廣東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次階段考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023屆高三第二次階段考試英語(yǔ)本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分，共8頁(yè)，滿分120分。考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的校名、姓名、考號(hào)、座位號(hào)等相關(guān)信息填寫(xiě)在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案;不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫(xiě)上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該題涂黑。AMarathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,butalsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemostbreathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou’llbetempted(誘惑)torunholdingacamera.Ultra-trailAngkor,CambodiaThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutesaroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.DodoTrail,MauritiusCrossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.GreatOceanRoadmarathon,AustraliaAnotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia’sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceeveryMay.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthetoughestmarathons.BigFivemarathon,SouthAfricaMarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.1Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?A.Ultra-trailAngkor.BDodoTrail.C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.2.Whydoesthewritermention“neck-ache”inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了最美麗的、會(huì)讓人忍不住帶著相機(jī)跑的四個(gè)馬拉松?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.”(雖然50公里的極限路線需要跨越828米高的BlackRiverPeak，但對(duì)初學(xué)者友好的MiniDodoTrail(10公里)是比較容易的。)可知，對(duì)于缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的跑步者而言，DodoTrail比較合適。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是個(gè)問(wèn)題：一個(gè)方向是風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的南海，另一個(gè)方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運(yùn)的話，還會(huì)有一兩只考拉。)可知，沿途有很多優(yōu)美的風(fēng)景，作者以“脖子疼”這種幽默的口吻敘述，是為了突出美麗的風(fēng)景。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.”(小心猴子，還有那些令人難忘的纏繞著一些偉大建筑的巨大藤蔓。)，第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”(穿過(guò)崎嶇的海岸線和熱帶森林，DodoTrail之路到處都是野生動(dòng)物，盡管著名的渡渡鳥(niǎo)已經(jīng)滅絕。)，第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是個(gè)問(wèn)題：一個(gè)方向是風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的南海，另一個(gè)方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運(yùn)的話，還會(huì)有一兩只考拉。)”以及第四個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的“Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”(比賽的開(kāi)始時(shí)間取決于“五大”成員(非洲象、非洲水牛、獅子、豹子和犀牛)在比賽日的地點(diǎn)，因?yàn)榻M織者試圖確保能看到這些動(dòng)物。)可知，這四個(gè)馬拉松沿途都能看到野生動(dòng)物。故選C項(xiàng)。BManypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情緒)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”4.WhatdoesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A.Itisworthwhiletobeaperfectionist B.Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C.Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution. D.Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.5.Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A.isgoodathandlingpressure B.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC.ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob. D.getsonwellwithhisco-workers6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.7.Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A.Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits. B.Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C.Long-standingculturaltraditions. D.Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來(lái)成果。所以要適度工作，工作時(shí)要有積極的情緒，這會(huì)讓自己在工作中更有效率?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(許多人認(rèn)為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來(lái)成果。)”和第二段中“InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.(在哈佛大學(xué)EllenLanger領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員要求人們將句子翻譯成一種新的虛構(gòu)的語(yǔ)言。那些事先適度練習(xí)這門(mén)語(yǔ)言的受試者比那些全力練習(xí)或根本不練習(xí)的受試者犯的錯(cuò)誤要少。)”可知，第一段提出主題，即適度的工作也會(huì)帶來(lái)成果，接著第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究來(lái)證明這一點(diǎn)，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明適度的努力會(huì)產(chǎn)生最好的結(jié)果。故選D?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對(duì)比關(guān)系，那些在會(huì)議室吃飯時(shí)閑聊的同事會(huì)得到別人不屑的目光，即被認(rèn)為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個(gè)努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.