北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

豐臺(tái)區(qū)2024~2025學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末練習(xí)高一英語(yǔ)考生須知1．答題前，考生務(wù)必先將答題卡上的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、教育ID號(hào)用黑色字跡簽字筆填寫清楚，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的教育ID號(hào)、姓名，在答題卡的“條形碼粘貼區(qū)”貼好條形碼。2．本次練習(xí)所有答題均在答題卡上完成。選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆以正確填涂方式將各小題對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它選項(xiàng)。非選擇題必須使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，要求字體工整、字跡清楚。3．請(qǐng)嚴(yán)格按照答題卡上題號(hào)在相應(yīng)答題區(qū)內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效，在練習(xí)卷、草稿紙上答題無(wú)效。4．本練習(xí)卷滿分共100分，作答時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘。一、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。MyMasterpieceIhadalwayswantedtotryoneofthoseguidedpaintingclasseswhereaninstructor(老師)tellsyouhowtodrawstepbystep.SoI,withmyfriendElla,signedupa___1___class.Ourfirsttaskwastopaintawhitevase(花瓶)ofyellowsunflowersagainstabluebackground.Astheclassbegan,wewereaskedtopaintourcanvas(畫布)blue.Itwas___2___tofollowtheinstructorandIcouldtellIwasanatural.IevenstartedthinkingaboutwhereIwould___3___mynewmasterpiece.Almostimmediatelyafterthat,however,Ibeganto___4___seriousdifficulties.Thefirstlineofmyvaselookedperfect,butwhenIcontinuedtopaint,myhandslipped,causinganimperfectline.Itriedtocoverit,butitwasnouse.Thingswentdownhill___5___afterthat.Thesunflowerleaveslookedlikefat,greencaterpillars(毛蟲).Mynumerousattemptsto___6___themjustmadethemworse.Feeling___7___,Iglanced(掃視)atothers’paintings.WhenIsaidElla’swasbetter,shelookedsurprised.“No,they’renot.Imessedupinatleastfiveplaces.”Afterafewseconds,sheasked,“Ifyoulikemine,whydon’twe___8___paintings?”Upuntilthatmoment,yetforsomereasons,givingitawayfeltwrong.No,itwasn’taperfectpainting,butitwasmine—thefirstoneIhadever___9___.Thatwastwoyearsago,andsincethenI’vetakenafewmoreclassesandgottenbetteratfollowingtheinstructor’sdirections.Andmysunflowerpaintingstillhangsinthemostprominent(顯眼的)placeinmyroom—as_____10_____asitis,thatpaintingmakesmefeelhappynow.1.A.painting B.science C.language D.music2.A.funny B.noisy C.easy D.lucky3.A.hide B.hang C.draw D.replace4.A.thinkof B.putup C.dealwith D.runinto5.A.carefully B.rapidly C.formally D.widely6.A.accept B.organize C.fix D.discuss7.A.respectful B.disappointed C.frightened D.attractive8.A.display B.collect C.exchange D.decorate9.A.created B.received C.bought D.prepared10.A.true B.classic C.unfinished D.imperfect二、閱讀理解（共16小題；每小題2.5分，共40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIn1957,humanssentthefirstartificialsatelliteintospace.Today,nearly70yearslater,expertspredictsome100trillionpiecesofhuman-madeobjectsareencirclingourplanet.Thoseobjectsaretravellingatspeedsofabout17,000milesanhour.Acollision(碰撞)betweenspacejunkandthingsliketheInternationalSpaceStationorworkingsatellitescanbedangerous.“It’sonlygettingmorecrowded,”saysMoribaJah,NatGeoExplorerandspaceenvironmentalist.