高中英語外刊-語法填空46篇（解析版）

高一（上）語法填空專項練習(xí)

體裁說明文詞數(shù)255限時10分鐘

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully...

Languageoftenseemssoskillfully(1)(draft)thatonecanhardlyimagineitas

anything(2)(此題2空)theperfectedhandiworkofamastercraftsman.Howelsecould

thisinstrumentmakesomuchoutofbarelythreedozenmeaslymorselsofsound?Inthemselves,

theseconfigurations(構(gòu)造)ofmouth--一p,f,b,v,t,d,k,g,sh,a,eandsoon---(3)

(amount)tonothingmorethanafewhaphazard(隨意的)spitsandsplutters,randomnoiseswith

nomeaning,noabilitytoexpress,nopowertoexplain.Butrunthemthroughthecogsandwheels

ofthelanguagemachine,and_____⑷_____(let)itarrangetheminsomeveryspecialorders,

andthereisnothing(5)thesemeaninglessstreamsofaircannotdo:fromsighingthe

interminableboredomofexistenceto⑹(unravel)thefundamentalorderofthe

universe.(7)(extraordinary)thingaboutlanguage,however,isthatonedoesn'thavetobea

geniustosetitswheelsinmotion.Thelanguagemachineallowsjustabouteverybody——frompre-

modernforagers(搜尋食物的人)inthesubtropicalsavannah,topost-modernphilosophersinthe

suburbansprawl——[8](tie)thesemeaninglesssoundstogetherintoaninfinitevariety

ofsubtlesenses,andallapparentlywithouttheslightestexertion.Yetitispreciselythisdeceptive

easewhichmakeslanguageavictimofitsownsuccess,sinceineverydaylifeitstriumphsare

usuallytakenforgranted.Thewheelsoflanguagerunsosmoothlythatonerarelybothers(9)

(stop)andthinkaboutalltheresourcefulnessandexpertisethatmust(10)(go)into

makingittick.Languageconcealsart.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.drafted

考查非謂語動詞：動詞的-ed形式

解析：由前面的副詞skillfully修飾的過去分詞，解釋為“精雕細(xì)琢

■2.otherthan

考查介詞短語

解析：“除了”。

■3.amount

考查謂語動詞短語

解析：amountto解釋為“相當(dāng)于”。

■4.let

考查祈使句

解析：與前面的“run”并列，兩句都是祈使句。

■5.that

考查主從復(fù)合句，從句引導(dǎo)詞

解析：定語從句。

■6.unraveling

考查非謂語動詞：動詞的-ing形式

解析：to后面的介詞賓語使用動名詞，解釋為“闡明”。

■7.Themostextraordinary

考查形容詞最高級

解析：語言最與眾不同的地方。

■8.totie

考查非謂語動詞：動詞不定式

解析：Thelanguagemachineallowsjusteverybodytotiethesemeaninglesssoundstogether.“允

許某人做某事”。

■9.tostop

考查非謂語動詞：動詞不定式

解析：bothertodosth.“特地去做某事

■10.havegone

考查情態(tài)動詞

解析：musthavedone表示對過去的肯定推測。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)342限時10分鐘

ChangxingIsland

WhatistheclosestislandtoShanghai?Ifyouanswer46ChongmingIsland”,thenyouarewrong.It

shouldbeChangxingIsland,Q)islocatedbetweenCongmingIslandandPudong

NewDistrict.Astoadministration(行政管理)，it⑵(belong)toBaoshanDistrict.

Withalargeareaofforestsandfreshair,thisislandenjoysreputationsof“CleanIsland,,and

""LongevityIsland".ItsuniquenaturalenvironmentandrichnaturalresourcesmakeChangxing

Island^tourismindustryfully______⑶______(develop).

Therearemanyplacesofinterestthere,suchasShanghaiOrangeGrove,MongolianVillageRace

Track,HangingBeadsPark(ChuizhuYuan),ShanghaiStuntCenter,XianfengResort,andetc.

TravelerscantakebusNo.5,51,116,522,728,848and849toWusongdock(4)you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIsland.TravelerscanalsotakeShenchong(Line2)ShuttleBus,

(5)operatinghourisfrom6:00a.m.to7:00p.m.toChangxingIsland.Iftravelerspreferto

reachtheislandwiththeirowncars,ferrieswhichcancarrycarsshouldbeagreatchoice.

