七選五-江蘇題目-梯度訓(xùn)練15篇（解析版）

七選五專項(xiàng)突破高考一模江蘇題目梯度訓(xùn)練Passage1（2024·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測）Whenwearefacedwithacrisis,orifwehaveanimportantdecisiontomake,manyofusfallintothetrapofover-thinking.Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.1Howcanwestopourselvesfromover-thinking?Doingsomethingtodistractyourselfisagoodidea.Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespeciallygood.2Yourbrainsimplydoesn’thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexampleover-thinking.3Studieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainisforcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimetofocusonsomethingdifferent,whichcancauseover-thinking.Constantwishing,hopingandprayingdonotgiveyouanyrelief.Theyjustkeepyoustuckinoneplace.Buttakingthesmalleststepoffthecrisisreallymatters.Itwillsetthingsinmotion,makingyoulikeasnowball.4Thetrapsarethingsthatcauseyournaturalabilitytoreactwithoutyourealizingthatthereisaconnectionbetweenthetwo.Thus,avoidingrelevanttrapsisalsoagoodidea.5Forexample,ifoneofyourcolleaguesissonegativethatshealwaysdragsyoudown,stophangingoutwithherbyhavinglunchaloneatanearbyrestaurant.A．Thismindsettendstoruinourday.B．Putsimply,outofsight,outofmind.C．Justasasayinggoes,oncebitten,twiceshy.D．Youarereallygettingyourbrainworkingforyou.E．Otheractivitiesaretheonesthatarouseyourcuriosity.F．Itengagesyourmovementskillsandthinkingprocess.G．Thus,youwillgraduallymoveyourselfoutofthefeeling.【答案】1.A2.F3.E4.G5.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本篇主要講了一些阻止我們過度思考的方法。1.根據(jù)上文“Wemaykeepthinkingaboutsomethingconstantlyandtoolong.(我們可能一直在想某件事，而且想得太久了)”和下文“Howcanwestopourselvesfromover-thinking?(我們怎樣才能阻止自己過度思考呢？)”可知空格前后都是關(guān)乎over-thinking這種心態(tài)，所以選項(xiàng)說明過度思考的不良影響，故A選項(xiàng)“這種心態(tài)往往會毀了我們的一天”符合語境，故選A。2.根據(jù)前文“Youcanfindworkingwithyourhandsisespeciallygood.(你會發(fā)現(xiàn)用手干活特別好)”和后文“Yourbrainsimplydoesn’thavetheresourcestosplititselfintoathirdactivity,forexampleover-thinking.(你的大腦沒有足夠的資源把自己分成第三個(gè)活動(dòng)，比如過度思考)”可以推斷這里填的是動(dòng)手的兩方面，故F選項(xiàng)“它涉及你的運(yùn)動(dòng)技能和思維過程”符合語境。故選F。3.根據(jù)后文“Studieshaveshownthatwhensomeoneviewssomethinginexcitementandanxiety,thebrainisforcedtobecomestuckinthepresentbecauseallofyoursensesarecompletelyengaged.Youdonothavetimetofocusonsomethingdifferent,whichcancauseover-thinking.(研究表明，當(dāng)一個(gè)人在興奮和焦慮中看到某事時(shí)，大腦被迫陷入當(dāng)下，因?yàn)槟闼械母泄俣纪耆珔⑴c其中。你沒有時(shí)間去關(guān)注不同的事情，這會導(dǎo)致過度思考)”可知，第三段整段，用興奮、焦慮的態(tài)度看事情會抑制過度思考，興奮對應(yīng)E選項(xiàng)中的curiosity。且第二段doingsomething和E選項(xiàng)中的other對應(yīng)上，故E選項(xiàng)“其他的活動(dòng)會引起你的好奇心”符合語境。故選E。4.根據(jù)上文“Constantwishing,hopingandprayingdonotgiveyouanyrelief.Theyjustkeepyoustuckinoneplace.Buttakingthesmalleststepoffthecrisisreallymatters.Itwillsetthingsinmotion,makingyoulikeasnowball.(不斷的希望、希望和祈禱并沒有給你任何解脫。他們只會把你困在一個(gè)地方。但在危機(jī)中邁出最小的一步真的很重要。它會讓事情動(dòng)起來，讓你像個(gè)雪球)”可以推斷把事情拆成小步驟，然后一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滾雪球式完成，故G選項(xiàng)“因此，你會逐漸擺脫這種感覺”突出一個(gè)gradually逐漸，符合語境。故選G。5.根據(jù)前文“Thetrapsarethingsthatcauseyournaturalabilitytoreactwithoutyourealizingthatthereisaconnectionbetweenthetwo.Thus,avoidingrelevanttrapsisalsoagoodidea.(陷阱是在你沒有意識到這兩者之間有聯(lián)系的情況下，引起你的自然反應(yīng)能力的事情。因此，避免相關(guān)的陷阱也是一個(gè)好主意)”和后文的例子遠(yuǎn)離負(fù)面情緒朋友，故B選項(xiàng)“眼不見心不煩”符合語境。故選B。