湖北省武昌區(qū)2023-2024學年屆高三上學期元月期末調(diào)考英語試卷 （解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武昌區(qū)2023-2024學年屆高三上學期元月期末調(diào)考英語試卷第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題15分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Theshopkeepercanhelp.B.Heisnotinterestedinart.C.Heknowstheareaverywell.【答案】A【原文】M:Excuseme.Whereisthenearestsubwaystation?Iwanttovisittheartgalleryintown.W:Sorry,I'mafraidIcan'tbelp.I'mnotanativehere.Isuggestthatyouasktheshopkeeperintheclothingstoreacrossthestreet.M:Thanks.2.Whichpartofthespeechshouldthemanimprove?A.Thevocabulary. B.Thepronunciation. C.Thelogic.【答案】C【原文】M:Helen,whatdoyouthinkofmyspeech?W:Well,youusedtherightwords,andyourpronunciationwasquiteallright.Butyoumadesomestatementsthatdidn'tmakeanysense.M:Isee.Iwillworkonthatpartnexttime.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Annoyed. B.Concerned. C.Confused.【答案】A【原文】W:Comeon.Let’smovetoanothertable.M:What’swrong,Beatrice?It’sinconvenientforustomoveourbags,booksandpens.W:You’reright.Butlook,themannexttousissmokinghereinthelibrary.Ican’tstandit.Iwillfindsomeoneincharge.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inahospital. B.Inagrocerystore. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】B【原文】W:Ifyoudon'tneedanythingelse,wewillgotothecheckoutthere,Honey.M:Hmm,Istillwantsomeoranges.Theylooksofresh.W:Sure,theweatherisdrythesedays.Yourdadoftencoughsinthemorning.Orangesmaybehelpful.5.Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Herring. B.Theglass. C.Thetable.【答案】C【原文】W:Oh,no.Itoldyounottoputyourcupsdirectlyonthetable.Thatleavesaringonthewood.Useoneofthosecoversoverthere.M:Weshouldjustgetaglasstable.Andwewouldn'tneedcovers.W:Noway.Thisisanantique.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或讀白，每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Makeareservation. B.Changehisflight. C.Cancelhisorder.7.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.OnJanuary13th. B.OnJanuary14th. C.OnJanuary15th.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】W:ReservationCenter.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Yes.It'saboutmyplaneticket.W:MayIhaveyourname,please?M:MynameisZhangRui.Infact,IhaveareservationonFlightNo.125forZhenjiang,leavingBeijingat2:00p.m.tomorrow.NowI'dliketomakeachangeofmytravelschedule.W:Whendoyouplantomakeit?M:Isitpossibletochangemybookingtothedayaftertomorrow?W:Yes.YouarereconfirmedonFlightNo.125forZhenjiang,leavingBeijingat2:00p.m.onJanuary15th.M:Thanksalot.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatdoesthewomanwanttochange?A.Thetimeofthemeeting.B.Thesubjectofthemeeting.C.Thelocationofthemeeting.9.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Bossandemployee. C.Teacherandstudent.【答案】8.A9.C【原文】W:Oh,Philip,weweresupposedtomeetearlierthismorningtodiscussyourschoolwork,weren'twe?M:Yes,that'sright.W:I'msorryIcouldn'tbeatmyoffice.Ihadtosortoutaprobleminacanteen.Couldwemeetthisafternoon?M:Idon'tthinkIcan.Ihavedoublephysicsandthenmathsthisafternoon.W:Okay,howaboutlunchtime?M:That'sfine.W:Itwon'ttakelong.Ijustwanttogothroughyourprogresssofar.Idon'tthinkthereareanyproblemswithyourwork,arethere?M:No,everything'sfineasfaras'mconcerned.W:Well,stillcomealongtomyofficewhenyou'reready.