2019高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)作業(yè)32Healthyeating

課時(shí)作業(yè)(十二)必修3Unit2HealthyeatingⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·銀川檢測(cè))Crossingyourlegsisanextremelymonhabit;mostpeopledon'tevennoticethatthey'redoingitwhentheysitdown.Whileyoumayfinditfortabletositwithonekneecrossedovertheother,itmightbecausinghealthproblemsthatyouarenotawareof.AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.Thiscausesyourbodytoincreaseyourbloodpressuretopushthebloodbacktotheheart.Youwon'tfeelanyimmediateeffects,butrepeated,drawn-outincreasesinbloodpressurecancauselong-termhealthissues.So,planningtositforalongperiodoftime?Don'tkeepyourlegscrossed.“Crossingyourlegsatthekneecanalsocausepressureonthemajornerveinyourlegthatpassesjustbelowyourkneeandalongtheoutsideofyourleg，”explainsRichardGraves,amedicalexpert.Thispressurecancausenumbnessandtemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofsomeofthemusclesinyourfootandleg,preventingyoufrombeingabletoraiseyourankle—whatweknowasthat“pins_and_needles”sensation.Whilethefeelingofdisfortmayonlylastaminuteortwo,repeatedlycrossingyourlegsuntiltheyfeelnumbcancausepermanentnervedamage.Sonexttimeyousitdown,trytogetyourselfinthehabitofsittingwithbothofyourfeetonthefloor.Notonlywillithelpyourpostureandstability,butitwillalsosaveyourhealthinthelongrun.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)的習(xí)慣，這種行為會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些健康問(wèn)題?！倦y句分析】Thereasonforthisisthatthebloodinyourlegshastoworkagainstgravitytobepumpedbacktoyourheartandthatcrossingonelegovertheotherincreasesresistance,makingitevenharderforthebloodtocirculate.(第二段第二句)分析：本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的都是表語(yǔ)從句，“makingit...tocirculate”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。譯文：這是因?yàn)橥炔康难阂亓鞯叫呐K，就要與重力對(duì)抗，并且把一條腿放在另一條腿上會(huì)加劇這種對(duì)抗，這使得血液循環(huán)更難了。1．Whatcanwelearnaboutcrossingone'slegs?A．Itisaverybadsocialhabit，B．Itcandoharmtopeople'shealth.C．Itisusuallypracticeddeliberately.D．Itcanmakeothersfeelunfortable.答案與解析：B'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章前三段內(nèi)容可知，人們將一條腿放在另一條腿上(蹺二郎腿)會(huì)使血壓上升，給腿部和腳部的某些神經(jīng)帶來(lái)壓力，引起健康問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)“它可能對(duì)人們的健康有害處”。2．Accordingtothestudy,sittingwithyourlegscrossedcan________.A．a(chǎn)ffectyourbloodpressureB．resistgravityeffectivelyC．leadtoheartattackseasilyD．improvethefunctionoflegs答案與解析：A'考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句“AstudypublishedinBloodPressureMonitoringstatedthatsittingwithyourlegscrossedcanincreaseyourbloodpressure.”可知，一項(xiàng)研究表明蹺二郎腿會(huì)影響血壓。故選A。3．Inthethirdparagraph“pinsandneedles”probablymeans________.A．beinghighlyflexibleB．beingalittletiredC．seriousmuscleinjuriesD．slightsharppains答案與解析：D'考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文可知，將一條腿放到另一條腿上所產(chǎn)生的這種壓力會(huì)使得腳部、腿部某些肌肉無(wú)知覺(jué)、麻痹。故選D項(xiàng)“輕微的刺痛”。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Toparemonhabits.B．Toevaluatetheeffectsofanexperiment.C．Togivereaderssomeadvice.D．Tointroduceresearchmethods.答案與解析：C'考查寫(xiě)作意圖。通讀文章內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹將一條腿放在另一條腿上所導(dǎo)致的健康問(wèn)題，旨在建議讀者不要蹺二郎腿。故選C。B(2018·合肥市高三調(diào)研性檢測(cè))Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980s,somehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasit'sharmfultohealth,whileothershaveweledcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreport,mildcoffeeconsumption,threetofivecupsperday,canbetakenasahealthydietarypattern,alongwithotherhealthfulbehavior.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinson'sdisease.AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinic,highconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcus,adoctorfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,dailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeine,lessthan4cups,isnotassociatedwiththeseissues.Untilthescientificmunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealth,itwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.Wheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmofdrinkingcoffee,Harwood,ahighschoolstudentstated,“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了人們對(duì)咖啡是否有益于身體健康的幾種不同觀點(diǎn)?！倦y句分析】Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中thatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞acertainillness。譯文：Hensrud博士提到了對(duì)于患有某種疾病的人，大量飲用咖啡會(huì)有危害，(因?yàn)?這種病會(huì)減緩體內(nèi)咖啡因的分解。5．Whatisthepeople'sattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Disapproving.B．Tolerant.C．Doubtful.D．Mixed.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.”