2023屆廣東省揭陽(yáng)市四校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2023屆高三年級(jí)4月份大聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題本試題卷共8頁(yè)。全卷滿分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接寫在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBestWaytoNapAstudypublishedinthejournalHeartfoundalinkbetweenhealthynapping(打盹)andaloweredriskofheartdisease.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationpointsoutthatnapscanimprovememory,learningcapacityandmood.SaraMednick,PhD,aneuroscienceattheUniversityofCaliforniaexplainsthatwhenyoufallasleep,yourbodymovesthroughstagesthateachplayaroleinhealth.Idealnappingtimesarebasedaroundthisfour-stagecycle.Stage1the“dozingoff”(打瞌睡)periodStage2muscles,heartrateandbrainactivityslowdownStage3deep,restorativesleepStage4REM(rapideyemovement)sleep,whenbrainactivityincreasesandyou’remostlikelytodreamThe20-minutenapBetween20and30minutesisonenappingsweetspot,accordingtoMednick,whoexplainsthatyougetenoughStage2sleeptoswitchyourbodyandmindintofullrelaxationmode,aidingwithmemory.The60-minutenapStage3sleepisatimeforyourbodytorepairtissue,strengthentheimmune(免疫)systemandrechargeenergystores.Butwakingupduringthisphasecanmakeyoufeeluncomfortableandsleepy,Mednicksays.MostpeoplestarttomoveoutofStage3afteraround60minutes,whichmakesitagoodtimetosetyouralarm.The90-minutenapAcompletesleepcycleisaboutanhourandahalf,andnappingforafullcyclecanhavebigbenefits.Butnapslongerthan90minutescandisturbnighttimesleepandmightevenweakenmemory.Notaregularnapper?That’sOK.“Everyoneneedstorest,butnoteveryonenecessarilyneedstonap,”saysMednick.1.Duringwhichphasemayyouhaveadream?A.Stage1. B.Stage2. C.Stage3. D.Stage4.2.Howlongmaythefirst3stageslast?A.Aquarter. B.Onehour. C.Halfanhour. D.Oneandahalfhours.3.Whichsectionisthetextprobablytakenfrominanewspaper?A.News B.Education. C.Lifestyle. D.Health.【答案】1.D2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了在Heart上發(fā)表的一個(gè)關(guān)于午睡的研究報(bào)告，報(bào)告稱午睡主要分為四個(gè)階段，每個(gè)階段的時(shí)長(zhǎng)、功能和特征都不一樣?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Stage4中的“REM(rapideyemovement)sleep,whenbrainactivityincreasesandyou’remostlikelytodream（REM(快速眼動(dòng))睡眠，大腦活動(dòng)增加，你最有可能做夢(mèng)）”可知，在第四階段你很可能會(huì)做夢(mèng)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The60-minutenap中“MostpeoplestarttomoveoutofStage3afteraround60minutes（大多數(shù)人在大約60分鐘后開始走出第三階段）”可知，一般60分鐘左右就會(huì)離開第三階段，說(shuō)明第三階段持續(xù)一個(gè)小時(shí)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段提到“AstudypublishedinthejournalHeartfoundalinkbetweenhealthynapping(打盹)andaloweredriskofheartdisease.TheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationpointsoutthatnapscanimprovememory,learningcapacityandmood.（發(fā)表在《心臟》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，健康的午睡與降低心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在聯(lián)系。美國(guó)心理協(xié)會(huì)指出，小睡可以改善記憶力、學(xué)習(xí)能力和情緒。）”健康的午睡能降低心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且可以改善記憶力、學(xué)習(xí)能力和情緒，這些都是與健康有關(guān)的。同時(shí)，后文提到關(guān)于午睡的四個(gè)階段及其好處，由此判斷，這篇文章應(yīng)屬于健康范疇，應(yīng)該是選自健康專欄。故選D。