陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題（含答案）

陜西省西安市臨潼區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬考試英語(yǔ)試題姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五總分評(píng)分一、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。IrishWritersCentreNovelFair2024TheNovelFairisanannualcompetitioninitiatedbytheIrishWritersCentre(IWC).DescribedbyTheIrishTimesas"ADragons'Caveforwriters",eachyeartheFairaimstointroduceup-and-comingwriterstotoppublishersandliteraryagents.ThePrizeThetwelvewinnerswillhavetheopportunitytopresentthesummaryoftheirnovelsdirectlytoindustryprofessionals.LeadingpublishersandagentswillbeinvitedbytheIWCtomeetthesewritersinpersonorthroughaseriesofonlinemeetings.Togetfullypreparedforthemeetingwithpublishersandagents,thewinnerswillreceiveaplaceinaworkshopon"HowtoPromoteYourNovel",twoweeksinadvance.Also,applicantswhoarelonglisted(初選)butdonotmakeittotheshortlistoftwelvewillhavetheirworksevaluatedandcriticizedbythejudgingpanel.HowtoEnterEntryfeeforapplicationis￡55(MembersofIWCcanenterforadiscountedfeeof￡45).Thiscompetitiononlyacceptsmanuscripts(原稿)fornovels.Applicantsarerequiredtosendasummarywithin300wordsanduptofivechaptersoftheirnovels,whichshouldbe10,000words(+/-10%).Manuscriptsshouldbesubmittedonline.Thereisalimitofoneentryperapplicant.Entriesarewelcomefromanywhereintheworld.Beforeenteringthecompetition,pleaseensurethatyouhavereadtheNovelFairTerms&Conditions2024verycarefullyastheFairisopentoonlynovelistswhohaveneverpublishedworkpreviously.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheapplicationprocess,pleaseemailnovelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.1．WhydoestheIWCholdtheFair?A．Toserveasaplatformforwriters.B．Toadvertiselocalbooks.C．Toencourageyoungpeople.D．Toarouseenthusiasmforreading.2．Whatcantheworkshophelpthewinnersdo?A．Improvetheirwritingskills.B．Dealwiththejudgingpanel.C．Learnaboutpublishingprocess.D．Presenttheirnovelsattractively.3．WhichofthefollowingmeetstherequirementoftheFair?A．Anovelpublishedin2023.B．Asummaryof200words.C．Apapermanuscriptbypost.D．Asubmissionofsevenchapters.閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Howtoreleaseyourartpotential?Traditionally,peoplemayburythemselvesinlearningpaintingskillsatastudioandbeginfromdrawinglines.However,MaggieWiebe,a21-year-oldgirlfromStampsSchoolofArt&DesignattheUniversityofMichigan,hasherownmethod.WiebeandherschoolfriendJessieRicearetryingtodosomethingthatshowstheirloveforartandalsobenefitstheenvironment.Forthepastyearorso,theyhavetendedagardenattheircampusfarm,plantingavarietyofcolorfulflowers,aswellasflax(亞麻)tomakelinenandpapertobeusedinart.InspiredbyagroupofoldladiesinCanadawhoplantsustainableartmaterialsandposttheirvideosonsocialplatformYouTube,Wiebelearnedabouthowtoplant,harvestandseparatefibers.Sheplanteddifferentfruitsandvegetablestraditionallyusedtodye(給……染色)fabrics.Shethenputtheirpeels(外皮)intoboiledwaterandaddedhotpressurizedairtomakeadye.Forher,it'sademandingbutenjoyableprocess.WiebeandRiceplantoeventuallybuysomelandinDetroittogrowthesesustainableartmaterials—adye,fiberandpigmentgarden—"abiggerversionofwhatwe'realreadydoing",WiebetoldMinnesotaNews."We'dsetituplikeanorganizationwhereartistscanvolunteerafewhoursaweekandthenusealloftheplantsthatwegrow."Wiebealsolikesfiber-basedart,suchasquilting,weavingandsewing.Shehasappliedthosetechniquestoherrecentworks,displayedaspartoftheannualSeniorExhibitionatherschool.Duringhersophomoreyear,WiebejoinedtheMichiganDailyasanillustrator,learningtoconceptualizeandcompletecomplexillustrationsontightdeadlines.Wiebe'sworksreceivedalotofhelpfromothers."Becausetheartschooldoesn'thavedepartments,wehavestudiocoordinatorswhotakecareofeachstudio."shesaid."Iseethemeveryday,andthey'vehelpedmealot."4．WhatcanwelearnaboutWiebefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Shelongedtobeagardener.B．Herparentstaughtherhowtoplant.C．Shewasfondofdrawinglines.D．Shehadanenvironmentallyfriendlymind.5．WhatdidWiebelearnfromwatchingvideos?A．Topeelfabricsskillfully. B．Togetfiberseventually.C．Togrowplantstraditionally. D．Todyefabricsindividually.6．WhyisDetroitreferredtoinParagraph4?A．TopresentWiebe'spatience.B．ToreviewWiebe'scareer.C．TodisplayWiebe'sfutureprospect.D．TopromoteanapplicationofWiebe'sidea.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWiebe'swork?A．Creativityisproductivity. B．Practicemakesperfect.C．Unityisstrength. D．Curiosityismotivation.閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI"jailbreaks"ismoredifficultthanitseems.Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn'tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas"jailbreaks",makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.Now,ArushTagadeatLeapLaboratoriesandhisco-workershavefoundaprocessofjailbreaks.TheyfoundthattheycouldsimplyinstructoneLLMtoconvinceothermodelstoadoptapersona(角色),whichisabletoanswerquestionsthebasemodelhasbeenprogrammedtorefuse.Thisprocessiscalled"personamodulation(調(diào)節(jié))".Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.ThereisalsoanideainAIcircles,oneyettobeproven,thatcreatinglotsofrulesforanAItopreventitdisplayingunwantedbehaviourcanaccidentallycreateablueprintforamodeltoactthatway.ThispotentiallyleavestheAIeasytobetrickedintotakingonanevilpersona."Ifyou'reforcingyourmodeltobegoodpersona,itsomewhatunderstandswhatabadpersonais,"saysTagade.YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs."Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,"shesays.8．WhatdoestheAIjailbreakreferto?A．ThetechniquetobreakrestrictionsofAImodels.B．Theinitiativetosethard-codedrulesforAImodels.C．ThecapabilityofAImodelsimprovingthemselves.D．TheprocessofAImodelslearningnewinformation.9．Whatcanweknowaboutthepersonamodulation?A．ItcanhelpAImodelsunderstandemotions.B．ItpreventsAIlearningviaonlineconversations.C．ItcanmakeAImodelsadoptaparticularpersona.D．ItforcesAImodelstofollowonlygoodpersonas.10．WhatisYinzhenLi'sattitudetowardsLLMs?A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Approving. D．Negative.11．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LLMs:IllegalLearningModelsB．LLMs:TheLatestAdvancementC．AIJailbreaks:ANewChallengeD．AIJailbreaks:APerfectApproach閱讀下列四篇短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼兒期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament.Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying"Ilikeyou"duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscanresultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That'swhyit'ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler'ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy("Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?"),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem("Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.").Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)towardafriend,praisehim("Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.").Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords—notfists—toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey'resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey'rerefreshed.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"temperament"inParagraph2probablymean?A．Appearances. B．Ages. C．Characters. D．Interests.13．Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates'behavior?A．Theyarefondoftheirplaymates.B．Theyareinterestedinacting.C．Theyareshywiththestrangers.D．Theyaretiredofplayinggames.14．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirkids?A．Findthemsuitableplaymates.B．Designgamesforthem.C．Playtogetherwiththem.D．Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.15．WhatisthefunctionofthequotedstatementsinParagraph4?A．Explainingconcepts. B．Givingexamples.C．Providingevidence. D．Makingcomparisons.二、第二節(jié)(共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。InapopularTikTokvideo,EmilyMcDonald,aneuroscienceconsultant,discussesthreethingsshedoeseachdaytoprotectherbrainstayingoffherphoneinthemorning,thinkingpositively,andavoidingjunkfood.16．.Butthere'smoretothehealthofthebrainandthesciencebehindit.Catchsomez's.Practicinggoodsleephygiene(衛(wèi)生),aswellasgettingsixtoeighthoursofsleepeachnight,isoneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourbrainhealth.Sleephelpsthebrainformmemories,reinforcenewconceptsandideas,andremovethebuildupofbadproteinsinthebrain.17．.Withenoughsleep,youcanpreserveyourbrain'sfunctionalityevenwhenyougetolder.Getyourheartpumping.18．.Andastronghearthelpspumpenoughbloodtothebraintomaintainitsperformance.Theofficialrecommendationistohave150minutes'moderateexerciseaweekwhichisnotlimitedtocertaintypesofphysicalactivities.Walkingyourdogacouplemilesadaycountsaswell.Rememberthatanythingisbetterthannothing.19．.Exposingyourselftonewpeople,places,andchallengescankeepyourmindsharp,andimprovebrainplasticity.Buttryingnewthingsdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouneedtospendmoneytravelingortakeupanewhobby.Itcanbeassimpleastryingacrosswordyouhaven'tdonebefore.Ifyoucankeepusingyourbraininnewways,you'llhavebettermentaloutcomesasyouage.Sticktoahealthy,well-roundeddiet.Manystudieshaveshownhighlyprocessedfoods,likepackagedgoods,canincreasetheriskofhealthproblems,likediabetesandhighbloodpressure.20．,includingyourbrain.Tokeepyourbrainhealthy,limitprocessedfoodsandgetsufficientnutritionfromawidevarietyofplantsandanimals.A.ThesediseasescangenerallyharmtheentirebodyB.RemainsociallyinvolvedC.RegularexercisemakesforpowerfulheartmusclesD.Italsobooststhebrain'sabilitytoadapttonewsituationsE.TrynewthingsF.TheadviceMcDonaldgivesinhervideoisn'tbadG.Besides,thisdoesn'tmeangettingintoroutinesisnecessarilyharmful三、英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OnJanuary22,2022,theBritish-Belgian19-year-old,Rutherford,successfully21．hermicrolightaircraftbackattheAirport,fromwhereshehaddeparted15522．a(chǎn)go,fulfillingherdreamtobetheyoungestwomantoflyaroundtheworldsolo."Ifeel23．