2022年廣西南寧市部分校高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題

2021~2022學(xué)年度高二（下）期末檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)(全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級(jí)、姓名、學(xué)號(hào)、考號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上作答（答題注意事項(xiàng)見(jiàn)答題卡），在本試題上作答無(wú)效。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestLanguageLearningAppsDuoLingoPrice:FreeDuoLingoturnslearninglanguageintoagame.Eachlessonisbrokendownbysubjectmatter,andusersmustcompleteexercisesthatintegrate(綜合)reading,writing,listeningandspeakingtoadvancetothenextlevel.Theapprecordsyourprogressandusessmartphonenotificationstoencourageregularuse.Itschatrobotmayhelptestwhatyou’velearned.You’llevenseesuggestedphrasesifyou’reatalossforwords.BabbelPrice:$12.95—$83.40WhatsetsBabbelapartisitscoursecustomization,lettingyoumakelessonplanstofocusonvocabularyandconversationtopicsrelevanttoyourspecificneeds.Babbeldrawson(利用)whatyou’vealreadyknownaboutyournativetongue,andnewlessonsareintroducedthroughconversation.Babbelreintroducesvocabularyandgrammarthroughreading,speakingandlisteningexercisesovertimetomakesureyou’vegoteverythingkeptinmind.MemrisePrice:FreeMemriseusesanunderstandingofbrainscienceandlearningtomakesureyou’retrulyabsorbingnewlinguistic(語(yǔ)言的)concepts.Coursesarebrokenintodifferentlevels,whichareallavailableforofflineuseontheapp.Tokeeptheprogramsharp,Memrisecollectsinformationfromitsgraduatesandintegratesperformancedatatoimprovelessons.RocketLanguagesPrice:$99.95andupIfyouwanttolearnaboutalanguageanditsplaceintheworld,takealookatRocketLanguages.Relyingonspeechexercisesandvocabularyflashcarddrills,theircurriculumisbuiltforpeoplewhohavegraspedvariouslanguagestopickupnewlanguagesquickly.Andunlikeotherlanguageprograms,thereareculturelessonshereshowingyouhowthelanguagechangedovertimeandwhatkindofroleitplaystoday.1.WhatdoDuoLingoandMemrisehaveincommon?A.Coursesareavailableforofflineuse.B.Theyareaccessibletolearnersforfree.C.Whatlearnershavelearnedcanberecorded.D.Learnerscanlearnlanguagesjustusingflashcards.2.WhatdowelearnaboutBabbel?A.Itisavailableataveryhighprice. B.Itprovidescustomizedlessonsforlearners.C.Itisbestforface-to-facelearners. D.Itismainlydesignedforculturalenthusiasts.3.WhichAppismostsuitableifyouwanttolearnaboutthedevelopmentofthelanguage?A.DuoLingo. B.Babbel. C.Memrise. D.RocketLanguages.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾款最好的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DuoLingo部分中“Price:Free(價(jià)格：免費(fèi))”和Memrise部分中“Price:Free(價(jià)格：免費(fèi))”可知，DuoLingo和Memrise這兩款語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序的共同點(diǎn)是，它們都是免費(fèi)使用的，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Babbel部分中“WhatsetsBabbelapartisitscoursecustomization,lettingyoumakelessonplanstofocusonvocabularyandconversationtopicsrelevanttoyourspecificneeds.(Babbel與眾不同之處在于它的課程定制，讓你制定課程計(jì)劃，將重點(diǎn)放在與你的具體需求相關(guān)的詞匯和會(huì)話主題上)”可知，Babbel為學(xué)習(xí)者提供定制的課程。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RocketLanguages部分中“Andunlikeotherlanguageprograms,thereareculturelessonshereshowingyouhowthelanguagechangedovertimeandwhatkindofroleitplaystoday.(與其他語(yǔ)言程序不同，這里有一些文化課程，向你展示語(yǔ)言是如何隨著時(shí)間的推移而變化的，以及它在今天扮演著什么樣的角色)”可知，如果你想了解語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展，RocketLanguages這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序最合適你，故選D。