Passage2（2024·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測）Lovingyourownbodyisofteneasiersaidthandone.Doyouknowthat70%ofwomenbetweentheagesof18-30disliketheirbodies?145%saytheyaredissatisfiedwiththeirbodiestoo.Therearecountlesswaysyoucanworkonbodypositivity,andyou’llhavetofindoutwhatworksforyou.Thinkhealthier,notskinnierWhenyou’remakingmeals,orwhenyou’rehittingthegym,don’tsetyourfitnessgoalsaccordingtoanumberyou’dliketoseeonthescale.Exerciseandahealthydietshouldn’tbeapunishment.2So,insteadofthinkingabouthowmuchyourbodyweighs,orhowit’sshaped,thinkaboutalltheamazingthingsitcando.SurroundyourselfwithpositivityNegativemessagesaboutbodyimageareallaroundus.Accordingtoonestudy,participantswhospentmoretimeonsocialmediaweremorelikelytodevelopanegativebodyimageandeatingdisorders.3Lookforpositivepeople,peoplewhopracticeself-love,andpeoplewhowillencourageyoutobewhoyouare.FocusonthethingsyoulikeaboutyourselfEverytimeanegativethoughtaboutyourbodypopsintoyourmind,counteritwithsomethingpositive.Trymakinglistsofthethingsyoulikeaboutyourbody.Andnotjusthowitlooks,butthethingsitallowsyoutodo.4Wenaturallytendtolookforourdissatisfactionsandoverlookthegoodthings.Tobreakoutofthatwayofthinking,itwilltakedailyrepetition.Justkeepatit.Stopcomparingyourselftoothers5Onepersonisbeautifulinoneway,andthenextpersoninsomeotherway.Andisn’tthathowitshouldbe?Imaginehowboringitwouldbeiftherewereonlyonewaytobe,andtofeel,beautiful.Comparingyourselftootherscanleaveyoufeelinglikeyoudon’tlookthewayyoushould,butyou’renotsupposedtolooklikesomeoneelse;you’resupposedtolooklikeyou.A．Listitallout.B．Pickupanewhobby.C．Andmenaren’tmuchbetteroff.D．Peoplecomeinallshapesandsizes.E．So,trytocutoutthenegativitythatyoucan.F．Oftenweprojectourowninsecuritiesontoothers.G．Itisonewayweshowrespectandappreciationforourbodies.【答案】1.C2.G3.E4.A5.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了幾個(gè)方法可以提高積極身體意象。1.根據(jù)上文“Doyouknowthat70%ofwomenbetweentheagesof18-30disliketheirbodies?”（你知道嗎，在18-30歲的女性中，有70%的人不喜歡自己的身材?）以及下文“45%saytheyaredissatisfiedwiththeirbodiestoo.”（45%說他們也對自己的身材不滿意。）可知，此空說明男性對自己身材的滿意情況。故C選項(xiàng)“男性的情況也好不到哪里去”承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。2.根據(jù)上文“Whenyou’remakingmeals,orwhenyou’rehittingthegym,don’tsetyourfitnessgoalsaccordingtoanumberyou’dliketoseeonthescale.Exerciseandahealthydietshouldn’tbeapunishment.”（當(dāng)你做飯的時(shí)候，或者當(dāng)你去健身房的時(shí)候，不要根據(jù)你想在體重秤上看到的數(shù)字來設(shè)定你的健身目標(biāo)。鍛煉和健康飲食不應(yīng)該是一種懲罰。）可知，說明對鍛煉和健康飲食不應(yīng)該是一種懲罰，G選項(xiàng)“它是我們尊重和欣賞自己身體的一種方式”承接上文，闡述了對待鍛煉和健康飲食的正確方式，符合語境，選項(xiàng)中的“It”指代上文中的“Exerciseandahealthydiet”。故選G項(xiàng)。3.上文“Accordingtoonestudy,participantswhospentmoretimeonsocialmediaweremorelikelytodevelopanegativebodyimageandeatingdisorders.”（根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，在社交媒體上花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間的參與者更有可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面的身體形象和飲食失調(diào)）指出社交媒體上花費(fèi)更多時(shí)間會對自己產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響；E選項(xiàng)“所以，盡量消除消極影響?！迸c上文為因果關(guān)系；下文“Lookforpositivepeople,peoplewhopracticeself-love,andpeoplewhowillencourageyoutobewhoyouare.”（尋找積極向上的人，那些愛自己的人，那些鼓勵(lì)你做自己的人）承接E選項(xiàng)，闡述消除消極情緒的方法。因此，E選項(xiàng)符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。4.根據(jù)上文“Trymakinglistsofthethingsyoulikeaboutyourbody.Andnotjusthowitlooks,butthethingsitallowsyoutodo.”（試著列出你喜歡自己身體的地方。不僅僅是它的外觀，還有它允許你做的事情。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文，指出要把自己身上所有喜歡的方面都列舉出來。