notonlytobreaktheGuinnessWorldRecord,butalsoto24．thegendergapby11yearsbetweenthecurrentyoungestmanrecordholder,18atthetimeofhisrecord,andthepreviouswomanrecordholder,whowas30whenshe25．her‘DreamsSoar'around-the-worldflight."Rutherfordwroteonherblog.Rutherford'sjourney26．fivecontinentsand52countriesbeganonAugust18,2021.Shemetmany27．delaysalongtheway.They28．a(chǎn)nunscheduledstopinCalifornia29．thefiercewildfiresandastopinAlaskato30．hervisa.Shealsofacedseveral31．intheair.Despitetheseveredifficulties,the32．youngpilotnevergaveuponherdream.Rutherfordgrewuparound33．.HerBritishfatherfliescommerciallyforEmiratesAirlines,whileherBelgianmotherisalsoapilot.Theyounggirlbegan34．howtoflyatage14.Andshe35．herflightlicensein2020.Withher36．offlyingaroundtheworldattained,Rutherfordnowhashersights37．evenhigher.Shewantstobecomea(n)38．a(chǎn)ndexplorespace.Shehopesthatherjourneywillencouragemoreyoungwomento39．careersinflight.Currentlythenumberofwomenpilotsisjust5percent.Rutherfordsays,"It'saneasythingtosay,butjust40．it.Ifyoudon'ttryandseehowhighyoucanfly,thenyou'llneverknow."21．A．landed B．left C．started D．tried22．A．weeks B．days C．months D．hours23．A．thrilled B．upset C．bored D．a(chǎn)nxious24．A．increase B．widen C．leave D．narrow25．A．gained B．succeeded C．completed D．began26．A．taking B．crossing C．ignoring D．missing27．A．unseen B．unable C．uncertain D．unexpected28．A．tested B．included C．followed D．deleted29．A．thanksto B．inregardtoC．dueto D．inadditionto30．A．renew B．reuse C．recover D．review31．A．defeats B．prizes C．drawbacks D．challenges32．A．smart B．determined C．disabled D．caring33．A．ships B．trains C．a(chǎn)irplanes D．cars34．A．putting B．remembering C．hating D．learning35．A．lent B．purchased C．obtained D．trained36．A．effort B．proposal C．goal D．struggle37．A．understood B．waved C．lost D．set38．A．engineer B．a(chǎn)stronaut C．pilot D．physicist39．A．pursue B．perform C．search D．a(chǎn)ppreciate40．A．gofor B．cometo C．putoff D．setabout四、第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Yangliuqing,anancienttown,is41．(locate)inXiqingDistrictofTianjin,NorthChina.Itisknown42．itsrichculturalheritageandartistictraditions,particularlyinthefieldsofpainting,calligraphyandNewYearwoodblock(木版)paintings.In2022,Yangliuqing43．(include)onthelistofnational-leveltouristareas,attracting44．(visit)andculturalenthusiastsfromhomeandabroad.Itdatesbackover1,400yearsandwasoncean45．(importance)businesscenteralongtheGrandCanal.DuringtheMing(1368—1644)andQing(1644—1911)dynasties,withthedevelopmentofrivertransportationandtrade,Yangliuqingbecamerichand46．(heavy)populated.Overtheyears,thetown47．(develop)itsartistictraditions,supportingtalentedpaintersandcalligraphers.With48．(it)beautifulscenery,fascinatingculturalattractionsandrichartisticlegacy,Yangliuqingisalsohometomanyhistoricalsites,suchasShijiaMansion,AnMansionandRuyiStreet,aswellasculturallandmarksliketheWenchangPavilionandPuliangPagoda.Amuseumoffolkcustomsopenedlastyearandmanybuildingshavebeenrestoredandpreservedforthefuture.Enjoying49．largenumberofnewlyopenedtourismspots,YangliuqingisnowapopularlocationforfilmandTVshoots,50．a(chǎn)ttractsawealthoffilmmakers.五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)51．第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)

