人教版高中英語必修第三冊UNIT4課時評價作業(yè)（十二）含答案

PAGE課時評價作業(yè)(十二)SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures[基礎(chǔ)測評]Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.Tokeep(keep)fit,shetakesexerciseeveryday.

2.Ican’taffordtobuy(buy)suchanexpensivecomputer.

3.We’retalkingabouthowtoovercome(overcome)thepresentdifficulties.

4.Mygrandmotherwokeuponlytofind(find)everybodyhadgone.

5.Youaretherightpersontodo(do)thejob.

6.Marieisapleasantpersontowork(work)with.

7.Shewassurprisedtosee(see)Georgewalkin.

8.Thechildisoldenoughtodress(dress)herself.

9.Iranallthewaysoasnottobe(be)latefortheimportantmeeting.

10.Letthoseinneedunderstand(understand)thatwewillallgoouttohelpthem.Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語句意完成英語句子1.為了救落水兒童,他付出了自己的生命。Inordertosavethedrowningchild,helaiddownhisownlife.2.這個男孩非常努力,為的是彌補失去的時間。Theboyworkedveryhardinordertomake/soastomakeupforthelosttime.3.我定下一個規(guī)矩,每天早上打太極拳。Imakeitaruletodotaichieverymorning.4.過去老板讓工人們每天工作十多個小時。Theworkersweremadetoworkovertenhoursadaybythebossinthepast.5.我做了一個夢,夢到自己像鳥兒一樣在天空中飛翔。Ihadadreamtoflyintheskylikeabird.6.我走到教室,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)教室是空的。Iwenttotheclassroom,onlytodiscoveritempty.7.她不知道該乘哪路公共汽車。Shedidn’tknowwhichbustotake.8.每天晚上這個老人都坐在電視機前,高興地看著演的任何節(jié)目。Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happytowatchanythingthathappenedtobeon.9.如果你想和我們一起去,你應(yīng)該八點前準(zhǔn)備好。Ifyouwanttogowithus,youshouldbereadybyeighto’clock.10.老師建議我們先休息。Theteacheradvisedustohavearestfirst.Ⅲ.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1.Hehasnofriendhecandependon.→Hehasnofriendtodependon.2.Heisnotthekindofpersonwhomaydosuchthings.→Heisnotthekindofpersontodosuchthings.3.Ihavetowritemanylettersthisevening.→Ihavemanyletterstowritethisevening.4.Sheisalwaysthefirstinclasstoanswerquestions.→Sheisalwaysthefirstinclasswhoanswersquestions.5.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.→Weneedsomeonewhowillhelpwiththework.[提升測評]Ⅳ.語法填空Nooneknows1.(exact)howtheearthbegan.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,itbegan2.a“BigBang”.Thentheearthexplodedloudlyandproducedwatervaporandmanygases,3.(make)theearth’satmosphere.Andthenastheearthcooleddown,waterappearedandstayedonthesurface.Itwasthepresenceofwater4.allowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas,5.madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.Andthe6.(appear)ofsmallplantsencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandall7.(sort)offish.Next,greenplantsbegantogrowonland.Theywerefollowedbylandanimals.Later,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime,afterwhichdinosaursdeveloped.However,theysuddenly8.(appear).Therefore,mammalsroseontheearth.Finally,humansappearedandspreadallovertheearth.However,theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheat9.?(escape)fromtheearthintospace.Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthwilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.(solve).