“There’snogarbageremovalinspace,soitkeepsbecomingmoredifficulttotravelin.”Luckily,scientistsareworkingonideasthatmightonedayhelpcleanupspacejunk.Herearefourthatexpertshaveconsidered,plussomeofthemostunusualspacejunkthat’severorbitedourplanet.Self-destructingSatelliteAsatellitecalledClearSpace-1wouldfindandgrabspacejunkwithjellyfishliketentacles(觸手).OncefullthesatellitewouldfallbacktowardEarth,whereitwouldburnupinEarth’satmosphere.Trash-zappingLasersLaserOrbitalDebris(軌道碎片)RemovaluseslaserstechnologytocleanupdebrisItfireslasersatthedebristopushitoffitspath.ThenthejunkwouldeitherburnupinEarth’satmosphereorfallintotheocean.SpaceBalloonTheOrbitLoweringDevicewouldattachagas-filledballoonaswideasafootballfieldtolargepiecesofspacetrashThiswouldslowdowntheobjectssotheywouldreenterEarth’satmosphereandburnup.WallofWaterAnotherideainvolvesreleasingwaterfromrockets.ThewaterwouldhitspacejunkandcausethedebristoslowdownorfalloutofitspathintoEarth’satmosphere.Someoftheseideashavebeenquestioned.SoJahwantstolookatsolutionslikedesigningreusable,recyclablesatellites.“Weneedtocomeupwithotherwaystokeepspacecleanthatdon’tfurtherpolluteourownplanet,”hesays.11.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theproblemsspacejunkbrings. B.Thehistoryofartificialsatellites.C.Thewaysofprotectingourplanet. D.Theadvicescientistshavegiven.12.HowdoesClearSpace-1work?A.Byapplyinglasertechnology. B.Bypushingthedebrisoffitspath.C.Byreleasingwaterfromrockets. D.Byusingtentacleslikejellyfish.13.Whichofthefollowingisdesignedtodealwithlargespacetrash?A.WallofWater. B.SpaceBalloon.C.Trash-zappinglasers. D.Self-destructingSatellite.14.Whatmightbeasharedconcernoverthefourideas?A.Theycouldcosttoomuchmoney. B.Theycouldmakemorespacetrash.C.Theymightpolluteourplanet. D.Theymighthurtworkingsatellites.BDannywasjustputtinghiscleats(訓(xùn)練鞋)intohislockerwhenhisteammate,Max,informedhimthatMr.Irving,theprincipalwantedtoseehimintheoffice.Heheadedfortheoffice,wonderingwhy.Hewasafairlygoodstudent,soitwasn’thisgrades.Though,tobehonest,he’dbeenmakingthingsalittleworse,especiallythatlastmathtest—ouch.Butthiswasthefirsttimethebaseballteamhadrunforthestatechampionshipin11yearsandasthestarpitcher(明星投手),Dannyhadhelpedtakethemthere.Surelythereisnothingthatcan’tbeforgiving.Takingabigbreath,hesteppedinsidetofindMr.Irving,CoachGeller,andsurprisingly,hismotherwaitingforhim,whoseemedtohavecried.Uh,oh.Hemustreallybeintrouble.Mr.IrvingbrokethenewsthatDannywouldn’tbeabletoplayinthelastgameofthechampionship.CoachGellerhadaccidentallyleftDanny’snameofftheroster(候選名單),andadditionsweren’tallowedafteritwashandedin.“We’reverysorry,Danny,”saidMr.Irving,“Ihavebeentryingtofixit,butsofar,noluck.”Dannydidn’tknowwhattosay.……Asthegamebegan,Dannycheeredforhisteam,feelingamixofemotionsasitsscoreroseandfell.Inthebottomoftheninth,Simohitawinningrun,ensuringthevictoryfortheirteam.Dannyexplodedoutofhisseatandrushedtothefieldtocelebratewithhisteammates,givingeachotherhigh-fives.Thatnight,ashetoldthestory,hismotherlistenedquietlyandsaid,“Youshouldhaveplayed.Thatwasyourvictory,anditwastakenfromyou.”“Noway,”hesaidwiththebiggestsmileofhislife.“Thatwintoday?Thatwasmywin,andMax’s,andSimo’stoo.Don’tyougetit,Mom?That’swhatitmeanstobepartofateam.Ihelpedgetustothechampionship.Andinmyownway,Ihelpedwinit,too.”Hismotherlookedathimalmostlikeshe’dneverseenhimbefore.Thenshesmiledandhuggedhimtightly.