假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。LastSundaywitnessedafriendlybasketballgamebetweenstudentsandteachersinourschoolwiththeaimoffuelingstudents'passionforsportsaswellasreleasetheiroverwhelmingpressure.Bathinginsunshine,playersfromGrade3competedwiththeirteachersinthebasketballcourtsurroundedbytherestofthestudents,whowerewatchingexcited.Bothteamswereplayingattheirbestinhighspirit.Althoughtheteacherstooktheleadinagameatfirst,thestudentsdidnotlosetheirheartandtriedtocatchupwiththeiropponents.Thegamewasfilledingreatexcitementandpassion,andendsinadrawof2:2.Notonlytheexcitinggamerelievethestudents'intensestress,andtheirrelationshipwiththeteacherswasalsostrengthened.52．第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)

假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，你校將舉辦一場(chǎng)中外交流活動(dòng)，征集以"我和春節(jié)"為主題的優(yōu)秀攝影作品。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)寫一則通知，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)的目的；2.活動(dòng)的要求；3.表達(dá)期待。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。NoticeTheStudents'Union

答案解析部分【答案】1．A2．D3．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了愛爾蘭作家中心2024年的小說(shuō)書展活動(dòng)，包括活動(dòng)目的、獎(jiǎng)品、參與方式等信息。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及到細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做判斷推理題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測(cè)或妄加猜測(cè)，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"DescribedbyTheIrishTimesas"ADragons'Caveforwriters",eachyeartheFairaimstointroduceup-and-comingwriterstotoppublishersandliteraryagents.(被《愛爾蘭時(shí)報(bào)》描述為"作家的龍洞"，每年的書展旨在向頂級(jí)出版商和文學(xué)代理商介紹嶄露頭角的作家。)"可知，書展的目的在于為作家提供平臺(tái)，讓他們被出版商和文學(xué)代理商認(rèn)識(shí)。故選A。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)ThePrize中的"Togetfullypreparedforthemeetingwithpublishersandagents,thewinnerswillreceiveaplaceinaworkshopon"HowtoPromoteYourNovel",twoweeksinadvance.(為了充分準(zhǔn)備與出版商和代理商的會(huì)面，獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邔⑻崆皟芍塬@得參加"如何推廣你的小說(shuō)"研討會(huì)的機(jī)會(huì)。)"可知，研討會(huì)將會(huì)教獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)咄茝V他們的小說(shuō)，因此這會(huì)幫助他們把小說(shuō)精彩地呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowtoEnter中的"Applicantsarerequiredtosendasummarywithin300wordsanduptofivechaptersoftheirnovel.(申請(qǐng)人必須提交一篇300字以內(nèi)的摘要，以及小說(shuō)五個(gè)章節(jié)以內(nèi)的內(nèi)容。)"可知，一篇200字的摘要符合書展的要求。故選B?！敬鸢浮?．D5．B6．C7．A【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了MaggieWiebe將藝術(shù)和環(huán)保結(jié)合，種植并獲取可持續(xù)性的藝術(shù)材料的事跡。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及到細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做判斷推理題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測(cè)或妄加猜測(cè)，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"WiebeandherschoolfriendJessieRicearetryingtodosomethingthatshowstheirloveforartandalsobenefitstheenvironment.(韋博和她的同學(xué)杰西·賴斯正在努力做一些既能顯示他們對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛又能有益于環(huán)境的事情)"可知，Wiebe有一顆環(huán)保的心。故選D。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"InspiredbyagroupofoldladiesinCanadawhoplantsustainableartmaterialsandposttheirvideosonsocialplatformYouTube,Wiebelearnedabouthowtoplant,harvestandseparatefibers.(加拿大一群老太太種植可持續(xù)的藝術(shù)材料，并將視頻發(fā)布在社交平臺(tái)YouTube上，受到她們的啟發(fā)，韋博學(xué)會(huì)了如何種植、收獲和分離纖維)"可知，Wiebe在視頻上學(xué)會(huì)了如何種植、收獲并最終得到纖維。