BOnaFridayeveninginDecember,twoweeksbeforeChristmas,Ilostmyjob.Ihadn’tseenitcoming.Iwasexcitedfortheweekend,whenmydaughter,Kristil,then12,andIplannedtogetourChristmastree.ThenIlistenedtomyvoicemail:“We’resorrybutyourworkassignmenthasendedasoftoday.”Myheartsank.Iwasn’tjustasinglemother;Iwastheonlyparent.Mypaycheckwassurvival.Overthenextweek,asmybankaccountgrewsmaller,Icrazilyappliedforjobs,butIwasdefeated.Ithadbeensnowingonandoffallmorning.Inoticedawomanwithshortwhitehairstrugglingtoopenhercardooragainstthewind.Asshegotout,Irealizeditwasmyoldprofessor,Mrs.Heffernan.Ihadn’tseenhersincewe’dmetforlunchthreemonthsago.I’dfirstmetMrs.Heffernan10yearsearlierwhenIwasherstudentatEdgewoodCollege.Kristilwas3atthetime,andIsometimestookhertoclass.Mrs.HeffernanwasunderstandingandwouldbringcoloringbookstooccupyKristil.EvenafterIgraduated,Mrs.Heffernankeptintouch.Ihadgrowntoloveherlikefamily.Irushedtothefrontofmybuilding.“Whatareyoudoingoutinthisweather?”Iaskedaswehugged.“Well,Itriedtocalllastweekbutcouldn’tgetthrough.ThenIcalledyourjobandtheysaidyouweren’tworkingthereanymore,soIthoughtIwouldcomeby,”shesaid.“IhavegiftsforyouandKristil.”Imadeheracupofteaandwetalked.JustbeinginMrs.Heffernan’spresencegavemehopethatthingswouldbeallright.AsshegotuptoleaveshehandedmeaChristmascardandkissedmeonthecheek.Iwalkedhertohercarandwavedasshepulledaway.WhenIopenedhercardIwasinshock.Hundreddollarbillsfellontothetable.TearsofgratitudefilledmyeyesasIcounted.Mrs.Heffernanhadgivenme$1,000.4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthefirstparagraph?A.Shewasdivorcingherhusband.B.Shewasfiredunexpectedly.C.Shesentane-mail.D.Shecouldn’taffordaChristmastree.5.WhatwasHeffernan’srealpurposeofvisitingtheauthor?A.Tohaveatalkwithher.B.TowishheramerryChristmas.C.Toofferhersomefinancialhelp.D.Togiveherdaughtercoloringbooks.6.WhatrolemightMrs.Heffernanplayintheauthor’slifeaftergraduation?AAlifeadvisor. B.Arespectablefriend.C.Ahelpfulconsultant. D.Aprofessionalexpert.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMrs.Heffernan?A.Friendlyandconfident. B.Wealthyandoptimistic.C.Warm-heartedandbrave. D.Kind-heartedandgenerous.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作為單親媽媽的作者失去工作后失去了經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源，昔日的老師借送圣誕賀卡的機(jī)會(huì)給予經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ilostmyjob.Ihadn’tseenitcoming.(我丟了工作。我沒料到會(huì)這樣)”可知，從第一段我們可以了解到，作者被辭退是意料之外的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhenIopenedhercardIwasinshock.Hundreddollarbillsfellontothetable.(當(dāng)我打開她的卡片時(shí)，我驚呆了。百元大鈔掉在桌子上)”可知，赫弗南拜訪作者的真正目的是給她一些經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Ihadn’tseenhersincewe’dmetforlunchthreemonthsago.(自從我們?nèi)齻€(gè)月前共進(jìn)午餐后，我就沒見過她)”以及第五段“EvenafterIgraduated,Ms.Heffernankeptintouch.Ihadgrowntoloveherlikefamily.(甚至在我畢業(yè)后，赫弗南女士還和我保持聯(lián)系。我已經(jīng)像愛家人一樣愛她了)”可知，作者和赫弗南一直保持聯(lián)系且關(guān)系親如家人，赫弗南知其有難，主動(dòng)幫助。由此可推知，赫弗南在作者畢業(yè)后的生活中扮演的角色是一個(gè)可敬的朋友。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。分析全文內(nèi)容可知，赫弗南女士主動(dòng)借送圣誕賀卡的機(jī)會(huì)給予作者經(jīng)濟(jì)上的幫助，且出手大方，所以可以用“善良”和“大方”這兩個(gè)詞來(lái)形容赫弗南女士。故選D項(xiàng)。CThe2022FIFAWorldCupkickedoff,withmorethan30teamsparticipating.Inthetournament’s92-yearhistory,onlyeightcountrieshavewon:Brazil,Italy,France,Germany,Argentina,Spain,UruguayandEngland.ItwasthefirsttimethattheCuphadbeenheldintheMiddleEast.SummertemperaturesinQatarregularlytop100degrees,soforthesafetyofbothathletesandaudience,organizerspushedthemonth-longcontestouttolateNovember,whentheweatherismilder.UruguaywasthefirsthostandwinneroftheWorldCupbackin1930.Thefinalmatchplayedoutinfrontof60,000audiences.NoWorldCupwasheldbetween1938and1950duetoWorldWarⅡ.The1950tournamentinBrazilfeaturedseparateEastandWestGermanteams.Itwasn’tuntilthe1994WorldCupthatGermanytookpartasaunifiedteam.WestGermanywonin1954.That1950CupwasalsothefirsttofeatureEngland,despitesoccerbeinganEnglishinvention.Thatyear,TeamUSAbeatEngland1-0,thoughsomeBritishnewspapersreportedtheresultasUSA1,England10,aseditorsbelievedtherealscorehadatypo.BothsidesbelieveditwouldbeaneasywinforEngland,anddouble-digit(兩位數(shù))goalswereexpected.ThismatchisconsideredbymanyasoneofthegreatestupsetsinWorldCuphistory.Thefirstwomen’sWorldCupstartedmanydecadesafterthemen’s,in1991.ThatfirstonewasheldinChina.OurteamissodominantthatwehavewonhalfofalltheWorldCupstodate.Thewomenplayeveryfouryears,justlikethemen,butnotonthesameschedule.Thenextwomen’sWorldCupwillbeheldin2023inAustraliaandNewZealand.8.Whywasthe2022WorldCupputofftowinter?A.Tosatisfyaudience.B.Tobeaspecialmatch.C.Toavoidhightemperatures.D.Tomeettherequirementsoftheplayers.9.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Intimeorder. B.Inspaceorder.C.Byexplanation. D.Bycomparison.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“typo”meaninparagraph4?A.Atypingerror. B.Aspellingerror.C.Aprogramerror. D.Amathematicalerror.11.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewomen’sWorldCupfromthelastparagraph?A.Chinawonthefirstwomen’sWorldCup.B.Chinahashosted50%ofthewomen’sWorldCups.C.Itisarrangedonadifferenttimetablefromthemen’s.D.Itisheldinthesamecountryasthemen’severyfouryears.【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以2022年卡塔爾世界杯引入主題，以時(shí)間為順序介紹了世界杯的歷史以及相關(guān)知識(shí)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“SummertemperaturesinQatarregularlytop100degrees,soforthesafetyofbothathletesandaudience,organizerspushedthemonth-longcontestouttolateNovember,whentheweatherismilder.”（卡塔爾的夏季氣溫經(jīng)常超過100度，因此為了運(yùn)動(dòng)員和觀眾的安全，組織者將為期一個(gè)月的比賽推遲到11月下旬，屆時(shí)天氣較為溫和）可知，2022年世界杯被推遲到冬天是為了避免高溫。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)三段“UruguaywasthefirsthostandwinneroftheWorldCupbackin1930.Thefinalmatchplayedoutinfrontof60,000audiences.NoWorldCupwasheldbetween1938and1950duetoWorldWarⅡ.The1950tournamentinBrazilfeaturedseparateEastandWestGermanteams.Itwasn’tuntilthe1994WorldCupthatGermanytookpartasaunifiedteam.WestGermanywonin1954.”（烏拉圭是1930年世界杯的第一個(gè)東道主和冠軍。決賽在60000名觀眾面前進(jìn)行。由于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)，1938年至1950年間沒有舉辦過世界杯。1950年在巴西舉行的錦標(biāo)賽由東德隊(duì)和西德隊(duì)組成。直到1994年世界杯，德國(guó)隊(duì)才作為一支統(tǒng)一的隊(duì)伍參加比賽。西德在1954年獲勝）和第四段的“That1950CupwasalsothefirsttofeatureEngland,despitesoccerbeinganEnglishinvention.(盡管足球是英國(guó)人的發(fā)明，但1950年的世界杯也是第一次以英格蘭為特色)”推知，文章采用時(shí)間順序來(lái)介紹世界杯的歷史。故選A?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“TeamUSAbeatEngland1-0,houghsomeBritishnewspapersreportedtheresultasUSA1,England10”（美國(guó)隊(duì)以1-0擊敗英格蘭隊(duì)，盡管一些英國(guó)報(bào)紙報(bào)道結(jié)果為美國(guó)隊(duì)1勝，英格蘭隊(duì)10勝）可知，那一年英格蘭以0-1輸給了美國(guó)，但是英國(guó)報(bào)紙報(bào)道成為10-1，他們認(rèn)為是出現(xiàn)了打印錯(cuò)誤。即劃線詞意為“打印錯(cuò)誤”。故選A。【11題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thewomenplayeveryfouryears,justlikethemen,butnotonthesameschedule.”（女足每四年比賽一次，和男足們一樣，但時(shí)間安排不一樣）可知，女子世界杯雖然也是每4年一次，但是時(shí)間安排不一樣。故選C。DAussieArkisananimalpreservationprojectbasedneartheBarringtonTopsofNewSouthWales,Australia.OriginallyknownasDevilArk,itsoriginalgoalwastoonlybreed(培育)andpreserveTasmaniandevils(袋獾).Aboutthesizeofabigdomesticcat,theTasmaniandevilistheworld’slargestlivingmarsupialcarnivore(有袋食肉動(dòng)物).Itsbiggercousin,theTasmaniantiger,diedoutin1936.Devilnumberswerestableuntil1996,whenastrangediseasesuddenlybegandestroyingdevilpopulationsacrossTasmania.Devilfacialtumourdisease(DFTD),withinafewmonths,isaninfectiouscancerspreadbybitesduringfightsoverfoodandmates.There’sstillnocuredespiteaquarter-centuryofdedicatedresearch,anddevilshavesufferedan80-90percentdecline.AsecondtypeofDFTD,justasdeadly,wasidentifiedin2014.Afterthedevilwasdeclaredendangeredin2008,increasedeffortwentintoestablishingisolatedDFTD-freeinsurancepopulations.Tasmania’soffshoreMariaIslandsupportsasmallintroducedgroupofhealthydevils,andtheForestier-TasmanPeninsulahastheonlydisease-freepopulationinitsnativerange,butAussieArkhasmoredevilsthanboththeabovetwoandisthebiggestandwildestmainlandbreedingfacility.Asaninnovativeandwildlysuccessfulconservationproject,AussieArkhasspentthelastdecadecreatingahealthymainlandpopulationoftheendangeredTasmaniandevils,mainlybylettingthemactnaturallyinalarge-scalebushshelter.Abigpartofitssuccessisthesuitabilityofitslandscape.TheArk’scool-climate,high-altitude(1,300m)snow-gumforesthasprovedverydevil-friendly.Launchedin201lwith44DFTD-freedevils,AussieArkhasbredmorethan350devilbabiesnow,arecordoutsideTasmania,andholdsoverhalfthedevilsinmainlandAustralia.12Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A.TointroducethediseaseDFTD.B.Topredicttheextinctionofdevils.C.Tostresstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection.D.Toexplainthereasonfordevilsbeingendangered.13.HowwilladevilgetDFTD?A.Ifitlivesingroups.B.Ifitfightswithitsmates.C.Ifitisbittenbyaninfectedone.D.Ifitsharesfoodwithotherdevils.14.What’sthemainreasonforAussieArk’ssuccess?A.Itcoversthelargestarea.B.Itlastsalongperiodoftime.C.Ithasdisease-freedevilbabies.D.Itprovidesmassivenaturalhabitats.15.Whichmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.DevilsReappearinMainlandB.ASuccessfulProjectforDevilsC.DevilsAreinDangerD.TheSecretofAussieArk【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了袋獾受到DFTD這種傳染性疾病的威脅，數(shù)量驟減。成為瀕危物種之后很多公益機(jī)構(gòu)都做出努力去挽救，其中AussieArk這個(gè)項(xiàng)目做得最有成效?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Devilnumberswerestableuntil1996,whenastrangediseasesuddenlybegandestroyingdevilpopulationsacrossTasmania.Devilfacialtumourdisease(DFTD),withinafewmonths,isaninfectiouscancerspreadbybitesduringfightsoverfoodandmates.There’sstillnocuredespiteaquarter-centuryofdedicatedresearch,anddevilshavesufferedan80-90percentdecline.(直到1996年，一種奇怪的疾病突然開始摧毀塔斯馬尼亞州的袋獾種群，袋獾的數(shù)量才穩(wěn)定下來(lái)。DFTD是一種傳染性癌癥，在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)通過爭(zhēng)奪食物和交配時(shí)的咬傷傳播。盡管進(jìn)行了四分之一個(gè)世紀(jì)的專門研究，但仍然沒有治愈的方法，袋獾的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降了80%-90%)”可知，本段主要介紹了DFTD這種疾病使得袋獾數(shù)量驟減。故選D。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Devilfacialtumourdisease(DFTD),withinafewmonths,isaninfectiouscancerspreadbybitesduringfightsoverfoodandmates.(DFTD是一種傳染性癌癥，在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)通過爭(zhēng)奪食物和交配時(shí)的咬傷傳播)”可知，病毒通過咬傷傳播。因此如果一只袋獾被咬傷，會(huì)感染上DFTD。故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asaninnovativeandwildlysuccessfulconservationproject,AussieArkhasspentthelastdecadecreatingahealthymainlandpopulationoftheendangeredTasmaniandevils,mainlybylettingthemactnaturallyinalarge-scalebushshelter.(作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的、非常成功的保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，在過去十年里，AussieArk一直在創(chuàng)造一個(gè)健康的瀕危塔斯馬尼亞魔鬼大陸種群，主要是讓它們?cè)诖笮蛥擦直幼o(hù)所中自然活動(dòng))”可知，AussieArk的成功主要源于讓袋獾在大范圍的矮灌木叢林自然地活動(dòng)。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，可知這篇文章主要介紹了AussieArk為挽救瀕危的袋獾做出了很多努力，并取得了不錯(cuò)的成效。