.

D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.

【答案】D

【文章定位】根據(jù)各個(gè)活動的時(shí)間“ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)"、"Junior

RangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)"、"CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)”及

""PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)“可知,答案為Do

命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題

典例01

(2023年新高考I卷B篇片段)

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria侈田菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。對原文多處信息整合。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethe

woodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclear

afterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonder

ifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,他喜歡

探索房子周圍的樹林,觀察大自然是如何解決問題的。例如,一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的

巖石后,往往變得清澈。長大后,約翰開始思考這個(gè)過程是否可以用來清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段

“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后,約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問題的生活中。為什么某些

植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌?哪些魚類會食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)?)”可知,約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

典例02

[2023年全國甲卷B篇片段】

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfrom

losinganydepositwhenatenancy(租期)comestoanend.Sheadds:"I'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalways

liketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroom

toavoidanychargeswhenFvemovedout.”

26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?

A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.

C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.

【答案】A

[解析]根據(jù)本段最后一句“"So,it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoid

anychargeswhenTvemovedout.可知,Terri是通過粉飾房間,讓它看起來像以前一樣,來避免被扣除

租房的押金的。

命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題

典例01

[2023全國乙卷C篇片段】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5Britonssaythatwatching

cookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawider

varietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredients

thanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheir

cookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK'sobsession

(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodare

broadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTVit'snolonger4CuncooF,forboys

tolikecooking.

10.Whichisthepercentageofthepeopleusingmorediverseingredientsnow?

A.20%.B.24%.C.25%.D.33%.

【答案】10.D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的"Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)than

theyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.,,(幾乎三分之——的人表

示他們現(xiàn)在使用的配料比以前更多,將近四分之一的人表示他們現(xiàn)在購買的配料質(zhì)量比以前更好。)可知,

三分之一左右的人,也就是33%左右的人,使用的配料比以前更多。故選D項(xiàng)。

典例02

【2018?全國I卷C篇片段】Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionofthese

languagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenby

manypeoplewhilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200

Languages:theAmericasabout1,000,Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNew

Guineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeans

thathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

34.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400

C.About2,400D.About1,200.

【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themedian

number(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewer

peoplethanthat.可知,目前世界上大約有6800種語言,但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400。故選

Bo

??技巧解密<<

細(xì)節(jié)理解題一般根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問,命題人往往通過對文章細(xì)節(jié)加以改寫來考查考生準(zhǔn)

確理解細(xì)節(jié)的能力。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例,幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的“半壁

江山”。這類題考點(diǎn)可以源自段內(nèi)的單句信息理解,也可以來自段落內(nèi)綜合信息的理解??疾閮?nèi)容涉及時(shí)間、

地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類的細(xì)節(jié)。

常見的命題方式通常有:

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;

2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年這種題型較少;

3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式;

4.以填空題的形式,如:

(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.

(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat.

(3)Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

(4)Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople'slifewillbe,youmayvisit.

(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat.

(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening^^toRollswantedto.

5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。

做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí),大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢,缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧,考生要培養(yǎng)

自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時(shí),不必通篇細(xì)看原文,而常??刹扇 皫е鴨栴}找答案”的方法.先

從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié),就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查

讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句.仔細(xì)品味,對照比較.確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀

法(scanning)外,還可以兼用排除法.將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除。

了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下,干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):

(1)是原文信息,但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容;(2)符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容;(3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相

似,只是在程度上有些變動;(4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反;(5)部分正確,部分錯(cuò)誤。

有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對客觀的事實(shí)作出解釋或判斷,只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲

取信息。同時(shí)還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié),在必要的時(shí)候(做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時(shí)候)能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地

將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息,直接得出答案,但要注意往往答案與原

文中的語句并非一模一樣,而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有

關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來獲取信息,然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系

將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理,方能做出正確的判斷.此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。

??考向預(yù)測<<

考向01-直接信息題

(2023上?吉林通化?高三梅河口市第五中學(xué)??计谥校〢dolescence(青春期)isastressfultime.From

friendstofamilies,fromhometoschool,stressfulsituationsbecomecommon.Now,anewstudyshowsan

unexpectedfactor(因素)mightcauseteenstorespondstronglytostress.

JonasMiller,apsychologistatStanfordUniversity,wantedtoknowwhetherairpollutionmightaffectteens'

responsetostress,histeamrecruited(招募)144tweensandteensforthestudy,mostofwhomlivedinornearSan

Francisco,whichranksamongthetenU.S.citieshavingtheworstairquality.Theresearchersuseddataonair

pollutioncollectedbythecitytoseehowpollutedtheairwasneareachrecruifshome.Theythencollected

physical,andsocialinformationaboutthestudentsandinvitedthemtoparticipateinastressfuf.test.