故A選項(xiàng)“把這些都列出來”切題。故選A項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)上文“Stopcomparingyourselftoothers”（不要拿自己和別人比較）以及下文“Onepersonisbeautifulinoneway,andthenextpersoninsomeotherway.”（一個(gè)人在某一方面很美，另一個(gè)人在另一方面很美。）可知，選項(xiàng)解釋不要拿自己和別人比較的原因：每個(gè)人都是不同的。故D選項(xiàng)“人有各種形狀和大小”切題。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage3（2024·江蘇鹽城·模擬預(yù)測）ComparisonIstheThiefofJoyAsanathleteinthedigitalage,youwillfindcomparisoniseverywhere.1Eventresults,clubtimetrialsandsocialmediaaccountsallgiveinstantaccesstowhateveryoneelseisdoingandwhattimestheyaregetting,oftenrightnexttoourownachievements.Ifwearenotwherewewanttobeitcanfeelhorrible.2Ashumansweseekconnectionandasenseofbelonging.Thismeanswearecontinuallyassessingourselvesagainstotherstocheckwestillfitinwiththoseweperceivetobelikeus.Theissueinathleticsisyouarecomparinguncontrollableoutputsratherthanintentionalinputssoyoumightfeeldisappointed,yourconfidencecansufferablowandyourperformancemaydecline.Herearesomeessentialstrategiestoprotectyourselffromcomparison.Thefirstwayyoumightwanttohandlethiscomparisonisnottotrytoignorethoseyoumeasureyourselfagainst.3Isitenvy,shame,sadnessorunfairness?Withthisknowledgeyoucanconsidermorespecificwaystoimproveyourownathleticsjourney.Secondly,ifyoufeelbadwhencomparing,itmightsuggestyouarenothappywithyourownfitnessorresults.4Thinkaboutwhereyouwouldliketobeathleticallyinsixmonths’timeandwhichelementsyouwillneedinplacetogetthere:fitness,coaching,strengthandconditioning,nutrition,orsupport.Scorewhereyoucurrentlyarewitheachsoyoucanseewhichwillrequiremostworktoimprove.Whenyouhavethislistofimprovementsyoucanturneachintoaprocessgoaltoachieveweekly.5A．Usethisasthedrivetogoalsetting.B．Psychologically,comparisonsmakesense.C．Whencomparingtoomuch,weusuallyfeelrubbish.D．Thishelpsyouseeyou’removingintherightdirection.E．Therefore,youcandonothingbutacceptthecomparison.F．Itusuallyrequireslessefforttocompareourselveswithothers.G．Instead,careaboutwhatfeelingitistheyarestimulatingwithinyou.【答案】1.F2.B3.G4.A5.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。在通訊媒體和社交軟件非常發(fā)達(dá)的今天，競技運(yùn)動(dòng)員每天都有意無意的可以看到很多的和自己相關(guān)的比賽項(xiàng)目，時(shí)時(shí)刻刻會了解到競爭對手的訓(xùn)練情況，而這一切都會讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員產(chǎn)生一種比較的心理。這無形之中會給運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來很多心理上和訓(xùn)練時(shí)的壓力，如何正確看待這些不可避免的比較，甚至是利用好這些比較，是他們所要面對和思考的問題。本文分析了這種社會現(xiàn)象并給出了一些建議和方法。1.根據(jù)上文“Asanathleteinthedigitalage,youwillfindcomparisoniseverywhere.(作為數(shù)字時(shí)代的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)比較無處不在。)”以及下文“Eventresults,clubtimetrialsandsocialmediaaccountsallgiveinstantaccesstowhateveryoneelseisdoingandwhattimestheyaregetting(活動(dòng)結(jié)果、俱樂部計(jì)時(shí)賽和社交媒體賬戶都可以即時(shí)訪問其他人在做什么以及他們的時(shí)間)”可知，上文講到比較在生活中無處不在，下文又說任何一場比賽賽事、比賽結(jié)果和其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練情況都時(shí)時(shí)刻刻呈現(xiàn)在我們眼前。由此可知，這種比較極其容易產(chǎn)生，且非常普遍。F項(xiàng)“Itusuallyrequireslessefforttocompareourselveswithothers.(將自己與他人進(jìn)行比較通常需要較少的努力。)”承上啟下，符合語境，故選F項(xiàng)。2.根據(jù)下文“Ashumansweseekconnectionandasenseofbelonging.Thismeanswearecontinuallyassessingourselvesagainstotherstocheckwestillfitinwiththoseweperceivetobelikeus.(作為人類，我們尋求聯(lián)系和歸屬感。這意味著我們不斷地將自己與他人進(jìn)行比較，以檢查自己是否與我們認(rèn)為與自己相似的人合得來。)”可知，人們比較是為了檢查自己是否與我們認(rèn)為與自己相似的人合得來，這源于心理上追求一種群體歸屬感、圈子認(rèn)同感；B項(xiàng)“Psychologically,comparisonsmakesense.