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toconfirmthebill.B.Toprovideroomservice.C.Toremindherofcheckout.11.Whenisthewomansupposedtoleave?A.Before11:30a.m. B.Beforenoon. C.Before2:00p.m.12.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheman?A.Energetic. B.Experienced. C.Understanding.【答案】10.C11.B12.C【原文】M:Hello,Ms.Lee?W:Yes,speaking.M:I’mjustcallingtoremindyouthatyoumustcheckoutbynoon.W:Oh,mygoodness,it’salready11:30a.m.M:Thereisa30-dollarextrafeeforlatecheckout.W:Doyouthinkyoucouldgivemeabreak?Ihadanawfulnightyesterday.M:Whathappened,Ms.Lee?W:Ijustlayinbedalmostsleeplessuntil6a.m.M:I’msorrytohearthat.W:So,IwaswonderingifIcouldcheckoutalittlelater.M:IthinkIcanmakeanexceptionthistime.Doyouthinkyouwillbeabletocheckoutby2:00p.m.?W:Noproblem.Thankyouverymuch.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.Whatkeepsthewoman’sbrotherfromswimmingmoreoften?A.Greatinterestinhangingout.B.Highcostofswimmingsuits.C.Longdistancefromthebeach.14.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthewoman’sbrother?A.Hehatesswimming. B.Helikesskateboarding. C.Heispractisingsurfing.15.Whichitemwillthewomanpayforatlast?A.Asurfboard. B.Askateboard. C.Aswimmingsuit.16.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Doingsports. B.Havingarace. C.Buyingagift.【答案】13.A14.B15.A16.C【原文】W:Hi!I’mlookingforapresentformylittlebrother'sbirthday,butI'mnotsurewhattogethim.M:Well,we'reintheskateboardsection,soisitaskateboardthatyou'rethinkingofgettinghim?W:I'mnotsure.He'sbeenskateboardingsincehewas5yearsold.M:Isee.Ifhealreadyhadaskateboard,howaboutsomethingabitdifferent?Doeshelikeswimming?W:Helovesit,buthe'salwaysoutwithhisfriends,sohenevergetstoswimthatmuch.It'sashamebecauseourhomeisonly5minutesfromthebeach.M:Howaboutgettinghimasurfboard?Ifhe'skeenonskateboarding,he'sgoingtolovesurfing.W:Whatagreatidea.He'sneverdoneitbefore,butIthinkit'sperfect.However,I'mthinkingthismaygetabitexpensiveifheneedsaswimmingsuit,too.M:It'syourluckydaybecausewearedoingadealatthemoment.Ifyoubuyasurfboard,theswimmingsuitcomesfree.W:Excellent.Mybrotherisgoingtolovethis.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。17.Whatisonebenefitofsellingonline?A.Itimprovesincome. B.Ithelpsthoseinneed. C.Itbroadensthemarket.18.Whatcanweknowaboutthebigplatforms?A.Theyoffernoinsurancetotheseller.B.Theychargethesellerforadvertising.C.Theyaren’treadilyaccessibletosellers.19.Whatshouldbeavoided?A.UsingaseparateE-mailaddress.B.Sellingitemsofgreatvalueonline.C.Meetingthebuyerataprivateplace.20.Howwillthesellerbebannedfromthewebsite?A.Bypresentingpersonalinformation.B.Byprovidingfalseaccountsofproducts.C.Bysellingproductsatanunreasonableprice.