(此外，許多研究表明，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于創(chuàng)造性思維。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會(huì)帶來(lái)成果)”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.(高盡責(zé)性與低工作表現(xiàn)有關(guān)，尤其是在簡(jiǎn)單的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介紹研究表明適度的工作也會(huì)帶來(lái)成果，所以文章提倡適度工作，即中庸的工作習(xí)慣。故選A。CClotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecountriesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthrownawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.‘Takewater.Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.‘Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machineryisbeingdevelopedthatcanhelp.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingwaystoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhycertainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.8.Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“microplastics”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A.Tolistexamples.B.Toproveapoint.C.Toprovideanidea.D.Togiveadefinition.9.Whichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A.Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B.Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsandoilrags.C.High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D.Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreoften.10.Whatistherightthingforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A.Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B.Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C.Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D.Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdesiresforfashion.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Saynototheso-calledfastfashionB.AddressthechallengesforresearchersC.EmbracemoreofthecirculareconomyD.Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了所謂的“快時(shí)尚”潮流所帶來(lái)的環(huán)境危害，以及研究人員為了避免環(huán)境危害所進(jìn)行的努力措施。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所謂的“快時(shí)尚”正在對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響)”和“Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.(時(shí)裝業(yè)是世界上用水最多的行業(yè)之一，每年的用水量在20萬(wàn)億到200萬(wàn)億升之間。還有微塑料。當(dāng)我們清洗聚酯纖維和其他基于聚合物的紡織品時(shí)，塑料纖維被釋放出來(lái)，構(gòu)成了阻塞海洋的20%到35%的微塑料。除此之外，還有一些特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，比如用來(lái)使織物耐污的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，以及保護(hù)棉花等作物所需的農(nóng)藥)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化學(xué)品”的目的是為了證明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，也就是“快時(shí)尚”正在對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.(這將至少涉及兩件事：重新專注于讓物品耐用，從而鼓勵(lì)重復(fù)使用；更迅速地?cái)U(kuò)大可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)工藝的技術(shù)，特別是回收利用。在實(shí)現(xiàn)這些和其他雄心方面，學(xué)術(shù)和工業(yè)研究都發(fā)揮著重要作用)”可知，與“循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)”的概念相抵觸的是鼓勵(lì)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)更頻繁地發(fā)布新產(chǎn)品。故選D。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.(研究人員可以從幫助提供更準(zhǔn)確的用水量估算開(kāi)始。在改善和擴(kuò)大紡織品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)研究者應(yīng)該做的正確的事情是在更大程度上改善和擴(kuò)大紡織品回收利用。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所謂的“快時(shí)尚”正在對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響)”和第三段的“Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.(變革是迫切需要的，但這需要時(shí)尚行業(yè)更加努力，更多地接受所謂的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì))”可知，文章講述了所謂的“快時(shí)尚”對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響，以及給我們提供的建議，以避免這種影響，因此最好的題目是D選項(xiàng)“Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact(減少快時(shí)尚對(duì)環(huán)境的影響)”。故選D。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.12.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited13.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics. B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計(jì)算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會(huì)誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說(shuō)，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會(huì)讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜的擔(dān)憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他說(shuō)，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子計(jì)算機(jī)，它“解決了一個(gè)有影響力的問(wèn)題，否則我們無(wú)法解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題”。