(從心理學(xué)角度講，比較是有意義的。)”符合語境，下文承接B選項(xiàng)，闡述為何比較是有意義的。故選B項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)上文“Thefirstwayyoumightwanttohandlethiscomparisonisnottotrytoignorethoseyoumeasureyourselfagainst.(你處理這種比較的第一種方法可能是不要試圖忽略那些與你比較的人。)”以及下文“Isitenvy,shame,sadnessorunfairness?Withthisknowledgeyoucanconsidermorespecificwaystoimproveyourownathleticsjourney.(是嫉妒、羞恥、悲傷還是不公平?有了這些知識，你可以考慮更具體的方法來改善你自己的運(yùn)動(dòng)之旅)”可知，處理此問題的方法不是忽略哪些你比較的對象，而是要去看比較給自己帶來哪些情緒。G項(xiàng)“Instead,careaboutwhatfeelingitistheyarestimulatingwithinyou.(相反，要關(guān)心他們在你內(nèi)心的刺激是什么感覺。)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，形成對比，下文中的“envy,shame,unfairness”選項(xiàng)中的“whatfeelingitistheyarestimulatingwithinyou”相對應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。4.根據(jù)上文“Secondly,ifyoufeelbadwhencomparing,itmightsuggestyouarenothappywithyourownfitnessorresults.(其次，如果你在比較時(shí)感覺不好，這可能表明你對自己的健康狀況或結(jié)果不滿意。)”可知，如果你感覺到比較讓你不快樂，帶來情緒的傷害，那么你可能對自己的健康狀況不滿意。下文“Thinkaboutwhereyouwouldliketobeathleticallyinsixmonths’timeandwhichelementsyouwillneedinplacetogetthere:fitness,coaching,strengthandconditioning,nutrition,orsupport.(想想你想在六個(gè)月的時(shí)間里在運(yùn)動(dòng)方面達(dá)到什么水平，你需要哪些因素來達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)：健康、教練、力量和調(diào)節(jié)、營養(yǎng)或支持。)”指出，應(yīng)該考慮一下自己要達(dá)成的目標(biāo)以及達(dá)到這個(gè)目標(biāo)所需要的因素；A項(xiàng)“Usethisasthedrivetogoalsetting.(以此作為設(shè)定目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力。)”承上啟下，建議把對自己的不滿意之處作為設(shè)定目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力，選項(xiàng)中的“this”指代上文中“youarenothappywithyourownfitnessorresults”，選項(xiàng)中的“goalsetting”與下文中“Thinkaboutwhereyouwouldliketobeathleticallyinsixmonths’time”表達(dá)的意思一致。故選A項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)上文“Scorewhereyoucurrentlyarewitheachsoyoucanseewhichwillrequiremostworktoimprove.Whenyouhavethislistofimprovementsyoucanturneachintoaprocessgoaltoachieveweekly.(在你目前所處的位置對每一個(gè)進(jìn)行評分，這樣你就可以看到哪一個(gè)需要做更多的工作才能改進(jìn)。當(dāng)你有了這個(gè)改進(jìn)列表，你就可以把每個(gè)改進(jìn)都變成一個(gè)每周要實(shí)現(xiàn)的過程目標(biāo)。)”可知，本段承接上文，介紹了利用比較促進(jìn)自己改變的具體做法。D項(xiàng)“Thishelpsyouseeyou’removingintherightdirection.(這有助于你看到自己正朝著正確的方向前進(jìn)。)”承接上文，說明上文所說的做法帶來的好處，選項(xiàng)中代詞“This”指代上文內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage4（2024·江蘇泰州·模擬預(yù)測）HOWTOGETTHEMOSTOUTOFEVERYBOOKYOUREADReadingbookscanbeoneoflife’sgreatestpleasuresandlearningexperiences.1.Especiallyifyou’rereadingabookformorethanjustthepleasureofit,youhavetodomorethanjustturnoveritspages.Herewewillexploreactionablewaystomaximizethebenefitsofreading.SetcleargoalsbeforereadingUnderstandingwhyyou’rereadingabookcansignificantlyimpacthowyouapproachit.Therightgoalwillhelpyoupayattentiontowhat’smostimportant.Ifyou’rereadingabookaboutphotography,youmaywanttopayparticularattentiontotheimages.2.MakesummariesforeverychapterAfterfinishingachapter,takeafewminutestosummarizeitinyourownwords.3.Italsocreatesahandyreferenceguideforthefuture.Summarizingcanbeacreativeprocess,too.Tryusingbulletpoints,mindmaps,orone-linerstocapturetheessenceofeachchapter.Applywhatyou’velearned4.Ifabookteachesyouanewapproachtotimemanagement,tryimplementingitinyourdailyroutine.Ifanovelprovidesamorallesson,reflectonhowitappliestoyourlife.Thisactiveapplicationensuresthatthebookleavesalastingimpact.5Theprocessofreadingdoesn’tendwhenyouturnthelastpage.Regularlyrevisitingyournotes,summaries,andreflectionskeepsthematerialfreshandrelevant.Considersettingasidetimeeachmonthtoreviewpreviousreadsandreflecthowthey’veshapedyourthoughtsandactions.Notforeverybook,ofcourse,justforthemostimpactfulones.A．