重慶市2024屆高三下學(xué)期二模英語試題 含解析

第1頁/共1頁2024年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試高三第二次聯(lián)合診斷檢測(cè)英語英語測(cè)試卷共8頁，滿分150分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Fireatthieves.B.Getbackthering.C.Giveupthering.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inastore.3.Whenwillthewoman’srentbedue?A.OnMay18th.B.OnMay20th.C.OnMay21st.4.Whatdoestheguesssoundlike?A.Justfunny.B.Reasonable.C.Nonsense.5.Howwasthewoman’sbagbought?A.ThroughtheInternet.B.Withherbonus.C.Atahighprice.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Weekendplans.B.Favoritesports.C.Outdooractivities.7.Whyisthemannotsureaboutgoingcamping?A.Hedoesn’tlikeit.B.Hewillbebusy.C.Hewashopingtoseeamovie.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whodidthemanlearnthetradefrom?A.Fromhisfriend.B.Fromhimself.C.Fromhismother.9.Howmuchdoesthewomanfinallywanttopayforthering?A.$45.B.$40.C.$35.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthelady’smaingoal?A.Tokeepagoodfigure.B.Togetmoreexercise.C.Tohaveaphysicalexamination.11.Whatdoyouthinkofthework-outplan?A.Effectiveforeveryone.B.Verypersonal.C.Hardtocarryout.12Whydoesthewomanchoosetheone-monthservice?A.Tosavemoney.B.Toachievehergoal.C.Tohaveatry.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whydotheyneedcapsandgowns?A.Foracampusshow.B.Forthegraduationceremony.C.Foragrandparty.14.Howdomoststudentsgettheircapsandgowns?A.Theyrentthem.B.Theschoolprovidesthem.C.Theybuythem.15.Whydosomeoftheeducationmajorshavetheircapsandgownsmade?A.Theykeepthemasreminders.B.Theycanusethemagain.C.Theycanbemorebeautiful.16.WhatdoesMaryaskLisatodo?A.Totakeapictureforher.B.Tohaveapicturetakentogether.C.Totakeapicturewiththeman.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhydidCleaver’sdesignwinaprizeinthe2024competition?A.ItwellrepresentstheChinesedragon.B.ItsymbolicallyshowsChineseNewYear.C.Ittrulydisplayswhatthedragonlookslike.18.WhatqualitiesoftheChinesedragondoesthedesignindicate?A.Powerandleadership.B.Kindnessandcourage.C.Knowledgeandwisdom.19.WhatisspecialabouttheChineseloongcomparedwiththeWesterndragon?A.Morefearful.B.Morepositive.C.Morerealistic.20.WhatdoweknowaboutPhilCleaver?A.HehasaspecialloveofChineseanimals.B.HehasexcellentskillsofChinesepainting.C.HehasagoodunderstandingofChineseculture.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APaintandSipClass*PinkLake*Discoveradifferenttimeout,enteryourhappyandrelaxingplaceforsomeme-timeorwithyourfriends,familyorworkmatesbyyourside.AboutthisEventWHATYOU’LLGET●Allpaintingmaterialsareprovidedsuchascanvas(畫布),paints,andbrushes●Weprovideallglassware,andbottleopeners●Takehomeyourownfinishedartworkona30×40inchesstretchedcanvas●Anafternoonfulloffunandenthusiasmalongwithgreatmusicwhileyougainartisticinstructionfromaprofessionalartist!WHATTOBRING●Athirstforpaintingandtryingsomethingnew●YourfavoritedrinkandsnackThestudio’sdooropens15minutesbeforeandcloses15minutesafterthestartingtime.Arrivinglaterwouldbeconsideredano-show-up!Unlessyouinformusbeforethestartingtimebycalling(03)98528772.Date&Time:Sun.June16,2024,at02:00pmto04:00pmLocation:LadderArtSpace,4/81DenmarkSt,Kew,AustraliaTicket:AU$59.00AgePolicyIndividualsunder18yearsoldmustbeaccompaniedbyapayingadult.Werecommendages7andolderfor“PaintYourPet”andFamilyDayclasses.NOINFANTS(嬰幼兒)PLEASE.EventPhotos&VideosWetakealotofphotosandvideosofourclassesforFacebookandotherformsofsocialmedia.Ifyoudonotwanttobeincludedinsuchphotos,pleaseadviseastaffmemberuponarrival.BookingPolicyNoticeperiodforarefund●1-3seats:Morethan72hours●4-9seats:Morethan7daysPleasenotethatthereisa$4.33EventBritefeeperperson,takenawayfromthetotalrefundamount.Classesrequireacertainnumberofenrolment(報(bào)名)toproceed.Coursesthatdonotmeetminimumenrolmentlevelsmaybecanceled.1.Whatcanaparticipantgainaftertheevent?A.A30×40inchesunpaintedcanvas. B.Eventphotosandteachingvideos.C.Theartworkofaprofessionalartist. D.Thefinishedpaintingofone’sown.2.Whoistheeventmainlyintendedfor?A.Residentswithsomefreetime. B.Familieswithoutpetsorinfants.C.Teenagersmajoringinmodernart. D.Adultsthirstyformakingfriends.3.Howmuchcanyougetbackifyouwantarefundfortwopersons3daysinadvance?A.AU$118. B.AU$113.67. C.AU$109.34. D.AU$8.66.【答案】1.D2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了一個(gè)放松身心的繪畫活動(dòng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WHATYOU’LLGET部分“Takehomeyourownfinishedartworkona30×40inchesstretchedcanvas(把你自己完成的30×40英寸拉伸畫布上的藝術(shù)品帶回家)”可知，活動(dòng)結(jié)束后，可以把自己完成的畫作帶回家。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段“Discoveradifferenttimeout,enteryourhappyandrelaxingplaceforsomeme-timeorwithyourfriends,familyorworkmatesbyyourside.(找一個(gè)不同的時(shí)間出去，進(jìn)入你快樂和放松的地方，與你的朋友，家人或同事在你身邊)”以及AgePolicy部分“Individualsunder18yearsoldmustbeaccompaniedbyapayingadult.(18歲以下人士必須由付費(fèi)成人陪同)”可知，這個(gè)活動(dòng)主要是為了讓參與者輕松快樂，與家人朋友或同事一起度過一段樂趣時(shí)光，主要針對(duì)是有閑暇時(shí)間的成年人，未成年人需要陪同。故選A。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)價(jià)格信息“Ticket:AU$59.00(票價(jià)：AU$59.00)”和最后一段中退票原則“Pleasenotethatthereisa$4.33EventBritefeeperperson,takenawayfromthetotalrefundamount.(請(qǐng)注意，從總退款金額中扣除每人4.33美元的EventBrite費(fèi)用)”可知，每人$59.00，退票每人須扣除$4.33的手續(xù)費(fèi)，故兩人退票會(huì)退回59×2-4.33×2=109.34。故選C。BBaseballwaseverythingtoWalkerSmallwood.Butwhenhewasjust14yearsold,hegotheartbreakingnewsthathehadarareformofbonecancergrowinginhisleftleg.Hisbaseballplayingcametoasuddenstopashespentthenextthreeyearsundergoingsixsurgeries,24treatmentsand18hospitalstays.Theyoungpitcher’slegwouldneverbestrongenoughtomakecompetitiveplayinganoption.“AtthetimeIguessIwasjustkindofindenial,becausemywholelife,dayinanddayout,wasbuiltaroundbaseballandsports,”Walkersaid.“Itwasprettydisastrous,”hismom,Pamsaid.Themostthe17-year-oldwouldbeabletodoisplaycatchwithhisteammatesastheywarmedupfortheirgames.Astheteamapproachedthefinalgameoftheseason,Walker’sparentsandcoachagreedthathecouldpitch(投球)foraninning(一局)ortwofortheoldtime’ssake.“Sayyoudidit,havesomefun,andthenthat’llbeit.Obviously,that’snotwhathappened,”Walkersaid.Whatendeduphappeningwasmorethananyoneeverexpected.Walkernotonlythrewsolidpitchesinthatfirstinning,buthealsoendeduppitchingano-hitter.Thecoachdecidedtokeephiminthegameuntilhestartedgivinguppitches,butthatneverhappened.Smallwoodstruckoutallbuttwohittersfortheentiregameandtiedaschoolrecordintheprocess.