BMyfirsttriptoItalywaswithafriendwhenIwas19.WhenIgottoVenice,Ijustcouldn’tbelievehowbeautifulitwas.Seeingitwasanexperienceinitself.Wedidallthetouristythings,includingvisitstothegalleries.Later,ImadeanothertriptoItaly.WalkingaroundthestreetsofRome,Ireallyenjoyedgettingtoknowthecity.Romehassuchamazinggalleries.TheVaticanMuseum’sartgalleryinparticularisveryspecial.YoucanseeCaravaggioandallthegreatsthere.TheNationalGalleryofModernArthassomewonderfulart.IreallyhadfalleninlovewithItalyanditsartinabigway.SadlyIhadnoartistictalent,butIjustlovedtobearoundit.Ivisitedquiteafewartgalleries.BythetimeIstartedwritingmyfirstnovel,NotaPennyMore,NotaPennyLess,Iwasinmythirties.Ialwayssay“writeaboutwhatyouknow”,soart,aswellasbusinessandpolitics,hasbeenappearinginoneformoranotherinmybooksacrosstheyears.Oneofthemaincharactersinthatfirstnovelwasanartgalleryowner.BythetimeIhadwrittenfourbooks,IbondedwithtwoartgallerygoersoveraloveofartandItalyandeventuallystartedgoingforalmostanannualtriptodifferentcitiesortownsinItaly.Overthepast40years,wehavevisitedabout60citiesandtownsacrossItaly,someverysmallbutinpossessionofremarkablemasterpieces.ForthefirstbookintheWilliamWarwickseries,Iplacedthedetective(偵探)intheartandantiquitiessquad(文物組),wherehewasinvestigatingthetheftofapricelessRembrandtpainting,soartisstillverymuchathemeinmywork.I’mfortunatetobeabletoindulge(盡情投入)mypassionforItalyanditsart,inspiredbythoseearlyvisitssomanyyearsago.4.HowwouldtheauthordescribehisfirsttwotripstoItaly?A.TheymadehimattractedtoItaly. B.Theyimprovedhisskillinpainting.C.Theyenhancedhisconfidenceinwriting. D.Theyfiredhisenthusiasmfortraveling.5.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheauthor’sfirstnovel?A.Itisbasedonhisexperience. B.Itattachesgreatvaluetofamily.C.Itfailstoliveuptohisexpectation. D.Itcentersonhischildhoodstories.6.HowdidItaly’sartinfluencetheauthor?A.Itstrengthenedhisfamilybonds. B.Itdeepenedhisunderstandingofhimself.C.Itprovidedinspirationforhiswriting. D.Itunlockedhisartisticpotentialandtalent.7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artmadeamanenergetic. B.Travelopenedmyeyestoothercultures.C.Writinginspiredmypassionfortravel. D.Anart-filledtripchangedmylife.【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者去意大利的旅行使作者愛(ài)上意大利和其藝術(shù)，并給作者的寫(xiě)作帶來(lái)靈感，從而改變了作者的一生?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MyfirsttriptoItalywaswithafriendwhenIwas19.WhenIgottoVenice,Ijustcouldn’tbelievehowbeautifulitwas.Seeingitwasanexperienceinitself.Wedidallthetouristythings,includingvisitstothegalleries.Later,ImadeanothertriptoItaly.WalkingaroundthestreetsofRome,Ireallyenjoyedgettingtoknowthecity.Romehassuchamazinggalleries.TheVaticanMuseum’sartgalleryinparticularisveryspecial.YoucanseeCaravaggioandallthegreatsthere.TheNationalGalleryofModernArthassomewonderfulart.IreallyhadfalleninlovewithItalyanditsartinabigway.(我第一次去意大利是19歲時(shí)和一個(gè)朋友去的。當(dāng)我到達(dá)威尼斯的時(shí)候，我簡(jiǎn)直不敢相信那里有多美。看到它本身就是一種體驗(yàn)。我們體驗(yàn)了所有的游客活動(dòng)，包括參觀美術(shù)館。后來(lái)，我又去了意大利。漫步在羅馬的街道上，我真的很喜歡了解這個(gè)城市。羅馬有這么多令人驚嘆的畫(huà)廊。尤其是梵蒂岡博物館的美術(shù)館非常特別。你可以在那里看到卡拉瓦喬和所有偉大的作品。國(guó)家現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)美術(shù)館有一些精彩的藝術(shù)品。我真的深深地愛(ài)上了意大利和它的藝術(shù)。)”可知，作者前兩次去意大利的旅行使他深深愛(ài)上了意大利，對(duì)意大利著迷，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“BythetimeIstartedwritingmyfirstnovel,NotaPennyMore,NotaPennyLess,Iwasinmythirties.Ialwayssay“writeaboutwhatyouknow”,soart,aswellasbusinessandpolitics,hasbeenappearinginoneformoranotherinmybooksacrosstheyears.Oneofthemaincharactersinthatfirstnovelwasanartgalleryowner.(當(dāng)我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)我的第一部小說(shuō)NotaPennyMore,NotaPennyLess時(shí)，我已經(jīng)三十多歲了。