“You’reright,Danny!Threecheersforyourbigwin!”15.HowdidDannyfeelbeforesteppingintotheoffice?A.Disappointed. B.Excited. C.Anxious. D.Hopeful.16.WhatnewsdidDannylearnfromMr.Irving?A.Hebecameabenchplayer. B.Hismathgradesdroppedalot.C.Hewasn’tchosenasastarpitcher. D.Hisnamewasn’tontheteamlist.17.Whatistherightorderofthefollowingevents?①Dannyhadabigwin.②Therosterwashandedin.③Dannycelebratedthevictorywithhisteammates.④Mr.Irvingtriedtofixthemistakebutfailed.A.②④③① B.①②③④ C.②①④③ D.①③④②18.WhatcanwelearnfromDanny’sstory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B.Nowayisimpossibletocourage.C.Thevictoryofateamistruevictory. D.HethatfallstodaymaybeupagaintomorrowCFirstly,IknowthisisafirstworldproblemandIneedto“drymyeyes”.Ihaveaverysmalldishwasherinaverysmallkitchen.Theotherweekwhenafriendshowedmehernewhousewithabigkitchenandalargedishwasher,Ifeltmythroatgottight.Ididn’tquiteknowwhattosay.AndwhydidIevencomparemylifewithotherpeople’slife?Maybeyou’llagreeyouhaveasimilarexperience.Whyisthis?Ithinkahugefactorishowaddictedwe’veallbecometosocialmedia.Westareatpeople’sbeautifulvacationphotosatsomegreatpartywondering,“Whyisn’tmylifelikethat?”Weforgetthatwhatweseearethecarefullyeditedhighlightsofaperson’slifeaimingtogiveanimpressionofwhattheywanttosee—notnecessarilyhowtheirlifeactuallyis.Socialmediaseemtogiveusanxietythatwearen’tdoingaswellasothersorlivinguptoexpectationsthatweputonourselves.Onagoodday,wecanusethislifeenvytoinspireourselves—iftheycandoit,socanwe!Butonabadday,wejustfeelangry,sad,disappointed,andworstofall,bitter.Noonewantstoadmittofeelingenvious.Itissuchaprohibitedsubject—desiringwhatothershave.Sohowdoweovercomeourlittlegreen-eyedmonster?Steppingawayfromsocialmediaisastart.Thelesswepayattentiontowhatotherpeoplearedoing,thefeweropportunitieswehavetocompareourselvestothem.Nextstepistogiveourselvessometolerance(寬容)andknowthatit’sacompletelynaturalfeeling.Itdoesn’tmakeusbadpersons;it’sjustapartofbeinghuman.Andmostimportantly,weneedtostartfocusingonourselvesinsteadofothers.Therootoftheproblemismoreaproblemwithhowwe’refeelingaboutourselvesthanthoseweenvy.Mymomusedtoalwaystellmeto“rowyourownboat”:andIthinkaboutthatlittlephraseallthetime.Itmaynotbethebiggestforit—andwhoknowswherethejourneywilltakeus?Sureitbeatsfeelingenvious.19.Describinghis/herpersonalexperience,theauthoraimsto______.A.introduceatopic B.giveasuggestion C.presentadefinition D.highlightanopinion20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsocialmedia?A.Itweakensface-to-facecommunication. B.Ithelpstoovercomenegativefeelings.C.Itbringsinformation-sharingculture. D.Itfailstotrulyreflectpeople’slife.21.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.NoticingTom’snewcar,youpostyourcarphotostoimpressothers.B.SeeingMark’ssuccessinbusiness,youthinkyouarenotasgoodashim.C.KnowingAmy’smovedtoabighouse,youthinkitwrongtofeelunhappy.D.HearingBettyhasgotanicenewjobyoushiftyourfocusonwhatyouhave.22.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toinformusofthewaystocureanxiety.B.Totellushowtodealwithfeelingenvious.C.Towarnusofthebadeffectsofsocialmedia.D.Toexplainwhypeoplealwayscomparewithothers:DWhenconsideringthemembersofmysocialnetwork,Ioftenfindmyselfenvelopedinpurefeelingsofloveandwarmth,affectionandsupport.Ahandful,however,arousequitedifferentemotions—amixtureofeagernessandfear.Intherightmood,theseindividualscandeliverafun-filledevening,butatthewrongmoment,theycanexhaustallmygoodwill.Ifthissoundsfamiliar,thenyoutoohavefrenemies.Psychologistscallthem“ambivalentrelationships”.Accordingtoawealthofresearchtheserelationshipsareoftenmorestressful.Theycandamageyourmentalandphysicalhealth.Knowingthis,thesimplesolutionwouldseemtobetocuttieswiththesepeople.Butourrelationshipswithfrenemiesaren’tsimpleandditching(擺脫)themisn’talwayspossibleorevendesirable.Tocaptureinterpersonaldynamics,JulianneHolt-LunstadandherUtah-basedBrighamYoungUniversitycolleaguesdesignedascaleidentifyingfourrelationshipcategories.Tryit:pickpeopleinyournetworkandanswertwoquestionsona1-6scale.Whenyouarefeelinginneedofadvice,understandingorafavour,howhelpfulisyourconnection?Likewise,howupsettingisyourconnection?Peoplescoring1onbothareindifferentrelationships.Thosewhoscorehighonhelpfulnessandlowonupsetaresupportiveties;lowonhelpfulnessandhighonupsetareaversiverelationships;bothhighindicateambivalentconnections—frenemies.Theymaybeincrediblygenerouswhenyouhaveaproblemyetcanalsolashout(怒斥)withabitterput-downwhentheyfeelenviousorthreatened.Wemighthopethegoodoutweighsthebadinsuchrelationships,butresearchcomplicatesthis.Holt-Lunstad’steamfoundthatsimplyknowingthatanambivalentconnectionwasinthenextroomasparticipantspreparedtogiveaspeechwasenoughtosendtheirbloodpressurerocketing.Italsoslowedtheirrecoveryafterthetask.Infact,evenunintentionalremindersofafrenemycanshatterourpeaceofmind.Furthermore,ambivalentconnectionscontributetotelomeredecline.Telomeres,protectivecapsatchromosome(染色體)ends,preventDNAdamageduringcelldivision.Asweage,telomeresweardown,and,whentheybecometooshort,cellsmaystarttomalfunctionordie.Shortertelomeresincreasetheriskofage-relateddiseases.Theproblemsofambivalentconnectionsarehardtosolve,especiallyinworkorfamily.Simplybeingawareoftheambivalentnatureofarelationshipmightoffersomeprotection,sothatwecouldmanageexpectations,focusmoreonthegoodinthesepeopleandfeelcompassionfortheirunpleasantstreaks,whilealsoattemptingtoreducecontactwhentheycausestresses.Justasimportantlythishaspromptedmetoconsidermyownbehavior—arethererelationshipsinwhichIamthefrenemy?23.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ambivalent”inparagraph1mean?A.Givinghelporencouragement. B.Continuingordevelopinggradually.C.Havingamixtureofopposingfeelings. D.Happeningsometimesandnotatothertimes.24.TheauthorusesJulianneHolt-Lunstad’sscaleto______.A.measurethelevelofgenerosityinfriendshipsB.predicttheoutcomeofconflictswithfrenemiesC.showit’sdifficulttobreakupwithfrenemies.D.comparethebenefitsofdifferentconnections25.Whatcanwelearnaboutfrenemiesfromthepassage?A.AmbivalentconnectionscanshortentelomeretopreventDNAdamage.B.Frenemiesdon’tneedtosayawordtocauseanxiety.C.Interactingwithfrenemieshardlyresultsinhelpfulconnections.D.Highexpectationsonfrenemiesimprovetherelationship.26.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.UnderstandingandManagingFrenemies B.TheComplexitiesofHumanRelationshipsC.TheImpactofFrenemiesonOurWell-being