“Iwasintears,mostofthestandswereintears—justoneofthosespecialmomentsthatwe’llcherishforever,”momPamsaid.Smallwoodmayneverplayagain.He’sactuallyfinewiththatnowbecausewhoneedsaWorldSeriesringwhenyou’vealreadytakenonyourgreatestcompetitorandgoneundefeated.4.Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinparagraph2referto?A.Theseriousinjurytohisleg. B.Thechildhoodbaseballdream.C.Theriskofmultiplesurgeries. D.Thelong-termmentalstress.5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWalkerSmallwood?A.Confidentandenergetic. B.Ambitiousanddetermined.C.Brilliantandconsiderate. D.Optimisticandindependent.6.WhydoestheauthormentionaWorldSeriesringinthelastparagraph?A.Toemphasizethevalueofcherishingeverymoment.B.Tostressthesignificanceofanychampionshipprize.C.TohighlightWalker’spersonalsuccessatthegame.D.ToservesasareminderofchallengesinWalker’slife.7.WhatcanwelearnfromWalker’sstory?A.Misfortunecantelluswhatfortuneis. B.Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks.C.Constantdroppingwearsawayastone. D.Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，本文介紹了17歲男孩WalkerSmallwood因患一種罕見的癌癥不得不放棄棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)。他重返球場(chǎng)參加最后一場(chǎng)比賽，投出了一個(gè)無安打的球，震驚所有人。【4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前兩段以及“Theyoungpitcher’slegwouldneverbestrongenoughtomakecompetitiveplayinganoption.(這位年輕投手的腿永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)強(qiáng)壯到足以讓他參加比賽)”可知，Walker一直夢(mèng)想成為職業(yè)棒球手，但因癌癥造成腿部傷害，無力支持高強(qiáng)度運(yùn)動(dòng)，媽媽因此想表達(dá)這簡(jiǎn)直是災(zāi)難性的，所以it在這里就是指代前面的癌癥使得他的腿受傷無力這件事。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Sayyoudidit,havesomefun,andthenthat’llbeit.Obviously,that’snotwhathappened(說你做到了，找點(diǎn)樂子，然后就行了。顯然，事實(shí)并非如此)”和第五段中“Walkernotonlythrewsolidpitchesinthatfirstinning,buthealsoendeduppitchingano-hitter.Thecoachdecidedtokeephiminthegameuntilhestartedgivinguppitches,butthatneverhappened.(Walker不僅在第一局投出了穩(wěn)定的球，而且他最終投出了無安打。教練決定讓他留在比賽中，直到他開始放棄投球，但這并沒有發(fā)生)”可知，Walker在得知有機(jī)會(huì)參加最后一場(chǎng)比賽后，就決心不只是去玩玩，而是認(rèn)真打比賽。結(jié)果他投出了一個(gè)無安打的球，超出所有人的預(yù)期。從這里可以看出這位年輕投手有追求，有決心，也很努力，棒球是他一生的追求，說明他很有雄心壯志。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。從文章最后一段“Smallwoodmayneverplayagain.He’sactuallyfinewiththatnowbecausewhoneedsaWorldSeriesringwhenyou’vealreadytakenonyourgreatestcompetitorandgoneundefeated.(Smallwood可能再也不會(huì)上場(chǎng)了。他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)接受了，因?yàn)楫?dāng)你已經(jīng)打敗了你最大的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手并且保持不敗時(shí)，誰還需要一個(gè)世界大賽戒指呢)”可知，作者是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)Smallwood當(dāng)天在棒球場(chǎng)上的成就超過了任何冠軍獎(jiǎng)的意義。一枚世界大賽戒指是棒球終極成就的象征，但Smallwood克服癌癥帶來的傷痛，投出一個(gè)無安打的球，所向無敵，其它榮譽(yù)何足掛齒。雖然他可能再也不能打球了，但他并不感到失落。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Hisbaseballplayingcametoasuddenstopashespentthenextthreeyearsundergoingsixsurgeries,24treatmentsand18hospitalstays.(在接下來的三年里，他經(jīng)歷了6次手術(shù)、24次治療和18次住院，他的棒球生涯戛然而止)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“Smallwoodstruckoutallbuttwohittersfortheentiregameandtiedaschoolrecordintheprocess.(Smallwood在整場(chǎng)比賽中三振了除兩名擊球手外的所有人，并在此過程中追平了學(xué)校的記錄)”可知，本文介紹了17歲男孩WalkerSmallwood因患一種罕見的癌癥不得不放棄棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)。他重返球場(chǎng)參加最后一場(chǎng)比賽，投出了一個(gè)無安打的球，震驚所有人。