ChangxingIsland,alsoknownas“theHometownofOranges^^isagreatplaceforvacation.Once

youandyourfamilymembersorfriendsreachtheisland,youcandrivetotheOrangeGroveResort

toenjoy（6）Theorangesgrowninthegrovelooksbrightandsmooth,andtheyare

veryjuicyandsweet.Onceinlateautumnseason,goldenorangeshangingonthebrancheslook

verytempting.Thethousandacresoforangesthere⑦giveatotalproductionof1.75

millionkilogramsannually.AnotherplacefamousfororangesisShanghaiOrangerieResortlocated

inQianweiFarm,inthecentralpartofChangxingIsland.[8）the1980s,theOrangeArt

Festivalhasbeenheldonthisfarmeachautumn,attractingtensofthousandsofadmiringvisitors.

（9）beingthefamous“orangetown^^,ChangxingIslandisagreatplaceforvisitorstoenjoy

raftingorgoingtotheriversidetoenjoythewonderfulscenewritteninapoembyWangBo,

（10）famouspoetinTangDynasty.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.which

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。which指代先行詞ChangxingIsland,在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語。

■2.belongs

考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：belongto意為“屬于"，應(yīng)該使用主動結(jié)構(gòu)（不能用被動）。其次，此處講的是客觀事

實“長興島隸屬寶山區(qū)管轄”，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時，填寫belongs。

■3.developed

考查非謂語動詞

解析:本題考查make...done（使…被…）。此處make的賓語是ChangxingIsland'stourism

industry（長興島的旅游業(yè)），與所填詞develop形成被動關(guān)系（旅游業(yè)被發(fā)展）。故采用被動結(jié)

構(gòu)，make...developed。

■4.where

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。先行詞Wusongdock（吳淞碼頭）在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，you

cantakeashiptoChangxingIslandatWusongdock,所以此處atwhich銜接從句?，F(xiàn)在由于

只挖了一個空，可采用關(guān)系副詞where來替代。

■5.whose

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：00a.m.to7:00p.m.（申崇二線的運行時間是從早上六點到晚上七點），所以此處使用

whose來連接上下句。

■6.yourselves

考查代詞

解析：此處考察詞組enjoyoneself（玩得高興）。由于前文提及youandyourfamilymembersor

friends,可見此處應(yīng)當(dāng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

■7.can

考查情態(tài)動詞

解析：本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。根據(jù)句意,“那里上千畝的橘子能夠每年生產(chǎn)175萬公斤”，

故填cano

■8.Since

考查連詞

解析：后文有現(xiàn)在完成時hasbeenheld作為提示，再根據(jù)句意“自從二十世紀(jì)八卜年代以來，

每年秋天農(nóng)場都舉行橘子節(jié)”，可知，本處填寫Since較為合適。

■9.Besides

考查介詞

解析：本處考察上下文的邏輯分析能力。前面講長興島是著名的“橘子之鄉(xiāng)”，后面講長興島

也是個享受竹筏漂流的地方，兩者是“同時包括在內(nèi)”的關(guān)系。因此，填寫besides,表明“在

長興島既可享受美味的橘子，還可玩漂流等親水項目”。

■10.a

考查冠詞

解析：此處填寫冠詞a,構(gòu)成afamouspoet（一位著名的詩人），來作為前文WangB。的同位

語。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)424限時11分鐘

HotDrinksLinkedtoCancer

Nexttimeyoumakeyourselfahotcupofteaorcoffee,youmightwanttoletitcooldownabit

beforedrinking.ResearcherssaylettingyourhotdrinkscooloffQjhelpyouavoid

somekindsofcancer.Infact,theUnitedNations'cancerresearchagencydecided(2)

(list)hotdrinkswithlead,gasolineandexhaustfumesas"possiblycarcinogenic."Inotherwords,

eachonecouldcausecancer.TheInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(IARC)ispartof

由eWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).TheIARCpublishedthefindingsinthemedicaljournal

LancetOncology.ResearchersatIARCfoundevidencethatdrinksattemperaturesabove65degrees

Celsius,when(3)(swallow),cancausecanceroftheesophagus.

Theresearchersexaminedfindingsfromotherstudies⑷teaandcoffeewereoften

servedat70degreesCelsiusorabove.ThosestudieswerecompletedinIran,ChinaandSouth

America.Indevelopedcountries,healthexperts[5](link)esophagealcancerto

smokingandalcoholicdrinksinmanystudies.However,thisformofcanceris(6)

(common)inareaswherepeopledrinkbeveragesatveryhightemperatures.