Beforethetest,theresearchersusedsensorstorecordparticipants5heartrateandsweatlevelsforfive

minutes-astheyrested.Thenthetestbegan.Aresearcherreadaloudthebeginningofastoryandtoldeach

participanttomakeupanexcitingending,whichtheywouldhavetomemorizeandpresentaloudtoajudge.After

finishingthistask,thejudgehadtheparticipantdomathproblems.Iftheymadeamistake,theyhadtostartover.

Thewholetime,sensorsrecordedheartrateandsweatlevels.

Atrest,allthestudentshadsimilarheartratesandsweatlevels,Millerfound.Butasthetestgottough,kids

fromneighborhoodswithmoreairpollutionreactedmorestronglytostress.Theirheartbeatsbecameirregular.

Theysweatedmorethanteenswholivedincleanerplaces.

Millerlookedatotherpossiblecausesofthosestrongreactionsinthestudents.includingtheirheightand

weight,stageofadolescence,familyincomeandneighborhood.Noneofthemexplainedthestrongerstress

response.Suchresponsesarelinkedtonegativefeelings,Millernotes.Overtime,theseresponsescan"'contributeto

problemswithbothphysicalandmentalhealth^^.

“Thisisaninterestingstudy,“saysAnjumHajat,anepidemiologistwhostudiesthecausesofdisease.Miller's

study''providesuniqueevidenceofthenegativehealthimpactsofairpollutionamongadolescents,Hajatsays.

2.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointhestressfultest?

A.Retellanexcitingstory.B.Inventanendingtoastory.

C.Makeupanamusingstory.D.Findthemistakesinastory.

3.WhatdidMillertakeintoconsiderationwhenanalyzinghisresearchresults?

A.Parents5income.B.Parents9education.

C.Children9smentalhealth.D.Child-parentrelationship.

【答案】2.B3.A

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Aresearcherreadaloudthebeginningofastoryandtoldeachparticipantto

makeupanexcitingending,whichtheywouldhavetomemorizeandpresentaloudtoajudge”可知,在壓力測試

中,一位研究人員會大聲朗讀故事的開頭,然后讓每個(gè)參與者編出故事的結(jié)尾,并大聲敘述給評委。故選B。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"Millerlookedatotherpossiblecausesofthosestrongreactionsinthe

students,includingtheirheightandweight,stageofadolescence,familyincomeandneighborhood”可知,Miller

還研究了其他可能導(dǎo)致青少年強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)的因素,包括他們的身高和體重、處于青春期的哪個(gè)階段、家庭收

入和鄰里關(guān)系。A項(xiàng)“Parents,income.(父母收入)”屬于家庭收入。故選A。

考向02-間接信息題

(2023?四]\|成都?校聯(lián)考二模)AteamofresearchersattheChineseAcademyofSciences,hasdevelopedan

artificialfingerthatwasabletoidentifycertainsurfacematerialswith90%accuracy.

Intheirpaperthegroupdescribeshowtheyusedtriboelectric(摩擦電)sensorstogivetheirtestfingeran

abilitytogainasenseoftouch.Previousresearchhasledtothedevelopmentofroboticfingersthathavetheability

torecognizecertainattributesofcertainsurfaces,suchaspressureortemperature.However,theteamhastakenone

stepfurtherbyaddingtheabilitytoidentifyamaterialitself.

Thefingerwascreatedbyapplyingsmallsquaresensorstothetipofafinger-shapedobject:Eachofthe

squareswasmadeofadifferentkindofplasticpolymer(聚合物),eachchosenbecauseoftheiruniqueelectrical

properties.Whensuchsensorsaremovedclosetoanobject,electronsfromthesensorsinteractwithmaterialsin

uniqueways.

Thesensorsbeneaththepolymerwereallconnectedtotheirownprocessors(處理器)insideofthefinger,

whichwerethenconnectedtogethertoallowforcomparisonofresults-andformachinelearning-baseddata

analysis.TheresearchersalsoattachedatinyLCDscreenfordisplayingresults.

Theresearchersthentestedtheirfingerbyhavingittouchvariousflatsurfacessuchasthosemadeofglass,

wood,plasticandsilicon.Theyfounditcapableofidentifyingtherightmaterial96.8%ofthetime,witha

minimumaccuracyof90%forallofthesurfaces.Theresearchersalsotestedthefingerforenduranceandfound

thatitheldupwellenoughforindustrialapplications.