D項(xiàng)“Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.(那些殺不死你的，終將使你更強(qiáng)大)”符合題意，無法打敗你的事情才能讓你更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，點(diǎn)明中心。故選D。CWhileananalysisoftheGlobalDietaryDatabasefortheyears1990,2005,and2018foundoverallconsumptionofsweeteneddrinksincreased—bynearly16%worldwideoverthe28-yearperiodstudied—regionalintakewidelyvaried,researcherssay.Sugarydrinkshavebeenwidelyassociatedwithoverweightandheartrelateddiseases,whichareamongtheleadingcausesofdeathandyearslosttodisabilityglobally.Manynationalguidelinesrecommendlimitingaddedsugarstolessthan5%to10%ofdailycalories,andbecausesodas(汽水)addnonutritionalvalue,somecountriestaxtheirconsumptiontohelptheirresidentsmeetthisgoal.Thestudy,publishedinNatureCommunications,isthelatestpresentationofhowadultsin185countriesdrinksugar-sweetenedbeverages(飲料).Intakesvariedwidelybyworldregion.In2018,theaveragepersonconsumed2.7servingsofsugarydrinksperweek,butthisrangedfrom0.7servingsperweekinSouthAsiato7.8servingsperweekinLatinAmerica.Andsomeofthehighestsugarydrinkintakesintheworldwereamongurban,highlyeducatedadultsinSub-SaharanAfrica(12.4servingsperweek)andinLatinAmerica(8.5servingsperweek).“Wewerestruckbythewidevariationsbyworldregionsin2018;thatLatinAmericahadthelargestintakesatalltimepointsdespiteanoveralldecreaseovertime;andthatSub-SaharanAfricahadthegreatestincreasesacrossalltimepoints,”saysLauraLara-Castor,aPhDcandidateatTuftsUniversity.“Theseresultssuggestthatmoreworkisneededsuchasmarketingregulations,foodlabeling,andsodataxes.”InformationfromtheGlobalDietaryDatabase,whichgathershundredsofsurveyresults,alsorevealedarelationshipbetweensugarybeveragesandsocio-economicstatus.“Sugar-sweetenedbeverageintakehasincreasedinthepastfewdecadesdespiteeffortstodecreasetheirappeal,”saysresearchers.“Somepopulationsareespeciallyeasilyaffected,andourfindingsprovideevidencetoinformtheneedanddesignofnationalandmoretargetedpoliciestoreducetheirintakeworldwide.”8.Whatisthemainconcernaboutsugarydrinks?A.Theyarejustabarriertoweightloss. B.Theyarelinkedtohealthissues.C.Theyarefarfromnutritionstandard. D.Theyareatotalwasteofmoney.9.Whydosomecountriestaxtheconsumptionofsodas?A.Toincreaseincomeforthegovernment. B.Topromotethesalesofhealthierdrinks.C.Todiscouragepeoplefromdrinkingsodas. D.Tosetalimittothepriceofsugarydrinks.10.WhatistheprimaryfocusofthestudypublishedinNatureCommunications?A.Sugarydrinkconsumptiontrends. B.Impactofsodataxesonpurchases.C.Regionalvariationsindietaryhabits. D.Globaldietaryinformationanalysis.11.Whatcanweinferfromtheresultsofthestudy?A.Sugarydrinkshavenothingtodowitheconomicstatus.B.Theappealofsugarydrinkscannotbeunderestimated.C.Somepeopleareveryparticularaboutthesugarydrinks.D.Nationalpoliciesonsugarydrinksaremorethanenough.【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了含糖飲料攝入量在過去幾十年不斷增加，人們對(duì)含糖飲料的渴望與居住的地方有關(guān)。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Sugarydrinkshavebeenwidelyassociatedwithoverweightandheartrelateddiseases,whichareamongtheleadingcausesofdeathandyearslosttodisabilityglobally.(人們普遍認(rèn)為含糖飲料與超重和心臟相關(guān)疾病有關(guān)，而這些疾病是全球范圍內(nèi)導(dǎo)致死亡和殘疾的主要原因之一。)”