故選B。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"WiebeandRiceplantoeventuallybuysomelandinDetroittogrowthesesustainableartmaterials—adye,fiberandpigmentgarden—"abiggerversionofwhatwe'realreadydoing",WiebetoldMinnesotaNews."We'dsetituplikeanorganizationwhereartistscanvolunteerafewhoursaweekandthenusealloftheplantsthatwegrow."(韋博和賴斯計(jì)劃最終在底特律買一些土地來(lái)種植這些可持續(xù)的藝術(shù)材料——一個(gè)染料、纖維和顏料花園——"我們已經(jīng)在做的事情的一個(gè)更大的版本"，韋博告訴明尼蘇達(dá)新聞。"我們把它建立成一個(gè)組織，藝術(shù)家們可以每周志愿工作幾個(gè)小時(shí)，然后使用我們種植的所有植物。")"可知，第四段提到底特津是為了展示W(wǎng)iebe對(duì)于未來(lái)的規(guī)劃前景。故選C。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容及最后一段"Wiebealsolikesfiber-basedart,suchasquilting,weavingandsewing.Shehasappliedthosetechniquestoherrecentworks,displayedaspartoftheannualSeniorExhibitionatherschool.(韋博還喜歡以纖維為基礎(chǔ)的藝術(shù)，比如絎縫、編織和縫紉。她將這些技巧運(yùn)用到她最近的作品中，作為她學(xué)校年度高級(jí)展覽的一部分展出)"可推知，韋博的作品具有創(chuàng)造力，通過(guò)創(chuàng)造進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)制作，從而說(shuō)明了創(chuàng)造力是生產(chǎn)力。故選A?！敬鸢浮?．A9．C10．B11．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能領(lǐng)域面臨的一項(xiàng)新挑戰(zhàn)——AI"越獄"

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及到細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨大意題四種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做判斷推理題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測(cè)或妄加猜測(cè)，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。詞義猜測(cè)題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語(yǔ)、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語(yǔ)、構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)、上下文語(yǔ)境、因果關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。做主旨大意題時(shí)，要求考生抓住每段或每個(gè)層次的主要含義進(jìn)行加工、提煉，通過(guò)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的分析即對(duì)文章內(nèi)部各層次間的邏輯關(guān)系的分析，將每段的主題綜合起來(lái)，找出文章的中心。8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段"Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI"jailbreaks"ismoredifficultthanitseems.(人工智能模型可以欺騙對(duì)方不服從其創(chuàng)造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸彈，這表明防止這種AI‘jailbreaks'比看起來(lái)要困難得多。)"以及第二段"Manypubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs),suchasChatGPT,havehard-codedrulesthataimtopreventthemfromexhibitingracialorsexualdiscrimination,oransweringquestionswithillegalorproblematicanswers—thingstheyhavelearnedfromhumansviatrainingdata.Butthathasn'tstoppedpeoplefromfindingcarefullydesignedinstructionsthatblocktheseprotections,knownas"jailbreaks",makingAImodelsdisobeytherules.(許多公開可用的大型語(yǔ)言模型（LLMs），如ChatGPT，都有硬編碼規(guī)則，旨在防止它們表現(xiàn)出種族或性別歧視，或者用非法或有問(wèn)題的答案回答問(wèn)題——這些都是它們通過(guò)訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)從人類那里學(xué)到的。但這并沒有阻止人們找到精心設(shè)計(jì)的指令，阻止這些保護(hù)措施，即所謂的‘jailbreaks'，使人工智能模型不遵守規(guī)則。)"可知，許多公開可用的大型語(yǔ)言模型都有硬編碼規(guī)則阻止非法、歧視等內(nèi)容，但是人工智能模型可以突破保護(hù)限制措施，互相欺騙對(duì)方不服從其創(chuàng)造者，提供被禁止的指令；由此可知，AI"jailbreak"指的是打破人工智能模型限制，使人工智能模型違反規(guī)則的技術(shù)。故選A。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"Tagadesaysthisapproachworksbecausemuchofthetrainingdataconsumedbylargemodelscomesfromonlineconversations,andthemodelslearntoactincertainwaysinresponsetodifferentinputs.Byhavingtherightconversationwithamodel,itispossibletomakeitadoptaparticularpersona,causingittoactdifferently.