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)成功挽救袋獾的項(xiàng)目”符合本文主旨，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Forhundredsofyears,possiblymuchlonger,hotpothasalwaysbeenoneofChina’smostpopularfoods.Itissopopularthatpeoplejokeanyproblemcanbesolvedoverhotpot.Withahotpot,youcanputinanyingredient(食材)thatyoulike.Thesamepotcanservemealstoallthepeoplesittingaroundthetable.Nooneisleftout,andeveryonegetstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywant.___16___Thefirefromahotpotcanmeltjustaboutanyicydisagreementandwarmjustaboutanyheart.PerhapsthemostpopularkindofhotpotisSichuanhotpot,withitsspicyredpeppers.WhatmakesSichuanhotpotdifferentfromotherhotpotsistheuseofhuajiao.___17___Italsohasthestrangeeffectofmakingtheredpepperstasteevenhotter.___18___BeijinghotpotuseslambandmanyofthesameingredientsasSichuanhotpot,buthasalightertaste.TheNortheastChinesehotpotusuallycontainsporkandpickledcabbage,whileGuangdonghotpotusesachickenorafishbroth(湯底).___19___.IneverycityandtowninChina,therearehotpotrestaurantscrowdedwithpeopleeating,talkingandlaughing.___20___Youcanchooseyourownfavoriteingredients.EvenintheWest,youcaneasilymakeit.First,buyaChinesehotpotbrothmixfromanAsianmarket.Andyouneedalargepot.Moreimportantly,youneedtohavesomefriendstoshareyourfoodwith.A.Thisspiceismouth-numbing.B.Anditiseasytocookhotpotinyourownhouse.C.ManyChinesedon’tagreeonwhatfoodisthebest.D.Sichuanfoodisfamousforitsredpeppersandhuajiao.E.NearlyasfamousasSichuanhotpotisBeijinghotpot.F.Itisknownforitswiderangeofingredients,includingseafood.G.ThisshowstheChineseculturalvaluesofopennessandsharing.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.F20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)美食——火鍋?！?6題詳解】上文“Nooneisleftout,andeveryonegetstoeatasmuchoraslittleastheywant.(沒有人會(huì)被遺漏，每個(gè)人都可以隨心所欲地多吃或少吃。)”提到了吃火鍋時(shí)每個(gè)人都可以選擇吃多少，G項(xiàng)中的This是關(guān)鍵詞，可代替前文，所以G選項(xiàng)“這展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)開放和分享的文化價(jià)值觀”承接上文，符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“WhatmakesSichuanhotpotdifferentfromotherhotpotsistheuseofhuajiao.(四川火鍋與其他火鍋的不同之處在于花椒的使用。)”提到了花椒的使用，A項(xiàng)中的Thisspice是關(guān)鍵詞指的就是前文的花椒，所以A選項(xiàng)“這種香料使人嘴巴發(fā)麻?！狈项}意，且與后文的“Italsohasthestrangeeffectofmakingtheredpepperstasteevenhotter.(它還有一種奇怪的效果，讓紅辣椒吃起來(lái)更辣。)”形成并列關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“BeijinghotpotuseslambandmanyofthesameingredientsasSichuanhotpot,buthasalightertaste.(北京火鍋使用羊肉和許多與四川火鍋相同的食材，但味道更淡。)”提到了北京火鍋，E選項(xiàng)中Beijinghotpot是關(guān)鍵詞與下文呼應(yīng)，所以E選項(xiàng)“幾乎和四川火鍋一樣有名的是北京火鍋?！蹦芤鹣挛模项}意。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“TheNortheastChinesehotpotusuallycontainsporkandpickledcabbage,whileGuangdonghotpotusesachickenorafishbroth(湯底).(東北火鍋通常含有豬肉和酸菜，而廣東火鍋則用雞湯或魚湯)”提到了廣東火鍋用雞或魚做湯底，該段講食材，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的It是關(guān)鍵詞指代廣東火鍋，符合邏輯，所以F項(xiàng)“它以包括海鮮在內(nèi)的各種食材而聞名?！背薪由衔?，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】下文“Youcanchooseyourownfavoriteingredients.(你可以選擇自己喜歡的食材。)”提到了選擇自己喜歡的食材，B項(xiàng)中inyourownhouse是關(guān)鍵詞，與下文yourownfavoriteingredients呼應(yīng)，所以B選項(xiàng)“而且在自己家里煮火鍋也很容易?！蹦芤鹣挛模线壿?。故選B項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Beforeshepassedawayfromcancer,A.J.Waltersmadeherhusband,Seanandherdaughter,Brittanypromiseheronething:Seanwould___21___Brittanytothehomecominggame,whereBrittanywasintherunningforhomecomingqueen.Itwas___22___toherthatherdaughtergo.BrittanyandSean___23___.Dayslater,A.J.died.___24___theirpromise,anemotionalBrittany___25___arminarmwithherfatheracrossthefootballfieldwiththeothernominees(提名者)towaitforthe___26___ofthevoting.Brittanywasn’t___27___homecomingqueenthatday;anothergirl,Nylawas.But,likemanyintheclose-knitcommunity,Nylahad___28___theWalters.Inanunplannedgesture,momentsafter___29___thecrown(王冠),NylawalkedovertoBrittany,removedthecrownfromherhead,and___30___itatopherfriend’s.Thetwohuggedeachother___31___.