可知，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，飲用咖啡是否對(duì)健康有影響一直是有爭(zhēng)議的、不確定的。D項(xiàng)意為“混合的，混雜的”，符合題意，故D項(xiàng)正確。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Personal.B．Slight.C．Reasonable.D．Heavy.答案與解析：C'考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)essthan4cups”可知，飲用的咖啡不超過(guò)4杯；據(jù)此可以判斷，該句是說(shuō)，每天攝入適量的咖啡因?qū)ι眢w無(wú)害。據(jù)此可知，畫(huà)線詞意為“適度的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．WhatcanweinferaboutHarwood?A．He'llkeepondrinkingcoffee.B．Heloveshishighschoollife.C．Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D．Hehassomehealthproblems.答案與解析：A'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后兩句“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffee,forthemostpart，coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”可知，Harwood認(rèn)為，盡管喝咖啡可能會(huì)帶來(lái)一些負(fù)面影響，但大多數(shù)情況下，喝咖啡對(duì)健康有好處；更不用說(shuō)，他需要咖啡來(lái)保持清醒。據(jù)此可以推斷，他將繼續(xù)喝咖啡，故A項(xiàng)正確。8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyPeopleLoveCoffee?B．HowCoffeeAffectsHealth?C．TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD．TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease答案與解析：B'考查標(biāo)題判斷。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了人們對(duì)咖啡是否有益于身體健康說(shuō)法不一。有人認(rèn)為適量飲用咖啡有益身體健康，有人卻認(rèn)為過(guò)量飲用咖啡會(huì)增加心臟病的發(fā)病率。據(jù)此可知，B項(xiàng)最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。Ⅱ.七選五(2018·云南省昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))HowtoMakeaChineseHotPotEatingaChinesehotpotisaverymonexperience.Peoplegatheraroundthepot,dippingtheirfood,waitingforittocook,mixingtheirownseasonings(調(diào)味品)andenjoyingeachother'spany.__1__Firstly，preparealargepotofsoup.Thereisnorightorwrongwaytoprepareasoup,sofeelfreetomakeyourown.Asimplesoupcanbemadebyboilingwaterwiththeadditionofmeatbonesorfishheadsandamixtureofherbs,seasoningsandvegetables.Then,cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices.__2__Chooseanyfoodthatyouenjoy.SomemonchoicesforaChinesehotpotincludethinpiecesofbeef,pork,lambandsoon.Youcanmakeyourhotpotusingthemoretraditionalmethodofusingthemeatsandseafoodthatarelocaltoyou.Meanwhile,select,washandpreparesomevegetables.__3__MushroomsofallkindsarealsomontoChinesehotpotpreparations.__4__Athome,asinglehotpotwouldworkwellupto8peopledependingonthesizeofthepot.Makesureeveryoneissittinginacircleandhaseasyaccesstoeverythingonthetable.Prepareaseparatesmalldishforeachguesttomixtheirseasonings.__5__A．Finally,arrangetheseatingreasonably.B．Nowestheturntoenjoyyourhotpot!C．Itwillguaranteethattheitemswillcookquicklyandfully.D．HerearesomeeasystepstomakeaChinesehotpotathome.E．Formorevariety，considerdumplings，ricecakesandtangyuan.F．Popularchoicesinclude：cabbage,pealeaves,wintermelonandtomato.G．Itusuallylastsacoupleofhoursbecauseyouarecookingandeatinginsmallparts.【文章大意】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。吃火鍋在中國(guó)是常見(jiàn)的，本文介紹了做火鍋的步驟。1．答案與解析：D'根據(jù)該空位置并結(jié)合本文標(biāo)題“HowtoMakeaChineseHotPot”可知，空處承上啟下，引出下文對(duì)如何做火鍋的敘述，故D項(xiàng)與此處匹配。2．答案與解析：C'根據(jù)前一句中的“cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices”可知，要將各種肉和魚(yú)切成薄片，據(jù)此可以判斷，這樣就能保證食物能很快煮熟，故C項(xiàng)正確。3．答案與解析：F'根據(jù)前一句“Meanwhile，select，washandpreparesomevegetables”可知，同時(shí)要選擇、清洗并準(zhǔn)備一些蔬菜，據(jù)此可以判斷，空處列舉常見(jiàn)的用于火鍋的蔬菜，故F項(xiàng)正確。4．答案與解析：A'根據(jù)空處所在位置可知，空處為該段主題句；根據(jù)第二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹做火鍋的最后一步：合理安排好座位，故A項(xiàng)正確。5．答案與解析：B'根據(jù)空處所在的位置并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，在火鍋的各種準(zhǔn)備工作完畢后，就應(yīng)該開(kāi)始享受了，故B項(xiàng)正確。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(2018·濰坊模擬)Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogether,althougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.Thestomachmusthaveatime__1__(rest)betweenmeals.Theotherpartsofthebodyrequirerest,too.Thisthey__2__(usual)getwhileweareasleep.Wemustnotfailtogivethemenoughrest,ortheywillsoonget__3__(wear)outandgiveustrouble.Sometimes,whenpeoplearenotwell__4__tiredout,theyfindtheycannotsleepwell__5__night.Anumberoflittlethingscancontributetoagoodsleep.Ahotfootbath,__6__drawsthebloodawayfromthebrain,frequentlywillbefound__7__(benefit).Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa,__8__(take)justbeforegoingtobed,oftenwillhavethesameeffect.Ifthesleeplessnessisaresultofindigestion(消化不良),aplaindietwillrelieve.Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes__9__(produce)thedesiredeffect.Alwayshaveplentyoffreshairintheroom.Keepthemindfreefromthecaresoftheday.Nevertakeany__10__(sleep)tabletsexceptupontheadviceofaphysician,fortheyusuallycontaindrugsthatwillinjuretheheart.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普類(lèi)說(shuō)明文。人體的各個(gè)器官都需要良好的休息。本文詳細(xì)介