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【原文】M:Sellingyourthingsonlinehelpsyougetridofthoseyoudon'tneed,anditcanalsobeagreatsourceofincome.Onethingyouneedtoconsidercarefullyistheplatformonwhichyouaregoingtoadvertise.Mostbigplatformsinthefieldaresopopularwithsellers,notjustbecausetheycangiveyouaccesstoabiggerpoolofpotentialcustomers,butalsobecausetheyofferinsurance,bothtothesellerandthebuyer.Thedisadvantage,however,isthatyouwillneedtopaysomemoneyforusingtheplatform.Youcanusesomeplatformsthateitherchargeasmallerfeeforadvertisingorevennofeeatall.Butinthatcase,whatyouwillneedtokeepinmindisyoursafety,especiallyifthevalueoftheproductyou'resellingishigh.It'salwaysbesttomeetthebuyerduringthedayatapublicplacesuchasacoffeeshop,alibrary,orasupermarketparkinglotanywheremonitoredbysecuritycamerasisgood.Afewmorethingstokeepinmind:alwaysbeaccuratewithyourdescriptionsofthethingsyouareselling.Thelastthingyouwantistobeaccusedofcheatingandbannedfromthewebsite.Moreover,becarefulwithyourpersonalinformation:donotgiveawayyourfullname,homeaddressorcellphonenumberunlessyouhaveto,andhaveaseparatee-mailaddressforsellingonline.Rememberthatasmart,preparedsellerisahappyseller.第二部分：閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheSelf-PortraitChallengeHaveyoueverdoneaself-portraitinanartlessonatschool?Today,we’rechallengingyoutowriteself-portraitpoems.It’snotuncommontofeellikethewaypeopleseeyouontheoutsidedoesn’tquitematchupwithhowyoufeelontheinside.Socreatingaself-portraitcanbeagoodopportunitytoaddressthosedifferencesandpresenttherealest,truestversionofyourself.Yourchallengeistocreateaself-portraitinlines,usingwordsinsteadofpaint.Readonforsomemoreinspiration.WritingTips●Haveagoatwritingalistofmetaphorsexploringyourphysicalappearance,startingfromyourheadandworkingyourwaydowntowardsyourfeet.●Insteadofrepresentingyourselfdirectly,takeonanothercharacter,suchasafictionalcharacter,ahistoricalfigure,orevenadifferentversionofyourself.●Playaroundwithpersonification,bytakingonthevoiceofaphysicalobjectinyourpoem.Thinkaboutwhataself-portraitfromthepointofviewofamirror,orabowlofyourfavouritefoodwouldlooklike?HowtoenterThischallengeisforwritersagedupto25basedanywhereintheworld.Thedeadlineis23:59GMT,17March2024.Youcansendapoem,orpoems,writtendown,orasvideooraudiofiles.WeareusingSubmittabletoacceptsubmissionstothischallenge.YouwillneedtomakeafreeSubmittableaccounttosubmitinthisway.UsingSubmittablehelpsourteamtoadministrateandprocessentriesmorequickly.SelectedpoetswillbepublishedonYoungPoetsNetwork.21.WhatdoestheSelf-portraitChallengeencourageparticipantstodo?A.Exploretrueselves. B.Conveypositiveemotions.C.Illustratepersonalprofiles. D.Comparedifferentpersonalities.22.Whatissuggestedtobetterhandlethechallenge?A.Usingsimplelanguage. B.Presentingyourselfdirectly.C.Takingadifferentpointofview. D.Focusingonphysicalappearance.23.Whatis“Submittable”likelytobe?A.Awritingtool. B.Asearchengine.C.Anemailaccount. D.Anonlineplatform.【答案】21.A22.C23.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了一個自畫像挑戰(zhàn)，解釋了其目的以及一些寫作建議。【21題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Socreatingaself-portraitcanbeagoodopportunitytoaddressthosedifferencesandpresenttherealest,truestversionofyourself.(因此，創(chuàng)作一幅自畫像是一個很好的機會，可以解決這些差異，展示最真實、最真實的自己)”可知，自畫像挑戰(zhàn)鼓勵參與者探索真實的自我。故選A?