“She’dratherhavehermomthanacrown,”NylatoldCNN.“Iwastellingherthatshewashermom’s___32___,andthatshewaslovedbymany,especiallyme.”“Ifeltsomuchlovefromher,andIjustfeltsomuchloveforher,”saidBrittany.“Ican___33___mymomthroughNyla.Theyhavethesame___34___,givingspirit.”There’sasayingthatrealqueensfixeachother’scrowns.Butthe___35___isthatrealqueensgiveuptheircrownstoletotherqueensshine.21.A.inspire B.lead C.accompany D.remind22.A.important B.unnecessary C.difficult D.strange23.A.hugged B.registered C.hesitated D.agreed24.A.Showing B.Breaking C.Keeping D.Making25.A.ran B.walked C.stood D.wandered26.A.outcome B.excitement C.moment D.fact27.A.passed B.promised C.allowed D.named28.A.attendedto B.caredfor C.thoughtof D.heardabout29.A.sharing B.holding C.receiving D.putting30.A.changed B.placed C.gave D.got31.A.eagerly B.tearfully C.patiently D.sorrowfully32.A.queen B.daughter C.girl D.winner33A.see B.admire C.forgive D.trust34.A.amazing B.satisfying C.interesting D.caring35.A.value B.duty C.truth D.belief【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.D28.D29.C30.B31.B32.A33.A34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Sean為完成妻子的遺愿陪同女兒Brittany去參加返校節(jié)比賽，雖然女兒沒有獲獎(jiǎng)，但獲獎(jiǎng)的女孩Nyla了解Brittany的情況，把皇冠戴在Brittany頭上，幫她完成了當(dāng)“女王”的心愿?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Sean會(huì)陪Brittany去參加返校節(jié)比賽，Brittany在比賽中被選為返校節(jié)女王。A.inspire激勵(lì)、激發(fā)；B.lead領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、帶領(lǐng)；C.accompany陪伴；D.remind提醒。根據(jù)第二段“4theirpromise,anemotionalBrittany5arminarmwithherfatheracrossthefootballfieldwiththeothernominees(提名者)towaitforthe6ofthevoting.”（Brittany……他們的承諾，激動(dòng)地和父親手挽著手走過足球場(chǎng)，與其他被提名者一起等待投票結(jié)果。）中的“arminarmwithherfather”可知，Sean是陪同女兒一起參加比賽的。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：女兒去參加對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。A.important重要的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.difficult困難的；D.strange奇怪的、陌生的。根據(jù)第一段“Beforeshepassedawayfromcancer,A.J.Waltersmadeherhusband,Seanandherdaughter,Brittanypromiseheronething:”（在A.JWalters因癌癥去世之前，她讓丈夫Sean和女兒Brittany向她承諾一件事：）可知，女兒參加比賽是Walters夫人臨終前的遺愿，可見是非常重要的。故選A。23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Brittany和Sean都同意了。A.hugged擁抱；B.registered登記、注冊(cè)；C.hesitated猶豫；D.agreed同意。根據(jù)第二段“4theirpromise,anemotionalBrittany5arminarmwithherfatheracrossthefootballfieldwiththeothernominees(提名者)towaitforthe6ofthevoting.”（Brittany……他們的承諾，激動(dòng)地和父親手挽著手走過足球場(chǎng)，與其他被提名者一起等待投票結(jié)果。）可知，父親和女兒最終手挽手一起走過足球場(chǎng)，等待投票結(jié)果，說(shuō)明父親陪女兒參加了比賽，答應(yīng)了母親臨終前的要求。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Brittany履行了他們的承諾，激動(dòng)地和父親手挽著手走過足球場(chǎng)，與其他被提名者一起等待投票結(jié)果。A.Showing展示、顯示；B.Breaking打破；C.Keeping保持；D.Making制定、制造。根據(jù)第一段“BrittanyandSeanagreed.”（Brittany和Sean都同意了。）和本句中“arminarmwithherfatheracrossthefootballfieldwiththeothernominees”可知，父女二人答應(yīng)了母親臨終前的要求，作出了承諾，Brittany在父親的陪伴下參加了比賽，履行了諾言，keepone’spromise履行諾言。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Brittany履行了他們的承諾，激動(dòng)地和父親手挽著手走過足球場(chǎng)，與其他被提名者一起等待投票結(jié)果。A.ran跑；B.walked走、步行；C.stood站；D.wandered漫步、閑逛。根據(jù)句中“arminarmwithherfatheracrossthefootballfield”可知，Brittany是和父親挽著胳膊的，要去等待投票結(jié)果，所以應(yīng)該是一起走過足球場(chǎng)的。故選B。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Brittany履行了他們的承諾，激動(dòng)地和父親手挽著手走過足球場(chǎng)，與其他被提名者一起等待投票結(jié)果。