我總是說(shuō)“寫(xiě)你所知道的”，所以多年來(lái)，藝術(shù)，以及商業(yè)和政治，一直以這樣或那樣的形式出現(xiàn)在我的書(shū)中。第一部小說(shuō)中的主要人物之一是一個(gè)藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊的老板。)”可知，作者的第一本小說(shuō)是基于他自己的經(jīng)歷所寫(xiě)的，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Oneofthemaincharactersinthatfirstnovelwasanartgalleryowner.(第一部小說(shuō)中的主要人物之一是一個(gè)藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊的老板。)”，第三段中“BythetimeIhadwrittenfourbooks,IbondedwithtwoartgallerygoersoveraloveofartandItalyandeventuallystartedgoingforalmostanannualtriptodifferentcitiesortownsinItaly.(當(dāng)我寫(xiě)了四本書(shū)的時(shí)候，我和兩個(gè)藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊的?？鸵?yàn)閷?duì)藝術(shù)和意大利的熱愛(ài)而建立了聯(lián)系，并且最終開(kāi)始了幾乎一年一度的意大利不同城市或城鎮(zhèn)之旅。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“soartisstillverymuchathemeinmywork.(所以藝術(shù)仍然是我作品的主題。)”可知，意大利的藝術(shù)為作者的寫(xiě)作提供了靈感。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段“I’mfortunatetobeabletoindulge(盡情投入)mypassionforItalyanditsart,inspiredbythoseearlyvisitssomanyyearsago.(我很幸運(yùn)能夠滿足我對(duì)意大利及其藝術(shù)的熱情，這是多年前那些早期訪問(wèn)給我的啟發(fā)。)”可知，文章主要講述了作者去意大利的旅行使作者愛(ài)上意大利和其藝術(shù)，并給作者的寫(xiě)作帶來(lái)靈感，從而改變了作者的一生，所以D項(xiàng)“Anart-filledtripchangedmylife.(一次充滿藝術(shù)氣息的旅行改變了我的生活。)”適合做文章標(biāo)題，故選D。CShakespeareandCompanyisabookstoreunlikeanyother.ItwashometotheLostGenerationinthe1920s,theBeatGenerationinthe1950s,andshouldbeaplaceanyliterary(文學(xué))loverdreamsofvisitinginParistoday.AnAmericanserviceman,GeorgeWhitman,openedabookstorein1951onParis’LeftBank.Hechoseanold16th-centurymonastery(修道院)forhisnewbusiness;it’sjustminutesfromthefamousNotreDameCathedralandonthestepsoftheSeineRiver.ItbecameoneofthemostfamousbookstoresintheworldandquicklygatheredareputationwhereliterarytypesfromtheBeatGenerationwouldalwaysfindahomethroughthe1950sand60s.ThisbookstoretakesitsnamefromanolderstorewhichwasstartedinParisin1919byaladycalledSylviaBeach.ItwasaliteraryheavenandhometotheLostGeneration.ManylikeF.ScottFitzgeraldandErnestHemingwayfoundlike-mindedpeopleinthestore.SylviaBeachlefttheofficialnametoGeorgeWhitmaninthelate1950sanduponherdeath.HerenamedhisbookstoreShakespeareandCompanyinherandthestore’shonor.UnderGeorgeWhitman,theshopwelcomedanewgenerationofwriters,includingAllenGinsberg,HenryMiller,AnaisNinandRayBradbury.UnderGeorgeWhitman,writersdevotedtowritingwereencouragedtostayinthebookstoreandsleepinsimplebedsthatwereputaroundtheplace.Hecalledthesepeoplethe“tumbleweeds”—peoplewhorolledaroundtheplace,hopingtowritetheirbestwork.Tumbleweedshavealwaysbeenofferedafreebasicbedforthenightinexchangeforacoupleofhours’workeachday,thepromisetoreadabookeachday,andtowriteaoneautobiography.EthanHawkewasamongthe30,000tumbleweeds—hestayedthereforsixnightswhenhearrivedinParisatage16.SinceGeorgeWhitman’sdeath,itishisdaughterSylviaWhitmanwhorunsthestore.8.WhatisspecialaboutShakespeareandCompany?A.Ithasbeenappealingtoliterarylovers. B.Itprovidesshelterforhomelesswriters.C.Ithasahistoryofaboutonehundredyears. D.ItislocatedneartheNotreDameCathedral.9.WhydidGeorgerenamehisbookstoreShakespeareandCompany?A.ToshowrespectforSylviaBeach. B.Toattractmorereaderstothebookstore.C.Towelcomeyounggenerationofwriters. D.TomemorizethegreatwriterShakespeare.10.Whatdo“tumbleweeds”inParagraph4refertointhepassage?A.Thepoorreaderswhoneededfreeaccommodation.B.Thefamouswriterswhooncevisitedthebookstore.C.Theordinarypeoplewhowantedtomeetwithfamouswriters.D.Theambitiouswriterswhospentalongtimeinthebookstore.11.