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WritingTips部分中“Thinkaboutwhataself-portraitfromthepointofviewofamirror,orabowlofyourfavouritefoodwouldlooklike?(想象一下，從鏡子的角度看一幅自畫像，或者從一碗你最喜歡的食物的角度看是什么樣子？)”可知，要更好地應對這一挑戰(zhàn)應該采取不同的角度。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WeareusingSubmittabletoacceptsubmissionstothischallenge.YouwillneedtomakeafreeSubmittableaccounttosubmitinthisway.UsingSubmittablehelpsourteamtoadministrateandprocessentriesmorequickly.(我們正在使用Submittable來接受本次挑戰(zhàn)的提交。您需要創(chuàng)建一個免費的Submittable賬戶以這種方式提交。使用Submittable可以幫助我們的團隊更快地管理和處理條目)”可推知，Submittable可能是在線平臺。故選D。BGrowingup,MaitriWadher,aleft-hander,hasstruggledtocopeinaworldmadeforright-handedpeople.Fromschooldeskstospiralnotebooksthatstopthenaturalflowofwriting,Maitrihasfacedtoughchallengesfromayoungage.“Mymotherusedtotiemylefthandandmakemeeatwithmyrightuntiladoctorwarnedthatthiscouldsignificantlyaffectmygrowthandconfidence,”Maitrisays.Thischildhoodexperiencehadgnawed(折磨)atthebackofhermind,pushinghertodosomethingtoeasethelivesoffellowleft-handers.InSeptember2018,shestartedTheLeftOutStore,whichmakeseverydayproductsrangingfromleft-handedwritingtoolsandscissorstokitchentoolsforleft-handedpeople.StartingTheLeftOutStorewasn’tinthecardsforMaitriforaverylongtime.TheideaforTheLeftOutStorecametoMaitriinjust20minutesduringafestivalatSt.Joseph’sInstituteofManagement,whereshewasapost-graduatestudent.Shepresentedtheroughideatojudgeswholaterbecamesponsors,andtheyenthusiasticallysupportedit.Thisencouragementgaveherthepushtomakeitamarketresearchprojecttotestthewatersandexplorethepotentialmarket.Initially,Maitrifacedafewhiccups.Ittookherquitesometimetofindvendors(小販)andmakethemunderstandhowtomaketheproducts.Witheverythinginplace,Maitriwentthroughatoughtimereachingcustomers.ThefirsttimeshemadeapropersalewasatanexhibitionatLalitAshok.“Peopleweresurprisedatfirst,butgraduallymoreleft-handedpeoplebeganapproachingme,andsaidtheyrelatetomystruggles.”Sincethen,shehasbeenregularlymarketingherproductsatexhibitions,andkeepsTheLeftOutStoreactiveonsocialmedia.24.WhatchallengedidMaitrifaceasaleft-handerwhilegrowingup?A.Unfairjudgement. B.Lackofparents’love.C.Limitedaccesstoeducation. D.Strugglewithschooltools.25.HowdidMaitriturnherideaintoareality?A.Byseekingstudentsponsors. B.Byconductingmarketresearch.C.Byexpandingthepotentialmarket. D.Bycarryingoutherlong-thoughtplan.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hiccups”probablymean?A.Barriers. B.Threats C.Complaints. D.Oppositions.27.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.ALeft-Hander’sStruggles B.Maitri’sMarketingStrategiesC.Maitri:ASocialMediaCelebrity D.TheLeftOutStore:Maitri’sJourney【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Maitri因為是左撇子，從小在學校遇到了很多困難。于是后來她萌生了創(chuàng)辦“左手商店”的想法，并通過努力付諸實踐?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Fromschooldeskstospiralnotebooksthatstopthenaturalflowofwriting,Maitrihasfacedtoughchallengesfromayoungage.(從學校的課桌到阻止書寫自然流暢的螺旋筆記本，Maitri從小就面臨著嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn))”可知，作為一名左撇子，Maitri在成長過程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)是與學校工具作斗爭。