RepeatreadingfordeeperinsightsB．ReviewandreflectC．Youmaynoticedetails,themes,orideasthatwerehiddenduringyourfirstreadingD．ThisexercisedeepensyourunderstandingandhelpsidentifythecentralthemesandideasE．SospendsometimereflectingonwhatyouhopetoachieveandletthatguideyourreadingprocessF．However,manyofusstruggletorememberandapplywhatwe’vereadG．Takingactiononwhatyou’vereadtransformstheoreticalknowledgeintopracticalwisdom【答案】1.F2.E3.D4.G5.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是如何從你讀過的每本書中獲得最大的收獲。1.空前“Readingbookscanbeoneoflife’sgreatestpleasuresandlearningexperiences.(讀書是人生最大的樂趣和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷之一。)”說明讀書是人生最大的樂趣和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷之一，空后“Especiallyifyou’rereadingabookformorethanjustthepleasureofit,youhavetodomorethanjustturnoveritspages.Herewewillexploreactionablewaystomaximizethebenefitsofreading.(尤其是如果你讀一本書不僅僅是為了樂趣，你必須做的不僅僅是翻頁。在這里，我們將探索可行的方法來最大化閱讀的好處。)”說明了后文就要講最大化閱讀的好處的方法，由此可見，有的人不能很好地從閱讀中得到好處，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“However,manyofusstruggletorememberandapplywhatwe’veread(然而，我們中的許多人都很難記住和應(yīng)用我們讀過的東西)”中的However表轉(zhuǎn)折，說明我們中的許多人很難記住和應(yīng)用我們讀過的東西，也就是不能從閱讀中得到最大的好處，因此F選項(xiàng)承上啟下，符合語境，故選F。2.本段小標(biāo)題是“Setcleargoalsbeforereading(閱讀前設(shè)定明確的目標(biāo))”，說明本段主要講的是閱讀前要設(shè)定明確的目標(biāo)，空格處應(yīng)該是和設(shè)定目標(biāo)有關(guān)，E選項(xiàng)“Sospendsometimereflectingonwhatyouhopetoachieveandletthatguideyourreadingprocess(所以，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間思考你希望達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，并讓它指導(dǎo)你的閱讀過程)”說明要思考閱讀要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)，和小標(biāo)題一致，符合語境，故選E。3.空前“Afterfinishingachapter,takeafewminutestosummarizeitinyourownwords.(讀完一章后，花幾分鐘用自己的話總結(jié)一下。)”說明了讀完一章后要花幾分鐘用自己的話總結(jié)一下，空格處應(yīng)該說明這么做的好處，D選項(xiàng)“Thisexercisedeepensyourunderstandingandhelpsidentifythecentralthemesandideas(這個(gè)練習(xí)加深你的理解，幫助你確定中心主題和思想)”說明了讀完一章后花幾分鐘用自己的話總結(jié)一下的好處，因此承接上文，符合語境，故選D。4.本段小標(biāo)題是“Applywhatyou’velearned(學(xué)以致用)”，說明本段要講的是把讀到的東西加以應(yīng)用，空格處應(yīng)該和應(yīng)用讀到的東西有關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)“Takingactiononwhatyou’vereadtransformstheoreticalknowledgeintopracticalwisdom(運(yùn)用你讀過的東西，可以將理論知識轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)踐智慧)”說明了應(yīng)用讀過的東西，和小標(biāo)題一致，符合語境，故選G。5.空格處是本段小標(biāo)題，由空后的“Regularlyrevisitingyournotes,summaries,andreflectionskeepsthematerialfreshandrelevant.Considersettingasidetimeeachmonthtoreviewpreviousreadsandreflecthowthey’veshapedyourthoughtsandactions.(定期回顧筆記、總結(jié)和反思，可以保持材料的新鮮感和相關(guān)性?？紤]一下每個(gè)月抽出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間回顧一下以前讀過的文章，反思一下它們是如何影響你的思想和行動(dòng)的。)”可知，本段主要講的是要回顧和反思，B選項(xiàng)“Reviewandreflect(回顧和反思)”說明了要回顧和反思，概括了本段主要內(nèi)容，可作為小標(biāo)題，故選B。