他補(bǔ)充說(shuō):“人們自然會(huì)不相信我的觀點(diǎn)，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時(shí)間來(lái)定量地比較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對(duì)量子計(jì)算的樂(lè)觀來(lái)源于他對(duì)PyQuantum的信心。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計(jì)算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因?yàn)椤傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西?！保笨芍?，本句中含有一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)椤啊傲孔印贝砹艘恍┠悴粦?yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。A.Open.開(kāi)放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計(jì)算領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報(bào)道，量子機(jī)器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火?！保币约白詈笠欢巍癈ouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說(shuō)的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢(shì)”領(lǐng)先所有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手嗎？我不知道。我當(dāng)然不會(huì)建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計(jì)算機(jī)。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“量子計(jì)算真的會(huì)像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Resolving(解決)ConflictinFriendshipsConflictissurelyacommonprobleminlifeandfriendships.___16___That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement.Unfortunately,evenwhenthefriendshipreachesadeeperlevel,conflictcontinuestohappenandcanbreakapartarelationship.Herearesomeresolutions.Resolveitthedayithappens.Onerulemyparentsfollowintheirmarriageisthattheydon'tgotobedangrywitheachother.Theyalwaysattempttoresolvethingsthedayithappenssothatinthemorning,it'safreshstartwithnopastgrudge(怨恨).I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger.___17___Whateveryoudo,don'tletthingsridefortoolong.___18___Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.Forexample,youmightbealeaderwhileyourfriendismoreofafollower.Youmaybefrustratedwithhimorherfornotbeingverydecisive.Yetitisimportanttounderstandthateachpersonisuniqueandneedstobeappreciated.Initiateresolution.___19___Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong，it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway."Ifyou'rehonestandgenuineindeliveringyourwords,there'sagoodchanceyourfriendwillrespondpositively.Mostimportantly,belovinginwhatyoudo.Trytofocusonpeacefullyresolvingthedisagreement.Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship.___20___A.Don'texpecttoomuch.B.Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.C.Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.E.Tosaysorrybravelywhenaconflictbreaksoutisabetterresolution.F.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.G.Forsome,countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganythingmaybeanoption.【答案】16.D17.G18.B19.C20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述了沖突無(wú)疑是生活和友誼中常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題，我們要努力集中精力和平解決友誼中的沖突，比如在沖突發(fā)生的那一天就去解決，從對(duì)方的角度看問(wèn)題，真誠(chéng)地表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)并及時(shí)道歉等?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement(這是因?yàn)闆](méi)有足夠的深度來(lái)保證消除分歧所帶來(lái)的所有麻煩)”可知，句中的“thereisn'tenoughdepth(沒(méi)有足夠的深度)”與D項(xiàng)中的“shallow(膚淺的)”對(duì)應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.(許多膚淺的友誼在一次爭(zhēng)吵后都被毀掉了。)”符合邏輯以及語(yǔ)境，下文的that指代選項(xiàng)提到這件事。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger(我發(fā)現(xiàn)我需要一個(gè)短暫的冷靜期，這樣我才不會(huì)生氣)”可知，句中的“ashortcooldownperiod(一個(gè)短暫的冷靜期)”與G項(xiàng)中的“countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganything(數(shù)到一百再說(shuō)話)”對(duì)應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)G.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)，數(shù)到一百再說(shuō)話可能是一種選擇)符合邏輯以及語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?8題詳解】設(shè)空處為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下一句“Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.(有時(shí)候，如果你坐下來(lái)好好談一談，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方是從哪里來(lái)的.認(rèn)識(shí)到每個(gè)人都有不同的天賦、能力和個(gè)性特征。)”可知,本段建議從他人的角度來(lái)看問(wèn)題。B項(xiàng)Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.(試著從對(duì)方的角度看問(wèn)。)可以作為主旨句，故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong,it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway.(即使你認(rèn)為對(duì)方錯(cuò)了，說(shuō)“如果我那樣冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是壞事)”可知，句中的“I'msorry(我很抱歉)”與C項(xiàng)中的“saysorry(道歉)”對(duì)應(yīng)，C項(xiàng)Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.