故選D?！?5題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thisencouragementgaveherthepushtomakeitamarketresearchprojecttotestthewatersandexplorethepotentialmarket.(這種鼓勵促使她把它變成一個市場研究項目，以試水和探索潛在市場)”可知，Maitri通過開展市場研究項目把她的想法變成現(xiàn)實。故選B?！?6題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Ittookherquitesometimetofindvendors(小販)andmakethemunderstandhowtomaketheproducts.(她花了很長時間才找到供應商，并讓他們了解如何制作產(chǎn)品)”可知，她花了很長時間才找到供應商，并讓他們了解如何制作產(chǎn)品，說明一開始遇到了障礙。故劃線詞意思是“障礙”。故選A?！?7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thischildhoodexperiencehadgnawed(折磨)atthebackofhermind,pushinghertodosomethingtoeasethelivesoffellowleft-handers.InSeptember2018,shestartedTheLeftOutStore,whichmakeseverydayproductsrangingfromleft-handedwritingtoolsandscissorstokitchentoolsforleft-handedpeople.(這段童年經(jīng)歷一直在她的腦海里揮之不去，促使她做些事情來緩解其他左撇子的生活。2018年9月，她創(chuàng)辦了“左手商店”，生產(chǎn)從左撇子書寫工具、剪刀到左撇子廚房工具等日常用品)”結(jié)合文章主要講述了Maitri因為是左撇子，從小在學校遇到了很多困難。于是后來她萌生了創(chuàng)辦“左手商店”的想法，并通過努力付諸實踐。可知，D選項“左手商店：Maitri的旅程”最符合文章標題。故選D。CWe’vealldoneitbefore—droppedaboxofunwantedhouseholdbelongingsatafleamarketanddrivenoffwithasenseofaccomplishment.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwherethoseitemsactuallygo?BusinessjournalistAdamMinterbeganconsideringthiswhilecleaningouthislatemother’shome.Seekingreassurancethathismother’sdonateditemswouldbeputtogooduseratherthandestroyed,hestartedajourneyworldwidethatresultedinhislatestbook,“Secondhand:TravelsintheNewGlobalGarageSale”.Hefoundtheindustrysignificantlyinthedark,withadisturbinglackofdataonsecondhandgoods,despitetheircrucialroleinclothing,furnishingandeducatingpeopleworldwide.Inthisbook,Minterfullyrevealshimselfasaninvestigativejournalist.Hedoesn’tshyawayfromthecommonly-acceptedassumptionsabouttheglobaltradeinusedgoods.First,MinterquestionstheideathatshipmentsofsecondhandclothesfromdevelopedcountriestoAfricahavedestroyedlocaltextileindustries(紡織業(yè)).That’soverlysimplistic,hesays.Hefurtherexplainsthatmultiplefactors,suchasdecliningcottonproductioninlocalareasandeconomicliberation,haveinfluencedthesituation.Minterthenexploresthetopicofcarseats,makingastatementthatrecyclingcarseats,insteadofsellingthemsecondhand,iswastefulandmightcompromise(危害)safetyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.Itisdisturbingtosaysoinasocietythatprioritizeschildsafetyandhighlightszerorisk,butwhenyouconsidertheexcessivecautionthatmightendangerchildren’sliveselsewhere,thesituationstartstolookdifferent.Mintercallsit“wastecolonialism,”thisideathatdevelopedcountriescanapplytheirownsafetystandardsontothemarketsofdevelopingcountries—andit’sdeeplywrong.WhylabelanusedcarseatoranoldTVasunsafeifsomeoneelse,withdifferentskills,isperfectlycapableofrepairingitandwillingtouseit,especiallyiftheylackaccesstonewproductsandotheroptions?Thebookexploresthehugeproblemsofhandlingsurplus(剩余的)itemsandhowproducersdiscouragerepairsandpromotethesalesofnewproducts.Mintercallsforinitiativestoenhanceproductrepairabilityandincreaseproductlifetime.28.WhydoesMintersetoutonajourneyworldwide?A.Torememberhislatemother. B.Toexplorewhereuseditemsendup.C.Tocollectdataforfashionindustries. D.Toadvocaterecyclingofusedgoods.29.InMinter’sopinion,thecommonideaaboutsecondhandclothestradeinAfricais________.A.groundless