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toencouragepeopletolovereading.B.Tostresstheimportanceofbookstores.C.Toprovideinformationaboutafamousbookstore.D.TosharethestoriesaboutSylviaBeachandGeorge.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了ShakespeareandCompany這個(gè)著名書(shū)店的歷史，名字的由來(lái)以及它的與眾不同?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ShakespeareandCompanyisabookstoreunlikeanyother.ItwashometotheLostGenerationinthe1920s,theBeatGenerationinthe1950s,andshouldbeaplaceanyliterary(文學(xué))loverdreamsofvisitinginParistoday.(ShakespeareandCompany是一家與眾不同的書(shū)店。它是20世紀(jì)20年代迷惘的一代，50年代垮掉的一代的家園，也是任何文學(xué)愛(ài)好者夢(mèng)寐以求的巴黎之旅。)”可知，ShakespeareandCompany的特別之處在于它一直吸引著文學(xué)愛(ài)好者，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“SylviaBeachlefttheofficialnametoGeorgeWhitmaninthelate1950sanduponherdeath.HerenamedhisbookstoreShakespeareandCompanyinherandthestore’shonor.(在20世紀(jì)50年代末，SylviaBeach在臨死之際，將正式名字留給了GeorgeWhitman。為了紀(jì)念SylviaBeach和這個(gè)書(shū)店，George重新將他的書(shū)店命名為ShakespeareandCompany。)”可知，George重新將他的書(shū)店命名為ShakespeareandCompany，是為了紀(jì)念SylviaBeach，即向SylviaBeach致敬，故選A?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“UnderGeorgeWhitman,writersdevotedtowritingwereencouragedtostayinthebookstoreandsleepinsimplebedsthatwereputaroundtheplace.Hecalledthesepeoplethe“tumbleweeds”—peoplewhorolledaroundtheplace,hopingtowritetheirbestwork(在GeorgeWhitman的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，致力于寫(xiě)作的作家們被鼓勵(lì)待在書(shū)店里，睡在簡(jiǎn)單的床上。他稱這些人為“tumbleweeds”——睡在這個(gè)地方的人，希望寫(xiě)出自己最好的作品)”可知，tumbleweeds指的是上文提到的那些長(zhǎng)時(shí)間待在書(shū)店里致力于寫(xiě)作的，有抱負(fù)的作家們，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“ShakespeareandCompanyisabookstoreunlikeanyother.ItwashometotheLostGenerationinthe1920s,theBeatGenerationinthe1950s,andshouldbeaplaceanyliterary(文學(xué))loverdreamsofvisitinginParistoday.(ShakespeareandCompany書(shū)店是一家與眾不同的書(shū)店。它是20世紀(jì)20年代迷惘的一代，50年代垮掉的一代的家園，也是任何文學(xué)愛(ài)好者夢(mèng)寐以求的巴黎之旅。)”可知，文章主要介紹了ShakespeareandCompany這個(gè)著名書(shū)店的歷史，名字的由來(lái)以及它的與眾不同。由此可知，作者的寫(xiě)作目的是提供有關(guān)一家著名書(shū)店的相關(guān)信息。故選C。DAntshavetheabilitytosniffout(嗅出)cancerouscellsinhumans,anewstudyhasdiscovered.ResearchersfromtheFrenchNationalCentreforScientificResearch(CNRS)discoveredthatFormicafuscaants(絲光褐林蟻)wereabletotellcancerouscellsfromhealthycellsinhumans,thankstotheirwelldevelopedsenseofsmell.Butmoreclinicaltestsmustbecarriedoutbeforetheycouldbeusedinclinicalsettingslikehospitals,theteamsaid.Toconducttheirresearch,thescientistsperformedtestswith36ants,smellingcellsunderalaboratorysetting.First,theyexposedtheantstothesmellofasampleofcanceroushumancells.Theantswererewardedwithasugarsolutionwhentheysniffedoutcancercells.Inasecondstep,theresearchersexposedtheantstotwodifferentsmells.Onewasanewsmellandthesecondwasthesmellofthecancerouscells.Oncethistestwassuccessful,theresearchersexposedtheantstodifferentcancerouscells.Assuch,thescientistsfoundthatantstellthedifferencebetweencancerousandhealthycellsandbetweentwocancerouslines.“Thisfirststudyshowsthatantshavehighpotential,arecapableoflearningveryquickly,atlowercost,andareefficient,”pointsoutCNRSinanewsrelease.Thisisn’tthefirsttimethatscientistshaveusedtheanimalsenseofsmelltolocatecancerouscells.“Dogs’nosesarewellsuitedformedicaldiagnosisandusedforthedetectionofcancer-specificvolatileorganiccompound(揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物).However,trainingthemtodosorequiresseveralmonthstoayear.”theresearchersexplained.