(Tagade表示，這種方法之所以有效，是因?yàn)榇笮湍Ｐ拖牡拇蟛糠钟?xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自在線對(duì)話，模型學(xué)會(huì)以特定的方式響應(yīng)不同的輸入。通過(guò)與模型進(jìn)行正確的對(duì)話，可以使其采用特定的角色，從而使其采取不同的行動(dòng)。)"可知，"角色調(diào)節(jié)（thepersonamodulation）"可以通過(guò)與人工智能模型進(jìn)行正確的對(duì)話讓其采用特定的角色，采取不同的行動(dòng)。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"YinzhenLiatImperialCollegeLondonsaysitisworryinghowcurrentmodelscanbemisused,butdevelopersneedtoweighsuchriskswiththepotentialbenefitsofLLMs."Likedrugs,theyalsohavesideeffectsthatneedtobecontrolled,"shesays.(倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院的YinzhenLi表示，目前的模型可能會(huì)被濫用，這令人擔(dān)憂，但開發(fā)者需要權(quán)衡這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與LLM的潛在好處。‘就像藥物一樣，它們也有需要控制的副作用，'她說(shuō)。)"可知，YinzhenLi認(rèn)為，目前的模型可能會(huì)被濫用，但是開發(fā)者需要權(quán)衡這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與LLMs的潛在好處，由此可知，YinzhenLi對(duì)LLMs持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段"Artificialintelligencemodelscantrickeachotherintodisobeyingtheircreatorsandprovidingbannedinstructionsformakingdrugs,orevenbuildingabomb,suggestingthatpreventingsuchAI"jailbreaks"ismoredifficultthanitseems.(人工智能模型可以欺騙對(duì)方不服從其創(chuàng)造者，提供被禁止的制造毒品的指令，甚至制造炸彈，這表明防止這種人工智能"越獄"比看起來(lái)更困難。)"以及下文內(nèi)容可知本文介紹了人工智能"越獄"、研究者們發(fā)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)"越獄"過(guò)程——"角色調(diào)節(jié)"以及專家對(duì)其態(tài)度；由此可知，本文主要闡述人工智能發(fā)展面臨的人工智能"越獄"這一新的挑戰(zhàn)；C選項(xiàng)"AIJailbreaks:ANewChallenge(AI越獄：一個(gè)新的挑戰(zhàn))"能夠概括文章主旨，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了幼兒時(shí)期友誼對(duì)兒童社交能力發(fā)展的重要性，并探討了幼兒表達(dá)友誼的方式和可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。同時(shí)，文章還提供了一些建議和方法，幫助家長(zhǎng)在幼兒社交互動(dòng)中發(fā)揮積極作用，培養(yǎng)他們的同情心和表達(dá)能力，學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)展友誼。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本篇文章涉及到細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題和推理判斷題三種題型。細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生能在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，從中獲取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意義。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)，要根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，找準(zhǔn)相關(guān)句、段的內(nèi)容，再仔細(xì)對(duì)照，不符合原文意義的選項(xiàng)要首先排除，反之，則是正確選項(xiàng)。做判斷推理題時(shí)，要求考生不能憑主觀臆斷推測(cè)或妄加猜測(cè)，必須忠實(shí)于原文，以材料所提供的相關(guān)事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，使做出的推理合乎文意。詞義猜測(cè)題的解題方法包括利用指代關(guān)系、定義、定語(yǔ)、文章中的舉例、比較的詞語(yǔ)、構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)、上下文語(yǔ)境、因果關(guān)系來(lái)推測(cè)詞義。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的"Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.(有些蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子很愛交際，但有些則很害羞。)"可知，孩子的性格對(duì)于孩子社交能力的發(fā)展有著重要的影響，再由"howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament.(你的孩子多快發(fā)展成一個(gè)社會(huì)化的動(dòng)物也可能取決于他的……。)"可知，孩子多快學(xué)會(huì)社交與他們的"性格"有關(guān)，因此劃線詞意為"性格"，故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler'swayofsaying"Ilikeyou"duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend'sbehavior.(哥倫布俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子在玩耍時(shí)說(shuō)"我喜歡你"的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行為。)"