Passage5（2024·江蘇·模擬預(yù)測）Ifyouliveinacitythatgetslotsofsnowandice,thenyoumightbefamiliarwithroadsalt.Yourlocalgovernmentlikelyhasseveralice-removingtrucksthatspreadroadsaltontheroadstogetridofice.1Tofigurethatout,youfirstneedtoknowwhatroadsaltis.Roadsaltissimplyrocksalt,whichistablesaltinitsnaturalform.Tablesaltgoesthroughaverylongpurification(凈化)process.2Asaresult,rocksaltisn’tpure—besidessalt,itcontainssomemineralslikelead,iron,etc.Andforthisreason,rocksaltdoesn’tlookthatbright.Now,let’slookatwhyroadsaltcanremoveiceonroads.Iceformswhenthetemperatureofwaterreaches0℃.Thefreezingpointofthewaterisloweredoncesaltisadded.3A10percentsaltsolution(溶液)freezesat-6℃,anda20percentsolutionfreezesatmuchlowerdegrees.However,rocksalthasitslimitations.Forinstance,ifthetemperatureoftheroadwayistoolow,thesaltwon’thaveanyeffectontheice.4Aswementionedearlier,rocksaltcancontainlead,iron,etc.Whenrocksaltisspread,thesemineralsarealsospread,harmingsoilandundergroundwater.5That’sbecausetherearemanysaltminesaroundtheworld,whichmakesrocksaltrelativelyaffordableandaccessible.Additionally,rocksaltcanbestoredeasilyandforverylongperiodswithoutlosingitsabilitytoremoveice.A．Butrocksaltdoesnot.B．Thenhowexactlydoesitwork?C．Thelongpurificationprocessiscostly.D．Insuchcases,citieswillusesandinstead.E．Sothesaltmakesitharderforthewatertofreeze.F．Rocksaltalsohasmajorenvironmentalproblems.G．Evenso,rocksaltisstillwidelyusedtoremoveice.【答案】1.B2.C3.E4.D5.G【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了融雪鹽的作用原理、局限性，以及為何盡管存在一些弊端仍然被廣泛使用的原因。1.由上文“Yourlocalgovernmentlikelyhasseveralice-removingtrucksthatspreadroadsaltontheroadstogetridofice.(你所在的地方政府可能有幾輛除冰車，在路上撒融雪鹽以清除積冰)”可知，接下來可能會探討融雪鹽如何發(fā)揮作用的問題，因此B選項(xiàng)“Thenhowexactlydoesitwork?(那么它究竟是如何工作的呢？)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選B。2.由上文“Tofigurethatout,youfirstneedtoknowwhatroadsaltis.Roadsaltissimplyrocksalt,whichistablesaltinitsnaturalform.Tablesaltgoesthroughaverylongpurification(凈化)process.(要弄清楚這一點(diǎn)，你首先需要知道什么是道路鹽。道路鹽就是簡單的巖鹽，它是天然形式的食鹽。食鹽要經(jīng)過很長的凈化過程)”以及下文“Asaresult,rocksaltisn’tpure—besidessalt,itcontainssomemineralslikelead,iron,etc.(因此，巖鹽并不純凈——除了鹽之外，它還含有一些礦物質(zhì)，如鉛、鐵等)”可知，此處在對比食鹽和巖鹽的凈化問題，因此C選項(xiàng)“Thelongpurificationprocessiscostly(漫長的凈化過程代價(jià)高昂)”指出了巖鹽未經(jīng)這樣的凈化過程，導(dǎo)致含有雜質(zhì)，能承上啟下，符合題意。故選C。3.由上文“Thefreezingpointofthewaterisloweredoncesaltisadded.(一旦加入鹽，水的冰點(diǎn)就會降低)”可知，接下來的內(nèi)容應(yīng)繼續(xù)解釋這一現(xiàn)象的結(jié)果或影響，因此E選項(xiàng)“Sothesaltmakesitharderforthewatertofreeze.(所以鹽使水更難凍結(jié))”說明了加鹽后水不易結(jié)冰的原因，能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。4.由上文“Forinstance,ifthetemperatureoftheroadwayistoolow,thesaltwon’thaveanyeffectontheice.(例如，如果路面溫度太低，鹽對冰沒有任何作用)”可知，此處提到融雪鹽在某些情況下失效的情況，因此D選項(xiàng)“Insuchcases,citieswillusesandinstead.(在這種情況下，城市將改用沙子)”提出了這種情況下的一種替代方法，能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。5.由下文“That’sbecausetherearemanysaltminesaroundtheworld,whichmakesrocksaltrelativelyaffordableandaccessible.(這是因?yàn)槭澜绺鞯赜性S多鹽礦，使得巖鹽相對便宜且容易獲取)”可知，這部分內(nèi)容是在解釋為什么盡管巖鹽有環(huán)境問題但仍被廣泛使用的原因，因此G選項(xiàng)“Evenso,rocksaltisstillwidelyusedtoremoveice.(即便如此，巖鹽仍被廣泛用于除冰)”引出了下文的解釋，符合題意。故選G。Passage6（2024·江蘇南京·模擬預(yù)測）WhenIwasakid,Itooktravelingwithmyparentsforgranted.Sure,theypaidforeverything.Buttheywerebasicallynodifferentfromteacherstakingustoafieldtrip.1.Forexample,theytookustoDenaliNationalParkinsteadofDisneyWorld.Andwesometimesstayedathotelswithoutpools.AndtheyneverletusbuyanythingfromtheSkyMallcatalog(目錄).Ofcourse,some20yearslater,Iconsidertravelingwithmyparents,nowbothintheir60s,tobetheutmostprivilege.2.NeitheramI,andeverydaythatpassesbringsusclosertoourlast.Fortunately,sincegraduatingcollege,I’vebeenabletocoversomeseriousgroundwitheachofthem.TogethermydadandIhavelookedfortheLochNessmonsterinScotland,photographedwildlifeinGrandTetonNationalPark,andmostrecently,survivedthefamouslydangerousDrakePassage.Meanwhile,mymomandIhavestayedata$9/nighttreehousehostelinMexico,eatenataMichelin-starredvegetarianrestaurantinVienna,andmostrecently,road-trippedthroughthreestates.3.Afterall,evenifyou’retheapplethatfellrightunderthetree,travelingwiththepeoplewhoraisedyouisn’talwayseasy.