“Insectscanbeeasilyraisedincontrolledconditions.Theyhaveaverywell-developedsmellsystemandhundredsofindividualscanbetrainedwithveryfewtrials.Antsthereforerepresentafast,efficientandinexpensivetoolfordetectionofcancercellvolatiles.”theresearcherspointout.12.Howmanystepsdidscientiststaketotestants’abilitytodetectcancerouscells?A.Two B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Trainingantstakesmuchtimeandmoney.B.Antscouldbeusedforcancerdiagnosisinfuture.C.Dogshavebeenreplacedbyantsinmedicaldiagnosis.D.Scientistshavedecidedtoraiseantsfordetectiontasks.14.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Dogsarewellsuitedformedicaldiagnosis.B.Antsareplayingavitalroleinclinicalsettings.C.Theanimalsenseofsmellcouldbeusedtotreatcancer.D.Antshavetheabilitytodetectcancerouscellsinhumans.15.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Aguidebook. C.Asciencejournal. D.Afilmreview.【答案】12.B13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻能夠嗅出人體內(nèi)的癌細(xì)胞。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“First,theyexposedtheantstothesmellofasampleofcanceroushumancells.Theantswererewardedwithasugarsolutionwhentheysniffedoutcancercells.Inasecondstep,theresearchersexposedtheantstotwodifferentsmells.Onewasanewsmellandthesecondwasthesmellofthecancerouscells.Oncethistestwassuccessful,theresearchersexposedtheantstodifferentcancerouscells.(首先，他們將螞蟻暴露在人類癌細(xì)胞樣本的氣味中。當(dāng)螞蟻嗅出癌細(xì)胞時(shí)，他們得到了糖溶液作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。第二步，研究人員將螞蟻暴露在兩種不同的氣味中。一種是新的氣味，第二種是癌細(xì)胞的氣味。一旦這項(xiàng)測(cè)試成功，研究人員將螞蟻暴露在不同的癌細(xì)胞中。)”可知，科學(xué)家們采取了三個(gè)步驟來(lái)測(cè)試螞蟻檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞的能力，即他們將螞蟻暴露在人類癌細(xì)胞樣本的氣味中；研究人員將螞蟻暴露在兩種不同的氣味中；研究人員將螞蟻暴露在不同的癌細(xì)胞中。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Assuch,thescientistsfoundthatantstellthedifferencebetweencancerousandhealthycellsandbetweentwocancerouslines.(因此，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)螞蟻能夠區(qū)分癌細(xì)胞和健康細(xì)胞以及兩種癌細(xì)胞系。)”和最后一段““Insectscanbeeasilyraisedincontrolledconditions.Theyhaveaverywell-developedsmellsystemandhundredsofindividualscanbetrainedwithveryfewtrials.Antsthereforerepresentafast,efficientandinexpensivetoolfordetectionofcancercellvolatiles.”theresearcherspointout.(研究人員指出，“昆蟲(chóng)可以很容易地在受控的條件下飼養(yǎng)。它們有一個(gè)非常發(fā)達(dá)的嗅覺(jué)系統(tǒng)，并且數(shù)以百計(jì)的個(gè)人可以用非常少的試驗(yàn)來(lái)訓(xùn)練它門。因此，螞蟻是一種快速、高效和廉價(jià)的檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞揮發(fā)物的工具?！?”可知，螞蟻能夠區(qū)分癌細(xì)胞和健康細(xì)胞以及兩種癌細(xì)胞系，而且用螞蟻來(lái)檢測(cè)檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞揮發(fā)物，是快速、高效和廉價(jià)的，由此可推知，螞蟻將來(lái)可用于癌癥的診斷。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Antshavetheabilitytosniffout(嗅出)cancerouscellsinhumans,anewstudyhasdiscovered.(一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻能夠嗅出人體內(nèi)的癌細(xì)胞)”和最后一段““Insectscanbeeasilyraisedincontrolledconditions.Theyhaveaverywell-developedsmellsystemandhundredsofindividualscanbetrainedwithveryfewtrials.Antsthereforerepresentafast,efficientandinexpensivetoolfordetectionofcancercellvolatiles.”theresearcherspointout.(“昆蟲(chóng)可以很容易地在受控條件下飼養(yǎng)。它們有一個(gè)非常發(fā)達(dá)的嗅覺(jué)系統(tǒng)，只需很少的試驗(yàn)就可以訓(xùn)練數(shù)百只個(gè)體。因此，螞蟻是檢測(cè)癌細(xì)胞揮發(fā)物的快速、高效和廉價(jià)的工具?！毖芯咳藛T指出。)”可知，文章主要講述螞蟻有能力檢測(cè)人體內(nèi)的癌細(xì)胞。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Antshavetheabilitytosniffout(嗅出)cancerouscellsinhumans,anewstudyhasdiscovered.