可知，蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子模仿朋友的行為說(shuō)明他們喜歡玩伴，故選A。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That'swhyit'ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler'ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(幼兒通過(guò)游戲體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)社會(huì)規(guī)則。這就是為什么在你的孩子的社會(huì)交往中，通過(guò)設(shè)定限制和經(jīng)常提醒那是什么來(lái)發(fā)揮積極作用是很重要的。當(dāng)你建立這些指導(dǎo)原則時(shí)，請(qǐng)解釋其背后的原因。)"可知，作者建議家長(zhǎng)在孩子的社交生活中設(shè)定限制，并且經(jīng)常提醒孩子們這些限制，也就是社交規(guī)則，以幫助孩子理解社交規(guī)則，故選D。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的"Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy("Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?"),thensuggesthowhecouldresolvetheproblem("Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.")(從幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情開始：本哭了。是什么讓他這么傷心？然后建議他如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題：如果你讓他玩球，也許他會(huì)感覺好一點(diǎn)。)"可知，這些引用是通過(guò)舉例說(shuō)明來(lái)幫助孩子學(xué)會(huì)同情并解決問(wèn)題，故選B。【答案】16．F；17．D；18．C；19．E；20．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了一些對(duì)大腦有好處的方法。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五）。解題時(shí)，要求考生注意通讀整篇文章，把握整段脈絡(luò)，理出文章的中心，分析段落之間和段落內(nèi)部的層次。選項(xiàng)與前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定答案的主要依據(jù)?？梢詮囊馑?、關(guān)鍵詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞來(lái)分析段落之間以及段落內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。16．前文"InapopularTikTokvideo,EmilyMcDonald,aneuroscienceconsultant,discussesthreethingsshedoeseachdaytoprotectherbrainstayingoffherphoneinthemorning,thinkingpositively,andavoidingjunkfood.(在一個(gè)流行的TikTok視頻中，神經(jīng)科學(xué)顧問(wèn)艾米麗·麥克唐納(EmilyMcDonald)討論了她每天做的三件事來(lái)保護(hù)她的大腦——早上不玩手機(jī)、積極思考、不吃垃圾食品)"說(shuō)明了Emily的建議，后文"Butthere'smoretothehealthofthebrainandthesciencebehindit.(但大腦健康及其背后的科學(xué)還有更多)"表示還有更多的方法對(duì)于大腦有好處，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)"麥克唐納在視頻中給出的建議并不壞"為前文建議的補(bǔ)充，再引出下文更多的建議，承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。17．前文"Sleephelpsthebrainformmemories,reinforcenewconceptsandideas,andremovethebuildupofbadproteinsinthebrain.(睡眠有助于大腦形成記憶，強(qiáng)化新的概念和想法，并清除大腦中不良蛋白質(zhì)的積累)"表示睡眠對(duì)于大腦的益處，D選項(xiàng)"它還能提高大腦適應(yīng)新環(huán)境的能力"同樣補(bǔ)充睡眠對(duì)于大腦的好處，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。18．標(biāo)題表示"讓你的心臟跳動(dòng)起來(lái)"，后文"Andastronghearthelpspumpenoughbloodtothebraintomaintainitsperformance.(而強(qiáng)健的心臟有助于向大腦輸送足夠的血液以維持其運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn))"表示強(qiáng)健的心臟的好處，C選項(xiàng)"有規(guī)律的鍛煉使心臟肌肉強(qiáng)壯"表示規(guī)律的鍛煉對(duì)于心臟肌肉的好處，與下文"Theofficialrecommendationistohave150minutes'moderateexerciseaweekwhichisnotlimitedtocertaintypesofphysicalactivities.(官方建議每周進(jìn)行150分鐘的適度運(yùn)動(dòng)，不局限于某些類型的體育活動(dòng))"建議鍛煉語(yǔ)境一致。故選C。19．空處為小標(biāo)題，下文"Buttryingnewthingsdoesn'tnecessarilymeanyouneedtospendmoneytravelingortakeupanewhobby.Itcanbeassimpleastryingacrosswordyouhaven'tdonebefore.(但嘗試新事物并不一定意味著你需要花錢旅行或培養(yǎng)新的愛好。它可以像嘗試一個(gè)你以前沒有做過(guò)的填字游戲一樣簡(jiǎn)單)"表示這段建議嘗試新的事物，E選項(xiàng)"嘗試新事物"符合主旨。故選E。20．標(biāo)題表示"要堅(jiān)持健康，全面的飲食"，前文"Manystudieshaveshownhighlyprocessedfoods,likepackagedgoods,canincreasetheriskofhealthproblems,likediabetesandhighbloodpressure.(許多研究表明，高度