D.TheDouble-EdgedSwordofSocialConnections三、閱讀回答問(wèn)題（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Achildexcitedlyopensapresent,butafterseeingthetoy,sheshiftsherfocustothewrappingpaper,box,orribbon(絲帶).Shemightplacetheboxonherheadortietheribbontoatableleg.Thisisopen-endedplay,wherechildrenuseeverydayobjectsincreative,unstructuredways.It’schild-directed,withnosetoutcome.Researchshowsopen-endedplayisbenef?cialinsometimessurprisingways.Open-endedplaystartswiththeobjectschildrenplaywith.Unlikeelectronictoysormovie-basedtoysopen-endedtoys—oftencalled“l(fā)ooseparts”—givechildrentheroomtodosomethingnew.Loosepartscanincludeeggholders,seashells,orcardboardboxesandothercommonobjects.Theyarethebasisforimaginativeplaythathelpschildrenbecomemorecreative.Whenachildpicksupastickandimaginesitasahorseortelescope,sheisexercisingtheabilitytocreateandtothinkforherself.Eachstepintheprocessoffreeplayisvaluable.Theprocessbeginswithchoosinganobject,thentransforming(轉(zhuǎn)變)itinherimaginationintosomethingnewwithitsownpurpose.Manufactured(制造的)toysdonotgivethemindthesamefreedomtoimagineasdocommonobjectsthatdonotcomewithexpectationsorhistory.Obviously,adult-directedactivitiesaremorecontrolledandmorepredictable,andoftenshieldchildrenfrommakingmistakes.Open-endedplayallowschildrentofollowtheirinterestsandtomakemistakes.Withparentsplayingamorepassiverole,childrenareresponsibleforthesemistakes.Thisallowsformorechancestosolveproblemsandcreatesopportunitiesforchildrentobesuccessful,buildingconfidenceintheirabilitytoreason.Therealityofmodernlifeisthatmuchofchildren’sliveswillbastructured.Butitdoesnotallhavetobe.Whenparents,teachers,andcaregiverstakeastepback,theyopenthedoorwiderforchildrentocreateandlearn.27.Whatisopen-endedplay?_____________________________________________________________28.Whyareopen-endedtoyscalled“l(fā)ooseparts”?_____________________________________________________________29.Whatisthebenefitofchildrenimaginingastickasahorse?_____________________________________________________________30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shield”inParagraph4mean?_____________________________________________________________31.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?_____________________________________________________________四、任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在表格的橫線上填詞，每空填寫一個(gè)單詞。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AHero’sSecondChanceOnDec.26,Gelinne,60,waslookingoutthebackwindowsofhishomeatthefrozenlake.Thenanairplanecameintohissight.Gelinnelookedupjustintimetoseethatsmallairplaneafewhundredyardsaway,losingcontrol.Astheplanedisappearedbehindthetrees,Gelinne,aretiredNavy(海軍)officer,realizeditwasgoingtolandinthelake.Heflashedonamomentfrommorethan20yearsearlier:Gelinnewasatworkinabank.Whenafirealarmrang,heescapedfromthechaos(混亂)buthasalwayswonderedifhecouldhavestayedinsideandhelped.Onthisday,Gelinnedidn’thesitate.Herandowntothewaterfront.Theplanehadskidded(側(cè)滑)toastoponthebroad,frozenlake,farfromshore.Itwasnowsinking.Thepilotwasstandingonthewing.GelinneknewfromhisNavytrainingthatevenafewminutesintheicywatercouldkillthepilot.Gelinnetestedtheicewithhisfootanddecidednottotakeanychanceswalkingonit.Sohepulledaboatoutfromunderhisbackdeck.Thenhesetoff,pushinghisboatacrosstheice.Itwastoughwork.WhenGelinnereachedtheplane,ithadbrokenthroughtheiceandsunk;onlyitstailcouldbeseen.Thepilotwasstandingonatailwingunderthewaterandthewaterreachesashighashischest.Gelinnepushedhisboatofftheiceandintothewater,paddling(劃)towardthepilot.Gelinnefocusedonkeepingthepilotcalm,joking,“Justhangontotheboatasify