“4,”saysAlexisSherry,aNewJersey-basedtravelagent.Still,Sherryisseeinganincreasingnumberofclientsrequestingvacationsformorethanonegeneration.Theycanbedifficulttoplan,butsofarshesaysshe’shadno“disasters,”andoften,herclientscomebackcloserthanever.“Ourparentsareourearliestattachmentbonds,”saysKatied’Autremont,alicensedprofessionaladviserbasedinBozeman,Montana.“Itcanbehealingandfuntorekindlethatbondinouradultyearsandasouradultselves.”Sheseestravelingtogetherastheperfectopportunityforgettingtoknoweachotherforwhowearenow,with“now”beingthekeyword.5.A．ThosememoriesaregoldenB．Iknowthey’renolongerunbeatableC．Afterall,ashumans,we’realwaysevolvingD．That’snottosaythatallofourtripshavebeenwithoutflawsE．Tomybrothersandme,theyseemedtobebentonlimitingourfunF．PlanningavacationcanbeconsiderablytrickywhenitinvolvesdemandingparentsG．Therearealwayschallengesaswearedealingwithdifferentphysicalabilitiesandinterests【答案】1.E2.B3.D4.G5.C【導(dǎo)語】本文的體裁是記敘文。作者回憶了和父親一起在蘇格蘭尋找尼斯湖水怪，拍攝野生動(dòng)物，還一起渡過了危險(xiǎn)的德雷克海峽；他和母親一起住在墨西哥的樹屋旅館，品嘗維也納的米其林星級素食餐廳，還一起穿越了三個(gè)州。作者認(rèn)為，即使有時(shí)候和父母一起旅行并不容易，但這是一種重新建立聯(lián)系的好機(jī)會。1.根據(jù)上文“WhenIwasakid,Itooktravelingwithmyparentsforgranted.（當(dāng)我還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，我認(rèn)為和父母一起旅行是理所當(dāng)然的。）”以及下文“Forexample,theytookustoDenaliNationalParkinsteadofDisneyWorld.Andwesometimesstayedathotelswithoutpools.AndtheyneverletusbuyanythingfromtheSkyMallcatalog(目錄).（例如，他們帶我們?nèi)サ录{利國家公園而不是迪士尼世界。我們有時(shí)住在沒有游泳池的酒店。他們從不允許我們從《空中商城目錄》上買任何東西。）”可知，父母的一些行為在作者小時(shí)候看來是限制了自己的樂趣，與E項(xiàng)“Tomybrothersandme,theyseemedtobebentonlimitingourfun（對我和我的兄弟們來說，他們似乎一心想要限制我們的樂趣）”表達(dá)的意思一致，故選E項(xiàng)。2.根據(jù)上文“Ofcourse,some20yearslater,Iconsidertravelingwithmyparents,nowbothintheir60s,tobetheutmostprivilege.（當(dāng)然，大約20年后，我認(rèn)為和現(xiàn)在都60多歲的父母一起旅行是最大的榮幸。）”以及下文“NeitheramI,andeverydaythatpassesbringsusclosertoourlast.（我也不是，每過一天，我們就離最后一天更近一步。）”可知，作者意識到父母不再是不可戰(zhàn)勝的，與B項(xiàng)“Iknowthey’renolongerunbeatable（我知道他們不再是不可戰(zhàn)勝的）”表達(dá)的意思一致，故選B項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)下文“Afterall,evenifyou’retheapplethatfellrightunderthetree,travelingwiththepeoplewhoraisedyouisn’talwayseasy.（畢竟，即使你是正好掉在樹下的蘋果，和養(yǎng)育你的人一起旅行并不總是容易的。）”可知，作者是想說和父母旅行并不都是完美的，與D項(xiàng)“That’snottosaythatallofourtripshavebeenwithoutflaws（這并不是說我們所有的旅行都沒有缺陷）”表達(dá)的意思一致，故選D項(xiàng)。4.根據(jù)空前一句提到的“travelingwiththepeoplewhoraisedyouisn'talwayseasy（和養(yǎng)育你的人一起旅行并不總是容易的）”，以及下文提到的“Herclientscomebackcloserthanever（她的客戶回來后比以往任何時(shí)候都要親密）”，可知，旅行中雖然有挑戰(zhàn)，但也有可能增進(jìn)關(guān)系，G選項(xiàng)“Therearealwayschallengesaswearedealingwithdifferentphysicalabilitiesandinterests（我們在應(yīng)對不同的身體能力和興趣時(shí)總會遇到挑戰(zhàn)）”符合語境，既說明了旅行中的挑戰(zhàn)，又與后文的積極結(jié)果形成對比，故選G項(xiàng)。5.根據(jù)上文“Sheseestravelingtogetherastheperfectopportunityforgettingtoknoweachotherforwhowearenow,with“now”beingthekeyword.（她認(rèn)為一起旅行是一個(gè)完美的機(jī)會，讓我們了解彼此現(xiàn)在的樣子，“現(xiàn)在”是關(guān)鍵詞。）”