1.解析:根據(jù)謂語動詞knows可知,此處應(yīng)用提示詞的副詞形式修飾動詞。故填exactly。答案:exactly2.解析:beginwith“以……開始”。故填with。答案:with3.解析:這里用動詞-ing形式作狀語,表示結(jié)果。故填making。答案:making4.解析:這里是一個強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu),被強調(diào)的成分是thepresenceofwater,因此要用that。故填that。答案:that5.解析:這里是一個非限制性定語從句,引導(dǎo)詞修飾前面整句話,且從句缺少主語,因此用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填which。答案:which6.解析:此處表示“小型植物的出現(xiàn)促進了早期貝類和各種魚類的發(fā)展”,因此用名詞作主語。故填appearance。答案:appearance7.解析:sort為可數(shù)名詞,由all可知,此處應(yīng)用sort的復(fù)數(shù)形式。allsortsof表示“各種各樣的”。故填sorts。答案:sorts8.解析:這里敘述的是過去的事情,因此要用一般過去時。故填disappeared。答案:disappeared9.解析:prevent...fromdoing...為固定搭配,意為“阻止……做……”。故填escaping。答案:escaping10.解析:thisproblem與solve之間是被動關(guān)系,因此要用被動語態(tài)。故填besolved。答案:besolvedⅤ.閱讀理解AWhat’saspacewalk?Anytimeanastronautgetsoutofaspacecraftwhileinspace,itiscalledaspacewalk.Astronautsgoonspacewalksformanyreasons.Forexample,experimentscanbeplacedontheoutsideofaspacecraft.Thisletsscientistslearnhowbeinginspaceaffectsdifferentthings.Bygoingonspacewalks,astronautscanalsofixthingsinsteadofbringingthembacktoEarthtofix.Whenastronautsgoonspacewalks,theywearspacesuitstokeepthemselvessafe.Insidespacesuits,astronautshavetheoxygentheyneedtobreatheandthewatertheyneedtodrink.Tokeeptheastronautsandthespacecraftsafe,theastronautsmustleaveandgobacktothespacecraftthroughaspecialdoor.Whenonaspacewalk,astronautsusesafetytetherstostayclosetotheirspacecraft.Tethersarelikeropes,andconnectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft.Theykeepastronautsfromfloatingawayintospace.AnotherwayastronautsstaysafeduringspacewalksisbywearingaSAFER.TheSAFERiswornlikeabackpack.Ithelpsanastronautmovearoundinspace.Howdoastronautstrainforspacewalks?Onewayisbygoingforaswim.Floatinginspaceisalotlikefloatinginwater.Astronautspractisespacewalksunderwaterinahugespecialswimmingpool.Foreveryonehourtheywillspendonaspacewalk,astronautsneedtotrainsevenhoursinthepool.Anotherwayastronautspractiseforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality.Itlooksandfeelsjustlikeaspacewalk.Today,onlythreecountrieshavefinishedspacewalksindependently.TheyareRussia,theUnitedStatesandChina.ThefirstpersontogoonaspacewalkintheworldwasAlexeiLeonovfromRussia.ZhaiZhigangisthefirstChineseastronauttogoonaspacewalk.TheworldrecordofspacewalksisheldbyRussianastronautAnatolySolovyev.Hehasbeenon16spacewalksandspentmorethan82hoursoutsideinspace.1.Howmanywaysareusedtokeeptheastronautssafeduringspacewalks?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four. D.Five.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段描述了太空漫步需要具備的四個安全條件:宇航員必須身穿特殊的宇航服;進出航天器必須通過一個特殊的門;宇航員必須身系鏈繩;宇航員必須身穿一個形狀類似背包的“SAFER”。故選C。答案:C2.What’sthemeaningoftheword“tethers”inparagraph2?A.吊籃 B.系繩C.籠子 D.鉤子解析:詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后一句“Tethersarelikeropes,andconnectthespacewalkerswiththespacecraft.”可知,tethers是像繩子一樣的東西,再結(jié)合選項提示可推斷,tether意為“系繩”。故選B。答案:B3.Howdoastronautstrainforspacewalks?A.Byfloatinginspace.B.Byusingvirtualreality.C.Bygoingonspacewalksoutsideaspacecraft.D.Bytraininginwaterinacommonswimmingpool.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Anotherwayastronautspractiseforaspacewalkisbyusingvirtualreality.”可知,進行太空漫步訓(xùn)練的方式之一是利用虛擬現(xiàn)實。故選B。答案:BBThisyearmarksthe21stanniversaryofChina’sfirstmannedspacemission,withYangLiweibecomingthefirstChineseastronauttogotospace.Sincethen,another21astronautshavereachedforthestars.Theselectionofthefourthgenerationofastronautsbeganin2022andwasjustoverthisyear.Andtheyhaven’tcarriedoutaspacemissionsofar.Expertsrevealedhowtoughthetrainingisbeforeastronautscanflytospace.Thehumanbodyisnotdesignedforspacelife.Astronautsarefacedwithmultiplechallengesonaspacemission.Thechangesingravitycanhaveanimpactontheirbodies.Thesensationofconfinement(封閉)livinginasmallspacecraftformonthscandamagetheirmentalhealth.Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheirknowledgeandabilitytosolveproblemsunderhugepressure.Soit’snowonderthatastronautshavetomeetextremelyhighstandardsandgothroughatoughtrainingprogramme.TomakesurethatChineseastronautscompletetheirmissionsandreturntoEarthsafely,“Eighttypes,includingover200subjectsoftraining,wereset,”HuangWeifen,chiefdesigneroftheastronautsystemforChina’smannedspaceproject,toldCCTVNews.Apartfromphysicalfitnesstraining,italsoincludesbasicscientifictheories,psychologicalhealth,andmock(模擬)missions.Amongthetrainingsubjects,themosttiringoneisunderwatertraining.Thistrainingisdesignedforastronautstoadapttothemicrogravityenvironmentinspace.AccordingtoHuang,astronautsstayunderwaterinsuitsweighingover100kilogramsforsixhoursatatime.Waterresistance(阻力)andtheheavysuitmakeeverymoveexhausting.“NieHaisheng,oneoftheastronauts,oncereportedatwo-kilogramlossinweightafteroneunderwatertrainingexercise,”saidHuang.Eachastronautreceivestrainingforatleastthreeandahalfyearsbeforehavingthechancetogotospace.4.HowmanygenerationsofChineseastronautshavebeensenttospace?A.3. B.4.C.19. D.20.解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theselectionofthefourthgenerationofastronautsbeganin2022andwasjustoverthisyear.Andtheyhaven’tcarriedoutaspacemissionsofar.”可知,第四代宇航員的選拔工作從2022年開始,今年結(jié)束,而他們到目前為止還沒有執(zhí)行太空任務(wù),所以到目前為止已經(jīng)有三代宇航員進入了太空。故選A。答案:A5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Thehumanbodyisperfectforspaceexploration.B.Thespacecrafthasenoughspaceforastronautstooperate.C.Astronautsoughttocompletemissionsunderhugepressure.D.Theisolatedconditioninspacebenefitspeople’smentalhealth.解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Emergenciesduringmissionschallengetheirknowledgeandabilitytosolveproblemsunderhugepressure.”可知,任務(wù)期間的緊急情況挑戰(zhàn)了他們在巨大壓力下解決問題的知識和能力,因此,宇航員應(yīng)該在巨大的壓力下完成任務(wù)。故選C。答案:C6.WhydidHuangmentionNieHaisheng’stwo-kilogramweightloss?A.Tostresshowchallengingthetrainingis.B.Todescrib