Theresearchersthinkthattheirfingercouldbeconnecteddirectlytoacontrolmechanisminindustry.They

alsonotethatsuchafingercouldalsobeusedonafull-sizedhumanrobot.Theypointoutthatthetechnologycould

likelybeusedinprosthetic(假肢)devicestohelprestoreacertaindegreeoftouchforpeoplewhohavelostsuch

anability.

10.Whatcanwelearnabouttheartificialfinger?

A.Thesensorsinthefingercandotheanalysisthemselves.

B.Theplasticpolymerchosenhasthe'sameelectricalproperties.

C.Theelectronscanreactwiththesurfacethatthefingertouches.

D.Electronsfromitssensorscandifferentlyinteractwithmaterials.

11.Howdidtheresearcherlearnabouttheresults?

A.AnLCDscreenwillshowthemtheresults.

B.Theartificialfingercandisplaytheresultsdirectly.

C.Theycanworkouttheresultsusingspecialsoftware.

D.Processorsinsidethefingerwillsendthemmessages.

【答案】10.D11.A

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Whensuchsensorsaremovedclosetoanobject,electronsfromthesensorsinteract

withmaterialsinuniqueways.(當(dāng)這種傳感器靠近物體時(shí),來自傳感器的電子以獨(dú)特的方式與材料相互作用)”

可知,來自傳感器的電子與材料的相互作用方式不同。故選D。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"TheresearchersalsoattachedatinyLCDscreenfordisplayingresults.(研究人員

還安裝了一個(gè)微小的LCD屏幕來顯示結(jié)果廠可知,液晶顯示屏?xí)@示結(jié)果。故選A。

04核心素養(yǎng)?微專題

如何通過還原法定位細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確答案

1.定位詞的選用

(1)特殊定位詞

在很多題目當(dāng)中會出現(xiàn)人名、地名、數(shù)字、年份和大寫字母縮寫這五類特殊詞。因?yàn)樗鼈兊奶攸c(diǎn)是在

一篇多數(shù)是英文小寫字母的文章里非常的醒目,所以很快就能夠做到精確定位。

[示例1]

HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,

Gordon'sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey5reclosetoa

solution(解決方案).“Wedon'tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,“says

FlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.

33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?

A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.

B.Tosharpenstudents5communicationskills.

C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.

D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.

【答案】D

【解析】本題可以根據(jù)特殊定位詞HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句"HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthigh

schoolclassroomsw汕NASAengineers.”可知,HUNCH項(xiàng)目的目的是把學(xué)校教育與航天技術(shù)聯(lián)系在一起,故

答案為D。

(2)普通定位詞

普通定位詞與特殊定位詞相比,出現(xiàn)的幾率更高。當(dāng)我們看到題中沒有特殊定位詞的情況下,要思考

的就是在這道似乎沒有啥重點(diǎn)的詞語中挑選出最能幫助我們快速找到定位的詞語??梢援?dāng)做定位詞的首選

是名詞,其次是動詞。

[示例2]

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.

B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.

D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

【答案】C

【解析】由于比較醒目人名MattTebbutt和Susanna在文中出現(xiàn)多次,所以不能作為定位詞。本題可以利用

題干中的動詞help來定位,從而找到原文信息“withthehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowto

reducefoodwaste”。

2.挑選定位詞的注意點(diǎn)

(1)文章中的高頻詞不能作為定位詞

定位詞的最大優(yōu)勢就是可以縮小閱讀范圍,如果我們定位了一個(gè)在文章中處處可能出現(xiàn)的詞語,那就

失去了定位的意義。

(2)定位詞和文中詞有可能是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換

在實(shí)際做題過程中還要注意,不是所有的題目都可以用定位詞來定位的。而且如果是遇到細(xì)節(jié)信息定

位題,很多時(shí)候定位詞的作用被削弱了,因?yàn)轭}目中的詞和文中的詞會以同義詞替換的形式出現(xiàn)。所以建

議考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位詞,另外一方面要提高自己的閱讀詞匯量,尤其是同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換,這樣才

能一擊必中,快速找到答案出現(xiàn)的地方解決問題。

[示例1]

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

Duration:3hours

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersof

Washington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswherethey

blossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability——andthecherryblossoms-disappear!

21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

【答案】A

【解析】本題可以用同義詞定位:bookinadvance=reserve"預(yù)約,'。根據(jù)第一條自行車旅行路線中的“Reserve

yourspotbeforeavailability一andthecherryblossoms一disappear!”可知,選擇這條自行車旅行路線需要提前

預(yù)訂。

05創(chuàng)新好題?分層練

(2023上?江蘇?高三江蘇省前黃高級中學(xué)??计谥校〤ampingtips:Whichovernightwilderness

experienceisrightforyou?