B.one-sided C.conventional D.self-contradictory30.WhichactiontakenbydevelopedcountriesmightMinterdescribeas“wastecolonialism”?A.SellingoldTVsetstodevelopingcountries.B.Denyingaccesstousedcarseatsdomestically.C.Banningusedgoodsexporttodevelopingcountries.D.Prioritizingsafetyinnewgoodsfordevelopingcountries.31.WhatdoesMinterencourageproducerstodoinhisbook?A.Handleuseditemsefficiently. B.Promotesalesofnewproducts.C.Makemoresustainableproducts. D.Taketheinitiativetoboostproduction.【答案】28.B29.B30.C31.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述了商業(yè)記者亞當·明特的新書《二手：新全球車庫拍賣之旅》，這本書探討了二手商品市場?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwherethoseitemsactuallygo?(但你有沒有停下來想過這些東西到底去哪兒了?)”和第二段的“BusinessjournalistAdamMinterbeganconsideringthiswhilecleaningouthislatemother’shome.Seekingreassurancethathismother’sdonateditemswouldbeputtogooduseratherthandestroyed,hestartedajourneyworldwide.(商業(yè)記者亞當·明特(AdamMinter)在清理已故母親的房屋時開始考慮這個問題。為了確保母親捐贈的物品會得到妥善利用，而不是被毀壞，他開始了一次環(huán)球旅行。)”可知，Minter環(huán)球旅行是為了弄清楚母親捐贈的物品去了哪里，也就是探索二手物品的去處。故選B。【29題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“First,MinterquestionstheideathatshipmentsofsecondhandclothesfromdevelopedcountriestoAfricahavedestroyedlocaltextileindustries(紡織業(yè)).That’soverlysimplistic,hesays.Hefurtherexplainsthatmultiplefactors,suchasdecliningcottonproductioninlocalareasandeconomicliberation,haveinfluencedthesituation.(首先，Minter質(zhì)疑從發(fā)達國家向非洲出口二手服裝摧毀了當?shù)丶徔棙I(yè)的觀點。他說，這過于簡單化了。他進一步解釋說，當?shù)孛藁óa(chǎn)量下降和經(jīng)濟解放等多種因素影響了這種情況。)”可知，關于非洲二手服裝貿(mào)易的普遍觀念：向非洲出口的二手服裝摧毀了當?shù)氐募徔棙I(yè)，Minter表示質(zhì)疑，認為當?shù)孛藁óa(chǎn)量下降和經(jīng)濟解放等多種因素也影響了這種情況，因此推斷他認為這種普遍的觀念是片面的。故選B?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Minterthenexploresthetopicofcarseats,makingastatementthatrecyclingcarseats,insteadofsellingthemsecondhand,iswastefulandmightcompromise(危害)safetyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.(Minter接著探討了汽車座椅的話題，他表示，回收而不是出售二手汽車座椅是一種浪費，而且可能會損害發(fā)展中國家兒童的安全。)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“Mintercallsit“wastecolonialism,”thisideathatdevelopedcountriescanapplytheirownsafetystandardsontothemarketsofdevelopingcountries—andit’sdeeplywrong.WhylabelanusedcarseatoranoldTVasunsafeifsomeoneelse,withdifferentskills,isperfectlycapableofrepairingitandwillingtouseit,especiallyiftheylackaccesstonewproductsandotheroptions?(Minter稱之為“廢物殖民主義”，這種發(fā)達國家可以將自己的安全標準應用于發(fā)展中國家市場的想法是大錯特錯的。如果別人有不同的技能，完全有能力修理，而且愿意使用，尤其是在他們沒有新產(chǎn)品和其他選擇的情況下，為什么要給二手汽車座椅或舊電視貼上不安全的標簽呢?)”可知，Minter說的廢物殖民主義，指的是發(fā)達國家把自己的安全標準應用于發(fā)展中國家，給二手商品貼上不安全的標簽，不出口到發(fā)展中國家，因此推斷禁止向發(fā)展中國家出口舊貨屬于廢物殖民主義。故選C?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Mintercallsforinitiativestoenhanceproductrepairabilityandincreaseproductlifetime.(Minter呼吁采取措施提高產(chǎn)品的可修復性并延長產(chǎn)品的使用壽命。)”可知，在他的書中，Minter呼吁生產(chǎn)可維修的壽命較長的產(chǎn)品，也就是生產(chǎn)更多可持續(xù)性產(chǎn)品。