(在戰(zhàn)斗中做第一個(gè)為你的角色道歉的人)內(nèi)容相關(guān)，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship(在任何友誼中解決沖突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”，以及結(jié)合文章主旨“努力集中精力和平解決友誼中的沖突”，可知，句中的“notamostpleasanttask(不是一件令人愉快的事情)”與F項(xiàng)中的“itisworththeefforts(這是值得的努力)”形成對(duì)比，再次點(diǎn)明主旨，F(xiàn)項(xiàng).However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，這是值得的努力，因?yàn)樗鼘?dǎo)致了更深的友誼)銜接合理，符合語(yǔ)境以及文章主旨，故選F。第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success____21____fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe____22____inourlives.Whentwelve-year-oldJohnWilsonwalkedintohischemistryclassonarainydayin1931,hehadno____23____ofknowingthathislifewastochangecompletely.Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____24____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.Somehow,thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheat____25____heldsomethingmorevolatile(易揮發(fā)的)thanwater.WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____26____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparents____27____tofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentas____28____.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecamea(n)____29____publicspeaker.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfrom____30____forlackofpropertreatment.Forhim,itwasonethingto____31____hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinuewhenitcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthe____32____.Wilsonreceivedseveralinternational____33____forhisgreatcontributions.Helosthissightbutfounda____34____.Heprovedthatit’snotwhathappenstousthat____35____ourlives—it’swhatwemakeofwhathappens.21.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects22.A.dilemmas B.accidents C.events D.steps23.A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure24.A.direct B.show C.advocate D.declare25.A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsily26.A.erupted B.exploded C.emptied D.exposed27.A.deserved B.attempted C.cared D.agreed28.A.fantastic B.extraordinary C.impressive D.catastrophic29.A.accomplished B.crucial C.specific D.innocent30.A.deafness B.depression C.blindness D.speechlessness31.A.decide B.abandon C.control D.accept32.A.preventable B.potential C.spreadable D.influential33.A.scholarships B.rewards C.awards D.bonuses34.A.fortune B.recipe C.dream D.vision35.A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limits【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。約翰·威爾遜在實(shí)驗(yàn)中因出現(xiàn)事故而失明，但他沒(méi)有被命運(yùn)擊倒，而是努力奮斗改變命運(yùn)，最后取得成功。文章告訴我們，我們的生活不是取決于發(fā)生在我們身上的事情，而是取決于我們對(duì)發(fā)生的事情的態(tài)度?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：成功從根本上取決于我們對(duì)自己和生活中事件的看法。A.depends取決于；B.holds拿；C.keeps保持；D.reflects反映。根據(jù)后文“fundamentallyonourviewofourselves”及空格后的介詞on可知，成功從根本上取決于我們對(duì)自己和生活中事件的看法。故選A項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：成功從根本上取決于我們對(duì)自己和生活中事件的看法。A.dilemmas困境；B.accidents事故；C.events事件；D.steps步驟。根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合下文講述的故事可知，可知此處意指對(duì)生活中的一些事情的看法。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1931年，當(dāng)12歲的約翰·威爾遜在一個(gè)下雨天走進(jìn)化學(xué)教室時(shí)，他還不知道他的生活將徹底改變。A.way方式；B.hope希望；C.plan計(jì)劃；D.measure措施。根據(jù)下文“WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____6____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.”可知，Wilson不知道一節(jié)普通的化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)課會(huì)讓他雙目失明，改變了自己的人生。此處考查短語(yǔ)noway意為“不可能，絕不”。故選A項(xiàng)。24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那天的課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)是展示如何加熱裝有水的容器會(huì)使空氣起泡到表面。A.direct指導(dǎo)；B.show展示；C.advocate提倡；D.declare宣布。根據(jù)后文“howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，此處表示課堂實(shí)驗(yàn)是展示如何加熱裝有水的容器會(huì)使空氣起泡到表面。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不知為什么，老師給威爾遜加熱的容器錯(cuò)誤地裝了比水更易揮發(fā)的東西。A.mistakenly錯(cuò)誤地；B.casually隨意地；C.amazingly令人驚奇地；D.clumsily笨拙地。根據(jù)前文“Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____4____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)本來(lái)是加熱水的，但是Wilson得到的是比水更容易揮發(fā)的物質(zhì)，是老師的失誤。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)威爾遜加熱它時(shí)，容器爆炸了，威爾遜雙目失明。A.erupted噴發(fā)；B.exploded爆炸；C.emptied變空；D.exposed暴露。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)eavingWilsonblind