A.outcome結(jié)果；B.excitement激動(dòng)、興奮；C.moment時(shí)刻；D.fact事實(shí)。根據(jù)第三段“Brittanywasn’t7homecomingqueenthatday;anothergirl,Nylawas.”（Brittany那天沒有……返校節(jié)女王；另一個(gè)女孩Nyla當(dāng)選。）可知，最終的投票結(jié)果是Brittany未能當(dāng)選，所以她和父親及其他提名者是去等待投票結(jié)果的。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Brittany那天沒有被任命為返校節(jié)女王；另一個(gè)女孩Nyla當(dāng)選。A.passed通過；B.promised承諾、保證；C.allowed允許；D.named命名、任命。根據(jù)句中“anothergirl,Nylawas.”和下文的“Inanunplannedgesture,momentsafter9thecrown(王冠),NylawalkedovertoBrittany,removedthecrownfromherhead,and10itatopherfriend’s.”（在……皇冠后不久，Nyla出乎意料地走到Britanny面前，摘下了自己頭上的皇冠，……她朋友的頭上。）可知，最終是Nyla得到了皇冠，被任命為女王，故Brittany那天沒有被任命為女王。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但是，和這個(gè)關(guān)系密切的社區(qū)里的許多人一樣，Nyla聽說(shuō)過Walters一家。A.attendedto照料、處理；B.caredfor照顧、喜歡；C.thoughtof想起；D.heardabout聽說(shuō)。根據(jù)句中“l(fā)ikemanyintheclose-knitcommunity”可知，這個(gè)社區(qū)里的許多人都關(guān)系密切，彼此有所了解；結(jié)合下文中““She’dratherhavehermomthanacrown,”NylatoldCNN.“Iwastellingherthatshewashermom’s12,andthatshewaslovedbymany,especiallyme.””（“比起王冠，她更想要媽媽，”Nyla告訴CNN，我告訴她，她是她媽媽的……，很多人都愛她，尤其是我。）可知，Nyla對(duì)Brittany一家人是聽說(shuō)過的，有一定的了解。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在得到王冠后不久，Nyla出乎意料地走到Britanny面前，摘下了自己頭上的王冠，戴在了她朋友的頭上。A.sharing分享；B.holding抓住、持有；C.receiving收到、得到；D.putting放置。根據(jù)第7小題“Brittanywasn’tnamedhomecomingqueenthatday;anothergirl,Nylawas.”可知，Nyla最終當(dāng)選為女王；結(jié)合句中“removedthecrownfromherhead”可知，她得到了王冠。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在得到王冠后不久，Nyla出乎意料地走到Britanny面前，摘下了自己頭上的王冠，戴在了她朋友的頭上。A.changed改變；B.placed放置；C.gave給；D.got得到。根據(jù)句中“NylawalkedovertoBrittany,removedthecrownfromherhead”可知，Nyla摘掉了頭上的王冠，結(jié)合“atopherfriends”可知，應(yīng)該是將王冠放到了朋友的頭上。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人含淚相擁。A.eagerly渴望地；B.tearfully含淚地；C.patiently有耐心地；D.sorrowfully悲傷地。根據(jù)前文中的“NylawalkedovertoBrittany,removedthecrownfromherhead,andplaceditatopherfriend’s.”可知，Nyla將自己的王冠戴到了Brittany的頭上，而Brittany也因Nyla的舉動(dòng)而感動(dòng)，因此二人會(huì)含淚相擁。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴她，她是她媽媽的女王，很多人都愛她，尤其是我。A.queen女王；B.daughter女兒；C.girl女孩；D.winner獲勝者。分析全文可知，“queen”是全文的關(guān)鍵詞，文章圍繞該詞展開；從第一段“SeanwouldaccompanyBrittanytothehomecominggame,whereBrittanywasintherunningforhomecomingqueen.”（Sean會(huì)陪Brittany去參加返校節(jié)比賽，Brittany在比賽中被選為返校節(jié)女王。）Brittany的媽媽希望她能夠成為返校節(jié)女王，但她落選了，到后來(lái)的“NylawalkedovertoBrittany,removedthecrownfromherhead,andplaceditatopherfriend’s.”Nyla將得到的王冠戴到了Brittany的頭上，可推知，Nyla當(dāng)時(shí)是告訴她她是媽媽的女王，值得佩戴這個(gè)王冠，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我可以通過Nyla看到我媽媽。A.see看到；B.admire欽佩、仰慕；C.forgive原諒；D.trust信任。根據(jù)前文“Ifeltsomuchlovefromher,andIjustfeltsomuchloveforher,”（我從她身上感受到了那么多的愛，我對(duì)她有那么多的愛，）和下文的“Theyhavethesamecaring,givingspirit.”（她們有同樣的關(guān)懷和奉獻(xiàn)精神。）可知，Brittany感到Nyla和母親有許多相似之處，所以她通過Nyla可以看到自己的母親。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她們有同樣的關(guān)愛和奉獻(xiàn)精神。A.amazing令人驚嘆的；B.satisfying令人滿意的；C.interesting有趣的；D.caring關(guān)心他人的、關(guān)愛的。根據(jù)Nyla將王冠給她戴上的行為和前文“Ifeltsomuchlovefromher,andIjustfeltsomuchloveforher,”（我從她身上感受到了那么多的愛，我對(duì)她有那么多的愛。）可知，Nyla是一個(gè)關(guān)心他人的、樂于奉獻(xiàn)的人，有著關(guān)愛和奉獻(xiàn)精神。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但事實(shí)是，真正的女王會(huì)放棄自己的王冠，讓其他女王發(fā)光。A.value價(jià)值；B.duty責(zé)任；C.truth事實(shí)、實(shí)情；D.belief信任、信仰。根據(jù)前文“There’sasayingthatrealqueensfixeachother’scrowns.”（俗話說(shuō)真正的女王會(huì)給對(duì)方修王冠。）和本句中的轉(zhuǎn)折詞“But”，并結(jié)合句意可知，事實(shí)應(yīng)該是：真正的女王會(huì)放棄自己的王冠，讓其他女王發(fā)光。