可知，人們對(duì)含糖飲料的主要擔(dān)憂是它與健康問題有關(guān)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Manynationalguidelinesrecommendlimitingaddedsugarstolessthan5%to10%ofdailycalories,andbecausesodas(汽水)addnonutritionalvalue,somecountriestaxtheirconsumptiontohelptheirresidentsmeetthisgoal.(許多國(guó)家的指導(dǎo)方針建議將添加糖限制在每日熱量的5%至10%以下，由于汽水沒有增加營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，一些國(guó)家對(duì)其消費(fèi)征稅，以幫助其居民實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。)”可知，有的國(guó)家對(duì)汽水增加稅收是為了讓人們少喝沒有營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的汽水，達(dá)到控制每日糖攝入量的目的。故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thestudy,publishedinNatureCommunications,isthelatestpresentationofhowadultsin185countriesdrinksugar-sweetenedbeverages(飲料).Intakesvariedwidelybyworldregion.In2018,theaveragepersonconsumed2.7servingsofsugarydrinksperweek,butthisrangedfrom0.7servingsperweekinSouthAsiato7.8servingsperweekinLatinAmerica.Andsomeofthehighestsugarydrinkintakesintheworldwereamongurban,highlyeducatedadultsinSub-SaharanAfrica(12.4servingsperweek)andinLatinAmerica(8.5servingsperweek).“Wewerestruckbythewidevariationsbyworldregionsin2018;thatLatinAmericahadthelargestintakesatalltimepointsdespiteanoveralldecreaseovertime;andthatSub-SaharanAfricahadthegreatestincreasesacrossalltimepoints,”saysLauraLara-Castor,aPhDcandidateatTuftsUniversity.(該研究發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上，是185個(gè)國(guó)家的成年人如何飲用含糖飲料的最新報(bào)告。攝入量因世界地區(qū)而異。2018年，平均每人每周飲用2.7份含糖飲料，但從南亞的每周0.7份到拉丁美洲的每周7.8份不等。世界上含糖飲料攝入量最高的地區(qū)是撒哈拉以南非洲（每周12.4份）和拉丁美洲（每周8.5份）受過高等教育的城市成年人?！拔覀儗?duì)2018年世界各地區(qū)的巨大差異感到震驚;拉丁美洲的留學(xué)生人數(shù)在所有時(shí)間點(diǎn)上都是最多的，盡管隨著時(shí)間的推移總體上有所減少;而撒哈拉以南非洲在所有時(shí)間點(diǎn)上的增幅最大，”塔夫茨大學(xué)的博士候選人勞拉·拉拉-卡斯特說。)”可知，研究核心是飲食習(xí)慣的地區(qū)差異。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Sugar-sweetenedbeverageintakehasincreasedinthepastfewdecadesdespiteeffortstodecreasetheirappeal,”saysresearchers.“Somepopulationsareespeciallyeasilyaffected,andourfindingsprovideevidencetoinformtheneedanddesignofnationalandmoretargetedpoliciestoreducetheirintakeworldwide.”(研究人員說：“盡管人們努力降低含糖飲料的吸引力，但在過去的幾十年里，含糖飲料的攝入量卻在增加。”“一些人群特別容易受到影響，我們的研究結(jié)果為各國(guó)制定更有針對(duì)性的政策以減少全球范圍內(nèi)的攝入提供了證據(jù)?！?”可知，在過去的幾十年里，盡管在努力降低含糖飲料的吸引力，但其攝入量仍在增加，由此可知，含糖飲料的吸引力不容小覷。故選B。DThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.Onlysomepeopleseemcapableofthissplit-secondformofheroism.Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.Ofcourse,heroismandcouragecanappearinmanyforms,andmenandwomenrisktheirreputations,health,andsocialstandingtodowhattheythinkisright.Whenitcomestophysicallyriskybravery,peopleassumethatmenwilltakethelead.Therearesoundbiologicalreasonsforthisfixedimage.Oneofthemostcommonfearsinmenisthatthey’llbeoutedasacoward(懦夫),andamanwhofailstodisplayphysicalcouragewillsufferdamagetohisreputationinawaythatawomanwillnot.Throughouthumanhistory,attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(同齡人)hasbeentheticketthatneedstogetpunchedformentoattractmatesandfatherchildren.Peopletendtohaveanideaofwhatheroesarelike.Whenratingthepersonalitiesofmovieheroes,participantsexpectedthemtobemorecarefulandhard-working,opentoexperience,agreeable,andemotionallystablethantheaverageperson.Butsomestudiesindicatethatpeoplewhoexhibitheroicbehaviorscorehighonpersonalityusuallyassociatedwithmadmen:risk-taking,sensationseeking,coolnessunderstress,andatendencytotakeoverinsocialsituations.Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenpersonalityandheroismisatanearlystage.Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.Futuredisasterswillcryoutforfurtheractsoftrueheroism.Hopefully,therightmixofcircumstancesandpersonalitiesenablecouragetocarrytheday.12.Howisthetopicintroducedinthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bypresentingaconcept.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Bydrawingaconclusion.13.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getpunched”inparagraph2mean?A.Bebought. B.Begifted. C.Beobtained. D.Beabandoned.14.Whyisitdifficulttopredictwhowillactheroicallyinacrisis?A.Heroesandordinarypeoplearealwaysdifficulttotellapart.B.Heroismisaphenomenoninfluencedbynumerousfactors.C.Unknowncircumstancesplayacrucialroleinheroicacts.D.Individualpersonalityisnotareliableindicatorofheroism.15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowAreHeroesTrained? B.WhyAreHeroesImportant?C.WhoAretheTrueHeroes? D.WhatMakesaPersonHeroic?【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文，本文討論了為什么有的人愿意冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去救助他人?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。開篇“ThreeyoungAmericanmenwereonacrowdedtrainwhentheyencounteredaheavilyarmedterrorist.Withlittleregardfortheirpersonalsafety,theyrushedtheterroristandcontrolledhim.(三名年輕的美國(guó)男子在擁擠的火車上遇到了一名全副武裝的恐怖分子。他們不顧自己的人身安全，沖向恐怖分子并控制住了他)”作者描述了三個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)人在擁擠的列車上不顧個(gè)人安危，挺身而出，勇斗并制服全副武裝的恐怖分子。這個(gè)具體的事例引出了本篇文章的主題——為什么有的人能成為英雄。故選A?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合劃線部分所在句中“attainingapositionofhighstatusordominanceamongone’speers(在同輩中獲得崇高或主導(dǎo)地位)”可推知，在同輩中獲得崇高或主導(dǎo)地位對(duì)男性來說應(yīng)是一種榮譽(yù)、優(yōu)勢(shì)，故此處指在人類歷史上，在同輩中獲得崇高或主導(dǎo)地位一直是男性吸引伴侶和生育后代的必要條件。getpunched指“獲取入場(chǎng)券或通行證”。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段“Psychologistsarestillatalosstopredictinadvancewhowillheroicallystepupwhenneeded.Often,theheroisanotherwiseordinarypersonwhofindshimselfinextraordinarycircumstances.Meanwhile,someindividualstrainedtobehaveheroicallymighthesitateduringacrisis.(心理學(xué)家仍然無法提前預(yù)測(cè)誰會(huì)在需要的時(shí)候挺身而出。通常，英雄是一個(gè)普通人，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于非同尋常的環(huán)境中。與此同時(shí)，一些受過英勇訓(xùn)練的人可能會(huì)在危機(jī)中猶豫不決)”可知，心理學(xué)家們?nèi)匀粺o法提前預(yù)測(cè)誰會(huì)在需要時(shí)挺身而出。因?yàn)橛⑿壑髁x是與復(fù)雜的個(gè)人特質(zhì)有關(guān)，往往是在極端壓力和不確定性下表現(xiàn)出來。然而有些人可能接受過英雄主義行為的訓(xùn)練，但這并不意味著他們?cè)谒星闆r下都能表現(xiàn)出英勇行為，他們可能會(huì)在危機(jī)中猶豫或失去勇氣。由于個(gè)體差異、不確定情境、受訓(xùn)經(jīng)歷、心理情緒多種因素的影響，很難預(yù)測(cè)誰會(huì)在危機(jī)中英勇行動(dòng)。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Whysomemenrisetotheoccasion—andothersdon’t—hasbeenabittrickytoexplain.Psychologistshaveexploredthisquestionthroughbiologicalandpersonalitypsychology.(為什么有些男人能應(yīng)付得了，而有些人卻不能，這一點(diǎn)很難解釋。心理學(xué)家通過生物心理學(xué)和人格心理學(xué)探索了這個(gè)問題)”可知，文章主要講心理學(xué)家通過生物心理學(xué)和人格心理學(xué)探討了為什么有人愿意冒著生命危險(xiǎn)去救助他人這個(gè)問題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。BasedonhisownresearchatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louisandotherscientificstudies,psychologylecturerBonooffersthefollowingtipsforgettingandstayinghappierinyourlife.____16____Lookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleofdaysbeforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotaketimetoenjoyeachbiteofdessert.Ontheopposite,getnegativetasksoutofthewayasquicklyaspossible—anydelaywillonlymakethemseemworse.Peoplewhofocusmoreonprocessthanoutcometendtoremainmotivatedinthefaceofsetbacks.They’rebetteratstickingwithmajorchallengesandpreferthemovertheeasyroute.____17____Becauseitcelebratesrewardsthatcomefromtheworkitself.Focusingonlyontheoutcomecanleadtoprematureburnoutifthingsdon’tgowell.____18____Findanactivitythatallowsyoutogettogetherwithfriendsonaregular,ongoingbasis.Aweeklyhappyhour,pokernight,orTVshowensuresconsistencyandmotivationinyoursocialinteractions.Peoplewithhigh-qualityrelationshipsarenotonlyhappier,butalsohealthier.____19____Thenexttimeyouareattractedtouseyourphonetolookthroughsocialmedia,lookthroughyourlistofcontactsinstead.____20____Thehappinessyougetfromarealconnectionwithanotherpersonwillbefargreaterthananycommentsorlikesyougetonsocialmedia.A.Anticipationitselfispleasurable.B.Decreaseunnecessarysocializing.C.FindsomeonetocallorFaceTime.D.This“growthmindset”helpspeoplestayenergized.E.FacebookandInstagramoftenoverstatehowmuchbetteroffothersare.F.Nothingismoreimportantforourpsychologicalhealththanhigh-qualityfriendships.G.Theyrecoverfromillnessesmorequickly,livelonger,andenjoymoreenrichedlives.【答案】16.A17.D18.F19.G20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，如何在生活中變得更加快樂、如何保持更加快樂。大學(xué)心理學(xué)講師根據(jù)自己的研究提出了四條建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Lookingforwardtoanenjoyableexperiencecanmakeitallthatmuchsweeter.Waitacoupleofdaysbeforeseeinganewmoviethatjustcameout,planyourbigvacationforlaterinthesummer,andtrytotaketimetoenjoyeachbiteofdessert.(期待一次愉快的經(jīng)歷會(huì)讓一切變得更加甜蜜。等上幾天再去看一部剛上映的新電影，計(jì)劃一下你夏天晚些時(shí)候的大假期，試著花時(shí)間享受每一口甜點(diǎn))”可知，本段主要是說對(duì)未來美好的期待會(huì)使這段經(jīng)歷更加甜美，A項(xiàng)“期待本身是令人愉快的”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplewhofocusmoreonprocessthanoutcometendtoremainmotivatedinthefaceofsetbacks.They’rebetteratstickingwithmajorchallengesandpreferthemovertheeasyroute.(那些更關(guān)注過程而不是結(jié)果的人在面對(duì)挫折時(shí)往往會(huì)保持動(dòng)力。他們更善于堅(jiān)持重大挑戰(zhàn)，更喜歡挑戰(zhàn)而不是簡(jiǎn)單的路線)”可知，關(guān)注過程比關(guān)注結(jié)果更能激勵(lì)人們面對(duì)挫折，結(jié)合本段末句“Focusingonlyontheoutcomecanleadtoprematureburnoutifthingsdon’tgowell.(如果事情進(jìn)展不順利，只關(guān)注結(jié)果會(huì)導(dǎo)致過早倦怠)”可知，只關(guān)注結(jié)果會(huì)使人倦怠，空處應(yīng)是描述與之相反的關(guān)注過程的積極影響，D項(xiàng)“這種‘成長(zhǎng)心態(tài)’幫助人們保持精力充沛”符合語境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Findanactivitythatallowsyoutogettogetherwithfriendsonaregular,ongoingbasis.Aweeklyhappyhour,pokernight,orTVshowensuresconsistencyandmotivationinyoursocialinteractions.Peoplewithhigh-qualityrelationshipsarenotonlyhappier,butalsohealthier.(找一個(gè)能讓你定期和朋友聚在一起的活動(dòng)。每周的歡樂時(shí)光、撲克之夜或電視節(jié)目可以確保你在社交活動(dòng)中的一致性和動(dòng)力。