(一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻能夠嗅出人體內(nèi)的癌細(xì)胞)”可知，文章主要介紹一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，螞蟻能夠嗅出人體內(nèi)的癌細(xì)胞，這是有關(guān)科學(xué)方面的知識(shí)，由此可推知，文章可能選自科學(xué)雜志，故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Hungeriscomplicatedandcanhavemanydifferenttriggers(誘因),saidDr.MoniqueTello,directorofresearchandacademicaffairsforthehealthylifestyleprogramatMassachusettsGeneralHospital.Medicalreasons:First,it’simportanttoruleout(排除)anymedicalissuesAnybodywhoisfeelingveryhungryallofthetimeandisn’tabletogainweightorislosingweightshouldseeadoctor.____16____Forexample.manypeoplewithtype1diabetes(糖尿病)saythatthoughtheyeatalot,theyloseweightandfeelterrible.Psychologicalreasons:____17____ButeverpresentfoodmarketingonTVandsocialmediacancausepeopletoeatoftenandalot.Therearealsodeeply-rootedculturaltriggers,liketheideaofeatingthreemealsadayplussnacks.Themorepeopleeat,thelargerthestomachgets.Thenifit’sempty,itsignalsthemtoeatmore.Aperson’sstateofmindcanplayarole,too.____18____.Boredom,anxietyanddepressioncanalsosendpeopletolookintotherefrigeratorwhenthey’renottrulyhungry.Lifestylereasons:Sometimesthebestanswertothequestion“WhyamIalwayshungry?”isthesimplestone:____19____Solutions:LimityourexposuretofoodadvertisingTVandsocialmedia.Removeyourselffromanyfoodtemptations.Feelfullerbyadjustingthequalityofyourdiet:Avoidprocessedcarbohydratesandsugarsfoundinfoodslikewhitebread,bakedgoodsandcereal.____20____Suchchoiceswillkeepyoumoresatisfied,longer.A.Turntoyourdoctorwhenyoufeeldepressed.B.It’sreasonabletobehungryeverythreetofivehours.C.Youareeatingtoolittle,exercisingtoomuch,orboth.D.Aimforadiethigherinfiber,proteinandhealthyfats.E.Someconditionscouldcauseconstantorextremehunger.F.Theyagreethatoneshouldstartthedaywithagoodbreakfast.G.Stressandlackofsleepareassociatedwithhigherlevelsofhunger.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了導(dǎo)致饑餓的不同誘因。【16題詳解】下文“Forexample.manypeoplewithtype1diabetes(糖尿病)saythatthoughtheyeatalot,theyloseweightandfeelterrible.(比如說(shuō)，許多1型糖尿病患者說(shuō)，盡管他們吃得很多，但他們體重減輕了，感覺(jué)很糟糕。)”舉例子說(shuō)明某些身體狀況會(huì)引起饑餓，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出某些狀況能引起饑餓，E項(xiàng)“Someconditionscouldcauseconstantorextremehunger.(某些情況可能導(dǎo)致持續(xù)或極度的饑餓。)”符合，故選E?！?7題詳解】下文“ButeverpresentfoodmarketingonTVandsocialmediacancausepeopletoeatoftenandalot.(但是在電視和社交媒體上展示食品營(yíng)銷會(huì)讓人們經(jīng)常吃很多東西。)”指出受電視和社交媒體影響，人們會(huì)經(jīng)常吃東西，由but可知，前后應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)“It’sreasonabletobehungryeverythreetofivehours.(每隔三到五個(gè)小時(shí)感覺(jué)到餓是合理的。)”符合，正常情況人們每隔三到五個(gè)小時(shí)感覺(jué)到餓是合理的，但是受電視和社交媒體上影響，人們總是感到饑餓，故選B?！?8題詳解】上文“Aperson’sstateofmindcanplayarole,too.(一個(gè)人的精神狀態(tài)也會(huì)起作用。)”指出一個(gè)人的精神狀態(tài)也會(huì)引起饑餓感，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，對(duì)此進(jìn)行具體描述，G項(xiàng)“Stressandlackofsleepareassociatedwithhigherlevelsofhunger.(壓力和睡眠不足與更高水平的饑餓有關(guān)。)”符合，其中Aperson’sstateofmind與Stressandlackofsleep相呼應(yīng)，故選G。【19題詳解】由標(biāo)題“Lifestylereasons:(生活方式原因)”和上文“Sometimesthebestanswertothequestion“WhyamIalwayshungry?”isthesimplestone:(有時(shí)候“為什么我總是餓”這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最佳答案是最簡(jiǎn)單的一個(gè)：)”可知，本段主要介紹生活方式造成人們常有饑餓感，空處應(yīng)該具體介紹一種造成人們饑餓的生活方式，以此來(lái)回答“為什么我總是餓”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，C項(xiàng)“Youareeatingtoolittle,exercisingtoomuch,orboth.(你吃得太少，運(yùn)動(dòng)太多，或者兩者兼而有之。)”符合，故選C?！?0題詳解】上文“LimityourexposuretofoodadvertisingTVandsocialmedia.Removeyourselffromanyfoodtemptations.Feelfullerbyadjustingthequalityofyourdiet:Avoidprocessedcarbohydratesandsugarsfoundinfoodslikewhitebread,bakedgoodsandcereal.