可知，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在是關(guān)鍵，所以作為人類，我們總是在不斷發(fā)展變化的，與C項(xiàng)“Afterall,ashumans,we’realwaysevolving（畢竟，作為人類，我們總是在不斷進(jìn)化）”表達(dá)的意思一致，故選C項(xiàng)。Passage7（2024·江蘇揚(yáng)州·模擬預(yù)測）Bodyshaminginvolveshumiliating(羞辱)someonemakingnegativecommentsabouttheirbodysizeorshape.1Youmayfeelunhappywithhowyourbodylooksandjudgeyourselfunkindly.However,therearewaystoovercometheproblemandbuildbodypositivity.2Takingcareofyourselfisnotaselfishact;it’snecessaryforyourpersonalwell-being.Exercise,eathealthyfood,enjoythecompanyofpeoplewhocareaboutyou,andspendsometimeoutdoorstorefreshyourbodyandyourmind.Replacingnegativeself-talkwithpositivethoughtscanbeusefulformakingyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfandyourbody.3Forexample,ifyouhavebeautifulhairoreyes,thisisjustasimportantasthefeaturesyoudislikeorthatotherstrytoridicule.Socialmediaoftenemphasizesphysicalappearanceandmakesiteasytoposthurtfulcommentsaboutothers.Cuttingdownorsteppingawayfromsocialmediacangiveyouanopportunitytoconnectin-personandparticipateinotheractivitiesthatliftyourmood.Communicatingface-to-faceisnature’scureofstress.4Reachouttoothersforguidanceandsupportandletthemknowwhatyouhavebeenexperiencing.5Havingasafeoutlettoexpressyouremotionscanhelpyoucopewiththedistressandhumiliationofbeingbodyshamed.A．Treatyourselfwithkindnessandlove.B．Don’thideorisolateyourselffromothers.C．Thistypeofcriticismcanbemadetoothersoryourself.D．Shiftyourfocustothethingsthatyoulikeaboutyourself.E．Beingphysicallyactiveisalsoimportantforyouroverallhealthandwell-being.F．It’scrucialtofindsomeoneyoutrustandfeelcomfortablesharingyourfeelingswith.G．Whilenobodyisimmunetosocialpressurestolookgood,anycommentsaboutyourbodyareunnecessary.【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.E5.F【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文介紹了“身體羞恥”現(xiàn)象，并提出了應(yīng)對方法。1.根據(jù)前文“Bodyshaminginvolveshumiliating(羞辱)someonemakingnegativecommentsabouttheirbodysizeorshape.(“身體羞辱”指的是對某人的身材或體型做出負(fù)面評論)”以及后文“Youmayfeelunhappywithhowyourbodylooksandjudgeyourselfunkindly.However,therearewaystoovercometheproblemandbuildbodypositivity.(你可能會對自己的外表感到不滿意，并對自己不友好。然而，有一些方法可以克服這個(gè)問題，建立身體的積極性)”可知，空前是在介紹什么是“身體羞辱”，后文講述對自己的外表感到不滿意，所以空處應(yīng)是一個(gè)過渡句，C項(xiàng)“Thistypeofcriticismcanbemadetoothersoryourself.(這種批評可以對別人也可以對自己)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)。2.設(shè)空位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“Takingcareofyourselfisnotaselfishact;it’snecessaryforyourpersonalwell-being.Exercise,eathealthyfood,enjoythecompanyofpeoplewhocareaboutyou,andspendsometimeoutdoorstorefreshyourbodyandyourmind.(照顧好自己不是自私的行為；這對你的個(gè)人幸福是必要的。鍛煉身體，吃健康的食物，享受關(guān)心你的人的陪伴，花一些時(shí)間在戶外，讓你的身體和思想煥然一新的)”可知，本段主要講述要善待自己，所以A項(xiàng)“Treatyourselfwithkindnessandlove.(善待自己，愛自己)”符合本段主題，為本段中心句。故選A項(xiàng)。3.根據(jù)前文“Replacingnegativeself-talkwithpositivethoughtscanbeusefulformakingyoufeelbetteraboutyourselfandyourbody.(用積極的想法取代消極的自言自語會讓你對自己和自己的身體感覺更好)”以及后文“Forexample,ifyouhavebeautifulhairoreyes,thisisjustasimportantasthefeaturesyoudislikeorthatotherstrytoridicule.(例如，如果你有美麗的頭發(fā)或眼睛，這與你不喜歡或別人試圖嘲笑的特征一樣重要)”可知，空前講述用積極的想法取代消極的自言自語，后文具體舉例，所以空處應(yīng)是介紹了一種方法，D項(xiàng)“Shiftyourfocustothethingsthatyoulikeaboutyourself.(把你的注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到你喜歡自己的事情上)”符合文意，承接上文，引出下文。故選D項(xiàng)。4.根據(jù)前文“Socialmediaoftenemphasizesphysicalappearanceandmakesiteasytopost