Ifyou'reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohavenever

sleptbeneaththestarsorhaven91pitched(搭建)atentsincetheiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingabout

overnightinginthewilderness.

Carcamping

Atitsmostbasic,carcampinginvolvespackingatent,sleepingbag,fold-upchair,coolerandcampstoveinto

yourvehicleandstayingatadrive-upcampground.Nearlyeverynationalpark,andmanystateandcountyparks

andprivatefacilities,offerdrive-upcampgroundswithrestrooms,potablewater,fireringsorpits,andmaybeeven

hotshowers.Sotherearelotsofchoices.

Thedownsideofcarcampingisthefactthatthesecampgroundsareoftenpackedwithothercampers.Nota

lotofprivacy,theycanbenoisy,andpossiblyhinder(阻礙)yourquestofcommuningwithnature.

Backpacking

Novehiclerequired;justyourfeetandagoodpairofhikingbootsorshoestogetyoutothenextovernight

spot.Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemostimmersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.

Differentfrommaybecarcamping,itrequirestheleastexpenseandequipment.Allyoureallyneedarea

backpack,sleepingbag,waterbottle,smallfirst-aidkit,enoughfoodtolasttheentiretravel.Itcanbedonejust

aboutanywhereontheplanet.

BoatCamping

Whilethisdoesinvolveowningorrentingawatercraftorusingaferryorwatertaxiservicetoreachthe

overnightsite,campingviacanoe,kayak,raftorboatoffersasimilarget-away-from-it-alladventureas

backpacking.

Experiencedpaddlersandboatersusuallyprefertocampontheirownalongaquietshoreline.Butmany

adventureorwildernessoutfittersofferguidedtripsthatcanlastanywherefromacoupleofdaystotwoorthree

weeks.Withaboat,youcansometimescampplacesthatnotevenbackpackerscanreach.

1.Whoaretheintendedreaders?

A.Red-bloodedmales.B.White-collarstaff.

C.Green-handcampers.D.Blue-bloodedtourists.

2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?

A.Boatcampingoffersthesameadventuresasbackpacking.

B.Backpackingallowsyoutocommunicatewithnaturedeeply.

C.Carcampingisthemosteconomicalwaytoexperiencenature.

D.Thedrive-upcampgroundsprovidepeoplewithprivateenvironment.

3.Inwhichcolumnwillyoufindthispassage?

A.Business.B.Entertainment.C.Style.D.Travel.

【答案】1.C2.B3.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要給露營新手介紹了幾種露營方式和建議。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Ifyou'reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.Thisarticleisforcamping

rookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven'tpitched(搭建)atentsincetheiryouthbutare

seriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.(如果你是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的背包客,不要再往下讀了。這篇

文章是寫給露營新手的,他們從年輕時(shí)就沒有在星空下睡過覺,也沒有搭過帳篷,但正在認(rèn)真考慮在野外

過夜。)”可知,這篇文章是寫給那些沒有在野外露營過,但是正在認(rèn)真考慮在野外露營的新手;由此可知,

這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者是露營新手。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Backpacking”下文介紹第一段中的“Amulti-dayhikingtripiswithoutdoubtthemost

immersivewaytoexperiencethegreatoutdoors.(多日徒步旅行無疑是體驗(yàn)戶外美景的最身臨其境的方式。)”

可知,背包旅行可以讓你以身臨其境的方式去體驗(yàn)戶外美景;由此可知,背包旅行可以親身體驗(yàn)戶外美景,

與大自然進(jìn)行深入的交流。故選B項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題"Campingtips:Whichovernightwildernessexperienceisrightforyou?(露營

小貝占士:哪種夜間荒野體驗(yàn)最適合你?)”以及第——段“Ifyou9reanexperiencedbackpacker,readnofurther.This

articleisforcampingrookies,thosewhohaveneversleptbeneaththestarsorhaven'tpitched(搭建)atentsince

theiryouthbutareseriouslythinkingaboutovernightinginthewilderness.(如果你是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的背包客,不要

再往下讀了。這篇文章是寫給露營新手的,他們從年輕時(shí)就沒有在星空下睡過覺,也沒有搭過帳篷,但正

在認(rèn)真考慮在野外過夜。戶可知,文章主要講的是針對于露營新手的幾種露營方式和建議;由此推知,你可

能在旅行板塊一欄找到這篇文章。故選D項(xiàng)。

(2023上?湖北?高三華中師大——附中??计谥校㊣n2022,campaigngroupFashionRevolutionChelseadye

gardenforitsChelseaFlowerShowpresentation.Anancientcraft,naturaldyeingisapracticewhosetimehas

comeagain,withhandtie-dyedfashionalsomakingacomebackinrecentyears.

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