擁有高質(zhì)量人際關(guān)系的人不僅更快樂，也更健康)”可知，本段主要講友誼對(duì)心理健康的重要作用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“沒有什么比高質(zhì)量的友誼對(duì)我們的心理健康更重要的了”符合語境，故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplewithhigh-qualityrelationshipsarenotonlyhappier,butalsohealthier.(擁有高質(zhì)量人際關(guān)系的人不僅更快樂，也更健康)”可知，高質(zhì)量的友誼不僅使人更加快樂，而且使人更加健康，G項(xiàng)“他們從疾病中恢復(fù)得更快，活得更長(zhǎng)，享受更豐富的生活”符合語境，持續(xù)講述高質(zhì)量友誼的作用，故選G?！?0題詳解】空前“Thenexttimeyouareattractedtouseyourphonetolookthroughsocialmedia,lookthroughyourlistofcontactsinstead.(下次你想用手機(jī)瀏覽社交媒體時(shí)，先看看你的聯(lián)系人列表吧)”提到，如果要瀏覽社交媒體時(shí)，就看看通訊錄，結(jié)合下文“Thehappinessyougetfromarealconnectionwithanotherpersonwillbefargreaterthananycommentsorlikesyougetonsocialmedia.(你從與另一個(gè)人的真正聯(lián)系中獲得的快樂將遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于你在社交媒體上得到的任何評(píng)論或點(diǎn)贊)”可知，空處應(yīng)是承接上文，查看同學(xué)錄給某個(gè)人打電話或視頻，C項(xiàng)“找一個(gè)可以打電話或視頻通話的人”符合語境，承接上文動(dòng)作，且呼應(yīng)下文“arealconnectionwithanotherperson”，故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。In1970,AlanAyerswasparticipatinginaskydivingteamcompetitioninGainesville,Florida.Hewouldbe____21____outofaCessna172,asmallfourseatpassengerplane.Inpreparation,thepassengerdoorandfrontpassengerseatwere____22____,butthepassengersideseatbeltremained.Ayers’teammatesskydivedfirst,____23____himandthepilotastheonlytwopeopleremainingintheplane.ItwasAyers’____24____.Butashesteppedoutintotheair,hisfootgot____25____inthepassengersideseatbelt.“Iwascompletelyoutoftheplaneonmyback,____26____atthebelly(腹部)oftheCessna,withonlymyboot____27____tothepilot...Itriedtopullmyselfuptoreachthebuckle(鎖扣),butIjustcouldn’t,”Ayersremembered.Thousandsoffeetintheair,hangingfromtheplane,Ayerswasoutof____28____.“Andwhathappenednextwas____29____,”Ayerssaid.“The23-year-oldpilotunbuckledherseatbelt,crouched(蹲)downinthedooroftheairplane,withbothhandsofftheoperatinghandle,and____30____myankle.”Ayersdroppedawayfromtheplane,openedhisparachute,andlanded____31____.Morethan50yearslater,sheoftencameintohis____32____.“Tothisday,Icanseehertwo____33____handsreachingoutofthedoortounbucklethebelt,”Ayerssaid.“Iowemy____34____tothispersonandwillalwaysthinkofherasoneofthe____35____peopleimaginable.”21.A.falling B.jumping C.marching D.sliding22.A.repaired B.painted C.removed D.broken23.A.leaving B.recognizing C.choosing D.admiring24.A.right B.luck C.chance D.turn25.A.hurt B.caught C.spotted D.covered26.A.hittingback B.lookingdown C.staringup D.pushingforward27.A.challenging B.confusing C.fearful D.visible28A.sight B.trouble C.options D.doors29A.incredible B.exciting C.accidental D.disappointing30.A.straightened B.pushed C.dropped D.freed31.A.dramatically B.safely C.unconsciously D.regretfully32.A.possession B.mind C.position D.focus33.A.young B.practiced C.dirty D.bony34.A.fame B.victory C.life D.health35.A.bravest B.happiest C.kindest D.wisest【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.C27.D28.C29.A30.D31.B32.B33.A34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了AlanAyers在跳傘時(shí)，腳被安全帶卡住，人懸在半空，飛行員看到以后冒著危險(xiǎn)為他解開了安全帶鎖扣?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他將從一種小型四座客機(jī)Cessna172上跳下來。A.falling落下；B.jumping跳；C.marching前進(jìn)；D.sliding滑行。根據(jù)上文“In1970,AlanAyerswasparticipatinginaskydivingteamcompetitioninGainesville,Florida.(1970年，AlanAyers正在為佛羅里達(dá)州蓋恩斯維爾的跳傘比賽做準(zhǔn)備)”可知