(限制你接觸食品廣告、電視和社交媒體。遠(yuǎn)離任何食物的誘惑。通過(guò)調(diào)整你的飲食質(zhì)量來(lái)感覺(jué)更飽:避免在白面包、烘焙食品和谷類食品中發(fā)現(xiàn)加工過(guò)的碳水化合物和糖。)”提出避免饑餓的一些方法，下文“Suchchoiceswillkeepyoumoresatisfied,longer.(這樣的選擇會(huì)讓你更滿意，更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才會(huì)感到饑餓。)”對(duì)上文進(jìn)行總結(jié)，由此可知，空處也應(yīng)和上文一樣，介紹避免饑餓的一個(gè)方法，D項(xiàng)“Aimforadiethigherinfiber,proteinandhealthyfats.(以纖維、蛋白質(zhì)和健康脂肪含量較高的飲食為目標(biāo)。)”符合，故選D。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。A9-yearoldgirlnamedReesewasamongthosewholosttheirentirehometotheCreekFireinFresnoCounty,California.Whileherlovedonesandpetswereableto____21____unhurtalmostallofher____22____weredestroyed.Reeseisabaseball____23____whohasspentthepastfewyearsbuildingupacollectionofbaseballcards.Afterthefire,newsofthechild’sdestroyedcollection____24____theCALFIRE/FresnoCountyFiredepartment.Theydecidedto____25____CHP-Fresnotoasktheircommunityto____26____anyoldbaseballcardstheyhadto____27____thelittlegirl’sday.WhenKevingotthenews,he____28____thoughtoftheboxof____29____hewasplanningtosellbyauction(拍賣).Thenhedecidedtodonatethemalland____30____thefirstresponders(急救人員)andtoldthemwhathewantedtodo.WhentheyfoundoutjusthowmanycardsKevinhad____31____sincethe1990s,theywere____32____.Itwasabout25,000cards.Onthedayofthedonation,dozensoffirstresponders____33____atKevin’shouseto____34____theboxesofcards.Thentheyceremoniously(隆重地)____35____eachandeveryoneofthemtoavery____36____child!ConsideringthefacttheKevin’scollectioncouldhavebroughtinthousandsofdollars____37____he’dsoldthem,we’dsaythiswasthemost____38____donationanyonecouldhaveimagined!Nottomention,thesentimental(情感的)valuecouldneverbe____39____,andhediditalltomakeastranger____40____!21.A.escape B.participate C.disappear D.pretend22.A.journeys B.opportunities C.entertainments D.possessions23.A.lover B.writer C.operator D.manager24.A.educated B.cheated C.reached D.troubled25.A.putupwith B.teamupwith C.catchupwith D.endupwith26.A.preserve B.exchange C.discuss D.donate27.A.brighten B.experience C.schedule D.challenge28.A.apparently B.immediately C.generally D.frequently29.A.stones B.coins C.cards D.baseballs30.A.promised B.convinced C.motivated D.contacted31.A.designed B.ruined C.recommended D.collected32.A.ashamed B.discouraged C.shocked D.annoyed33.A.wokeup B.showedup C.settleddown D.calmeddown34.A.purchase B.gather C.protect D.evaluate35.A.delivered B.contributed C.applied D.lent36.A.silly B.brave C.excited D.curious37.A.unless B.if C.until D.as38.A.romantic B.successful C.generous D.sensitive39.A.controlled B.remembered C.increased D.replaced40.A.smile B.sigh C.nod D.regret【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.C25.B26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.D32.C33.B34.B35.A36.C37.B38.C39.D40.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一場(chǎng)火災(zāi)燒毀了Reese收集的棒球卡片，消防局得知這個(gè)消息后，開(kāi)始與Chp-Fresno合作，讓他們的社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片。當(dāng)Kevin聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，將自己收集多年，價(jià)值數(shù)千美元的卡片捐給了Reese的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她所愛(ài)的人和寵物能夠安然無(wú)恙地逃脫，但是幾乎她所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都被毀掉了。A.escape逃脫；B.participate參加；C.disappear消失；D.pretend假裝。由上文“A9-yearoldgirlnamedReesewasamongthosewholosttheirentirehometotheCreekFireinFresnoCounty,California.Whileherlovedonesandpetswereableto”可知，Reese的家園發(fā)生火災(zāi)，但是她所愛(ài)的人和寵物安然無(wú)恙地逃脫了，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管她所愛(ài)的人和寵物能夠安然無(wú)恙地逃脫，但是幾乎她所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都被毀掉了。