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Morethan10,000yearsago,peopleinMexicoandCentralAmericagatheredandatethefruitofwildavocado(牛油果)treesand___36___didn’ttakelongbeforetheystartedtoplantthishigh-fat,tastyfood.Thename“avocado”___37___(be)fromanAztecwordahuacatl,whichreferstotheshapeofthefruit.Theearliestevidenceofhuman___38___(consume)ofavocadosistheseeds,orstones,foundinCoxcatlanCaveintheTehuacanValley,Mexico,___39___havedatedbacktoaround8,000BCE.Thehighoilcontentoftheavocado’sgreenfleshwouldhavemadethefruitavaluableaddition___40___theprehistoricdiet.Domesticationoftheavocadosoonfollowed,withthetrees___41___(plant)inMexicoandCentralAmerica.BythetimetheexplorerChristopherColumbus___42___(reach)SouthAmericain1492,avocadoswerebeingconsumedasfarsouthasPeru.Today,Mexicoistheworld’sleadingavocadoproducer,andthefruitisalso___43___importantcropintheUSstateofCalifornia,theDominicanRepublic,andIndonesia.Withanamazingflavour,butteryflesh,andhighnutrientcontent,theavocadohasenjoyedarecentriseinpopularity,andpeoplecontinuetofindinnovativeways___44___(enjoy)it.Itisperhapsmostfamousasthemainingredientofsalad,butinLatinAmericaavocadosarestill____45____(wide)usedtogarnish(搭配)chickenandpotatosoup.【答案】36.it37.is38.consumption39.which40.to41.planted42.reached43.an44.toenjoy45.widely【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了牛油果?！?6題詳解】考查固定句型。句意：一萬(wàn)多年前，墨西哥和中美洲的人們采集并食用野牛油果，沒過多久，他們就開始種植這種高脂肪、美味的食物。itdidn’ttakelongbefore...意為“沒過多久就……”，符合句意。故填it?！?7題詳解】考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主謂一致。句意：“牛油果”這個(gè)名字來(lái)自阿茲特克語(yǔ)ahuacatl，指的是這種水果的形狀。句子的主語(yǔ)為“Thename”，因此需要用單數(shù)，此處為陳述事實(shí)，且根據(jù)后文定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)“refers”可知，該句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：最早的人類食用牛油果的證據(jù)是在墨西哥特瓦坎山谷的科克斯卡特蘭洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的牛油果的種子或石頭，可以追溯到公元前8000年左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入名詞，consume的名詞為consumption；構(gòu)成of所有格；此處表示“消耗”為不可數(shù)名詞。故填consumption。【39題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：最早的人類食用牛油果的證據(jù)是在墨西哥特瓦坎山谷的科克斯卡特蘭洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)的牛油果的種子或石頭，可以追溯到公元前8000年左右。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格及其后面為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾theseeds；先行詞為名詞。故填which?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：牛油果的果肉的高含油量將使這種水果成為史前飲食的寶貴補(bǔ)充。avaluableadditionto意為“對(duì)……是一個(gè)有價(jià)值的補(bǔ)充”。故填to?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：牛油果很快就被馴化了，種植在墨西哥和中美洲。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；trees與plant之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填planted?！?2題詳解】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：當(dāng)探險(xiǎn)家克里斯托弗·哥倫布于1492年到達(dá)南美洲時(shí)，牛油果已經(jīng)被南至秘魯食用。此處的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為1492，過去的時(shí)間，因此需要使用一般故去時(shí)。故填reached?！?3題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：如今，墨西哥是世界上最大的牛油果生產(chǎn)國(guó)，這種水果也是美國(guó)加利福尼亞州、多米尼加共和國(guó)和印度尼西亞的重要作物。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處位于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前，因此需要填入冠詞；important以元音音素開頭，因此用an。故填an?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：牛油果有著令人驚嘆的味道、黃油般的果肉和高營(yíng)養(yǎng)含量，最近越來(lái)越受歡迎，人們繼續(xù)尋找創(chuàng)新的方式來(lái)享受它。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處需要填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，本句中表示目的，因此需要填入動(dòng)詞不定式，表示目的。findawaytodosth.為固定搭配。故填toenjoy?！?5題詳解】考查副詞。句意：牛油果可能是最著名的沙拉原料，但在拉丁美洲，牛油果仍然被廣泛用于雞肉和土豆湯的裝飾。此處修飾