故選C。DItseemslikejustanothergroupofnon-playercharacters(NPCs)inavideogame.ButunliketraditionalNPCs,thesecharacters’behaviorisn’tprogrammedbyacoder(程序員).Instead,theygeneratetheirbehavioraccordingtoashortbiographygiventothemconsistingofaname,age,job,family,interests,andafewhabits.Whatissurprising?Theybehaveinwaysthatarebelievablyhumanlike.Intheexperiment,ateamofStanfordresearchersledbyJoonSungParkplaced25generativeagentswithinavirtualworld.Eachagentwasassignedauniquebackgroundandparticipatedinatwo-daysimulation(模擬).Variousremarkablebehaviorswerethenobserved.Forexample,oneagentplannedapartyandinformedfriendsandrelatives,manyofwhomshowedupatthecorrecttimeandplace;anotheragentwhodecidedtorunforpresidentsetoffheateddiscussionsamongthecommunity,withdifferentagentsholdingvaryingopinionsonthiscandidate.Theresearchersusedacontrolgroupofhumanparticipants,eachrole-playingoneofthe25agents,andwereastonishedbytheresult:actualhumansgeneratedresponsesthatanevaluationgroupof100individualsratedaslesshuman-likethanthegenerativeagents.Thestudyhasinspiredinterestamonggamedesignerswhohopegenerativeagentswillmakegameplaymoreengaging.ButParkismostinterestedinotherdownstreamapplications,includinggenerativeagents’potentialusefulnessforsocialsciencestudies.“Forexample,researcherscouldexplorehowpeopleinanonlineforumarelikelytorespondtoaparticularmeasureaimedatcounteringfalseinformation,”Parkenvisions.However,Parkacknowledgesthatgenerativeagentsalsoraisesomepotentialethical(倫理的)problems.Onehighlightedriskisthatpeoplewilldevelopone-sided“fakefriendships”withhumanlikegenerativeagentsattheexpenseofrelationshipsinreallife.Theresearchersdescribedtheethicalconcernswithsomeproposedsolutions.“It’salwaysbettertoover-worryaboutethicalproblemsatthebeginningratherthanunderestimatetheirsignificanceandregretitlater,”Parksays.32.HowdothegenerativeagentsinthestudydifferfromtraditionalNPCsinvideogames?A.Theycanwritebiographies. B.Theyarecontrolledbycoders.C.Theybehaveinhumanlikeways. D.Theyhaveuniqueculturalbackgrounds.33.Whichofthefollowingstepsistakenintheexperiment?A.Havingpeopleratethegeneratedbehavior.B.Managingthehumanrole-players’response.C.Evaluatingthe100individuals’generatedresponse.D.Makingthecharactersimitatethehumanparticipants.34.AccordingtoPark,whatcouldbeapotentialuseofgenerativeagents?A.Enhancingonlineforumengagement.B.Makingtechnologicalbreakthroughs.C.Designingmoreabsorbingvideogames.D.Predictinghumanactionsinasocialcontext.35.WhatisPark’srecommendedapproachtotheethicalissuesraisedbygenerativeagents?A.Discounttheirsignificance. B.Addressconcernsinstantly.C.Bedeeplyworriedthroughout. D.Postponesolutionstoalatertime.【答案】32.C33.A34.D35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究人員使用了一組名為“generativeagents”的虛擬角色，這些角色的行為不是由程序員編程設定的，而是根據(jù)他們的背景信息生成的。在實驗中，這些角色表現(xiàn)出了令人驚訝的類似人類的行為。研究人員對比了一組真實的人類參與者的表現(xiàn)，結(jié)果評估組認為生成的角色比真實人類更像人類?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itseemslikejustanothergroupofnon-playercharacters(NPCs)inavideogame.ButunliketraditionalNPCs,thesecharacters’behaviorisn’tprogrammedbyacoder(程序員).Instead,theygeneratetheirbehavioraccordingtoashortbiographygiventothemconsistingofaname,age,job,family,interests,andafewhabits.Whatissurprising?Theybehaveinwaysthatarebelievablyhumanlike.”