A.journeys旅行；B.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)；C.entertainments娛樂(lè)；D.possessions財(cái)產(chǎn)。由上文的“While”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，雖然她所愛(ài)的人和寵物能夠安然無(wú)恙地逃脫，但是幾乎她所有的財(cái)產(chǎn)都被毀掉了，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Reese是個(gè)棒球愛(ài)好者，過(guò)去幾年一直在收集棒球卡片。A.lover愛(ài)好者；B.writer作者；C.operator接線員；D.manager經(jīng)理。由下文“whohasspentthepastfewyearsbuildingupacollectionofbaseballcards.”可知，Reese喜歡收集棒球卡，由此可知，她是個(gè)棒球愛(ài)好者，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：火災(zāi)發(fā)生后，這個(gè)孩子的收藏品被毀的消息傳到了加州火災(zāi)弗雷斯諾縣消防局。A.educated制作；B.cheated欺騙；C.reached到達(dá)；D.troubled使憂慮；苦惱。由下文“Theydecidedto____5____CHP-Fresnotoasktheircommunityto_____6____anyoldbaseballcardstheyhadto_____7_____thelittlegirl’sday.”可知，Reese的藏品被毀的消息傳到了加州火災(zāi)弗雷斯諾縣消防局，所以他們決定幫助她。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他們決定和Chp-Fresno合作，讓他們的社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片，來(lái)使小女孩高興起來(lái)。A.putupwith忍受；B.teamupwith與……合作；C.catchupwith趕上；D.endupwith結(jié)束。由下文“CHP-Fresnotoasktheircommunityto”可知，此處指消防局的人們決定和Chp-Fresno合作，讓他們的社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們決定和Chp-Fresno合作，讓他們社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片，來(lái)使小女孩高興起來(lái)。A.preserve保存；B.exchange交換；C.discuss討論；D.donate捐贈(zèng)。由下文“anyoldbaseballcardstheyhad”可知，此處指捐贈(zèng)舊的棒球卡片給小女孩，故選D。【27題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們決定和Chp-Fresno合作，讓他們的社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片，來(lái)使小女孩高興起來(lái)。A.brighten使明亮；使快活起來(lái)；B.experience經(jīng)歷；C.schedule預(yù)定；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由下文“thelittlegirl’sday”可知，消防局的人們讓他們的社區(qū)捐贈(zèng)舊棒球卡片給小女孩，目的是讓小女孩高興起來(lái)，故選A?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)凱文得到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他立刻想到了他打算拍賣的那盒卡片。A.apparently顯然；B.immediately立即；C.generally大概；D.frequently頻繁地。由上文“WhenKevingotthenews”可知，當(dāng)Kevin得到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他立刻想到了他的卡片，故選B。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)Kevin得到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他立刻想到了他打算拍賣那盒卡片。A.stones石頭；B.coins硬幣；C.cards卡片；D.baseballs棒球。由上文“anyoldbaseballcards”可知，此處指棒球卡片，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后他決定把它們?nèi)烤璩鋈?，并且?lián)系了第一批急救人員，告訴他們他想做的事。A.promised承諾；B.convinced使信服；C.motivated激勵(lì)；D.contacted聯(lián)系。由上文“Thenhedecidedtodonatethemall”和下文“andtoldthemwhathewantedtodo.”可知，Kevin想把卡片捐給Reese，所以他聯(lián)系了第一批急救人員，故選D。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)Kevin從20世紀(jì)90年代到現(xiàn)在，收集了多少卡片時(shí)，他們震驚了。A.designed設(shè)計(jì)；B.ruined毀壞；C.recommended推薦；D.collected收集。由上文“howmanycardsKevinhad”可知，此處指收集卡片，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)Kevin從20世紀(jì)90年代到現(xiàn)在，收集了多少卡片時(shí)，他們震驚了。A.ashamed感到羞愧的；B.discouraged泄氣的；C.shocked震驚的；D.annoyed惱怒的。由下文“Itwasabout25,000cards.”可知，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)Kevin收集了大概有兩萬(wàn)五千張卡片，對(duì)此他們感到很震驚。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：捐贈(zèng)那天，幾十個(gè)急救人員來(lái)到Kevin家收集那些卡片。A.wokeup醒來(lái)；B.showedup露面；出現(xiàn)；C.settleddown定居下來(lái)；D.calmeddown冷靜下來(lái)。由上文“Onthedayofthedonation,dozensoffirstresponders”和下文“atKevin’shouse”可知，捐贈(zèng)那天，幾十個(gè)急救人員出現(xiàn)在Kevin家來(lái)收集那些卡片，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：捐贈(zèng)那天，幾十個(gè)急救人員來(lái)到Kevin家收集那些卡片。A.purchase購(gòu)買；B.gather收集；C.