（這看起來就像是電子游戲中的另一群非玩家角色(npc)。但與傳統(tǒng)的npc不同，這些角色的行為并不是由編碼員編程的。相反，他們的行為是根據(jù)給他們的一個簡短的傳記來決定的，包括名字、年齡、工作、家庭、興趣和一些習慣。令人驚訝的是什么？它們的行為方式非常像人類。）可知，研究中的生成代理與電子游戲中的傳統(tǒng)npc的不同之處是它們的行為方式與人類相似。故選C項。【33題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“actualhumansgeneratedresponsesthatanevaluationgroupof100individualsratedaslesshuman-likethanthegenerativeagents.”（一個由100人組成的評估小組認為，真正的人類產(chǎn)生的反應比生成代理更不像人類。）可知，實驗讓人們對生成的行為進行評價。故選A項。【34題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ButParkismostinterestedinotherdownstreamapplications,includinggenerativeagents’potentialusefulnessforsocialsciencestudies.“Forexample,researcherscouldexplorehowpeopleinanonlineforumarelikelytorespondtoaparticularmeasureaimedatcounteringfalseinformation,”Parkenvisions.”（但Park最感興趣的是其他下游應用，包括生成代理在社會科學研究中的潛在用途?！袄?，研究人員可以探索在線論壇上的人們可能如何回應旨在打擊虛假信息的特定措施，”Park設想。）可推知，根據(jù)Park的說法，生成代理的潛在用途是在社會環(huán)境中預測人類的行為。故選D項?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““It’salwaysbettertoover-worryaboutethicalproblemsatthebeginningratherthanunderestimatetheirsignificanceandregretitlater,”Parksays.”（“一開始就過度擔心道德問題總是比低估其重要性并在事后后悔要好，”Park說。）可推知，對于生成主體引發(fā)的倫理問題，Park推薦的方法是立即解決問題。故選B項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。StandingonahillatClivedenGardensonasunnywinterday,itsdark-greenlakesurroundedbycenturies-oldtreestookmybreathaway.____36____It’sjustalocalparknearLondonthatI’dneverheardofduringmyeightyearslivingintheUK.AsIadmiredtheserenegarden,ittaughtmealessonabouttheBritishcultureofunderstatement.“TheEnglishlandscapeismorebeautifulbecauseitsbeautyisunderstated,”myfriendWillsaidtomelateraswewalkedthroughanexhibitionatTateBritain.Hepointedtoapaintingofapeacefulcountryside.“ThisisthelandscapeIgrewupwith”,hesaid.Unlikegrandwaterfallsorwildforests,thisscenerydoesn’tshoutaboutitsbeauty.____37____IwonderifChinesetouristswillexplorebeyondLondon.____38____Indeed,OxfordandCambridgeandthebelovedLakeDistrictNationalParkaresomeiconicsymbolsofBritain.Butitwouldbeapityiftheymissoutonthelesser-knownpartsoftheEnglishlandscape.____39____Irememberastraight-Aclassmateoncetellingmehe“survivedexams”andanotherfriendfromOxfordintroducinghimselfas“studyinginthecountryside”.ThismodestyalsohasitsmirrorinChineseculture.Iremembermyparents’tellingmetoworkhardbutnottobragaboutmyachievements.Chinesecultureisfullofproverbssuchas“realgoldwillshinesoonerorlater”,toencouragelong-termdedicationtoone’schosenareaofexpertise.Experiencingbothcultures,I’verealizedthattheEnglishandChinesebothexpressachievementswithunderstatement.____40____ItreflectstheunspokencharminbothBritishandChinesetraditions.Andit’sanoff-the-beaten-pathattractionwellworthexploration.A.Clivedenisn’tafamousholidayplace.B.Rather,itsbeautyisreservedforthelocalsonly.C.I’vebeenimpressedbyBritishhumorallthetime.D.Theytendtopreferplaceswithastrongreputation.E.ButthemoreIlooked,themoreIsawitsquietelegance.F.Overtheyears,I’vebec