InEuropeandtheUnitedStates,manypeopledrinkcoffeeandteaattemperaturesaround60degrees

Celsius.Andtheyoftenaddmilkwhichlowersthetemperatureconsiderably.(7)tea-

drinkersinIranandmate-drinkersinSouthAmericaoftenenjoytheirbeveragesatcloserto70

degreesCelsius.Mateisatea-likebrewmadeby(8)(steep)theleavesoftheyerba

mateplantinnear-boilingwater.

TheresearchersnotethatSouthAmericansnotonlydrinktheirmateveryhot,theyalsodrinkit

throughametalstraw.Thissendsthescaldingliquiddirectly(9)thethroat.The

findings,however,aregoodnewsforcoffeedrinkers.

In1991,theWorldHealthOrganizationlistedcoffeeas"possiblycarcinogenic."WHOofficials

havesincechangedtheirpositiononthatlisting.Theynowsuggestthatthetemperatureofyourhot

drinkisagreaterriskfactorthantheactualdrinkitself.

ChristopherWildisthedirectoroftheIARC.WhenhespokewiththeAFPnewsagency,hesaid

theresults"suggestthatdrinkingveryhotbeveragesisoneprobablecauseofesophagealcancerand

thatitisthetemperature,(10)(止匕題2空)thedrinksthemselves,thatappearstobe

responsible,"TheNationalCoffeeAssociationcalledthechange"greatnewsforcoffeedrinkers.'1

Buthowcommonisesophagealcancer?Worldwide,itistheeighthmostcommoncancer.Cancer

oftheesophaguskilledabout400,000peoplein2012.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.could

考查情態(tài)動詞

解析：文章第一句說你下次喝一杯熱茶或熱咖啡之前，你或許可以先冷卻一下。接下來說研

究者指出讓熱飲冷卻一下能夠幫助你避免某些類型的癌癥。表示能夠的情態(tài)動詞，而且表達(dá)

委婉的語氣，因此用could。

■2.tolist

考查非謂語動詞中的動詞不定式

解析：本題考查動詞decide的用法,“decidetodosth”表示決定做某事，該句的意思是美國

癌癥研究部門決定將熱飲和鉛，汽油等一同列入容易致癌的名單中。

■3.swallowed

考查非謂語動詞中的動詞-ed形式。

解析：研究人員指出65攝氏度以上的熱飲，當(dāng)被吞咽時一，容易導(dǎo)致食道癌，因為主語熱飲

“drink”和動詞"swallow”吞咽之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用swallowed

■4.where

考查主從復(fù)合句，(考查從句引導(dǎo)詞，比如：which,that...)

解析：本題考查限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是。therstudies,定語從句中缺少表示地點

的狀語，所以用where。意思是研究人員也檢查了茶和咖啡通常在70攝氏度以上飲用的研

究。

■5.havelinked

考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：根據(jù)這句話的意思，在發(fā)達(dá)國家，健康專家在許多研究中已經(jīng)表明食道癌和抽煙喝酒

有關(guān)。所以用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示從過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在的影響。

■6.morecommon

考查形容詞與副詞（比較級和最高級）

解析：承接上句，相比發(fā)達(dá)國家，然而，在一些人們經(jīng)常飲用高溫飲品的地區(qū)，食道癌更為

常見。所以用比較級。

■7.However

考查連詞（并列連詞，考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系）

解析：前一句說在美國和歐洲，人們主要喝60度左右的飲品，但是在伊朗和南美人們喜歡

喝七十度以上的飲品。用However表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

■8.steeping

考查非謂語動詞中的動詞-ing形式

解析：巴拉圭茶是一種像茶的釀造酒，通過將巴拉圭樹的葉子浸泡在接近沸騰的水中，介詞

by后面跟動詞?ing形式，所以用steeping

■9.into

考查介詞

解析：該句的意思是南美人將滾燙的水從金屬的茶壺里直接倒入喉嚨里喝，考查"sendinto”

倒入

■10.ratherthan/insteadof

考查介詞

解析：根據(jù)本句的意思ChristopherWild認(rèn)為可能是熱飲的溫度而不是熱飲本身導(dǎo)致了食道

癌，所以填介詞ratherthan/insteadof。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)267限時10分鐘

McDonald'sSzechuanSauceWillReturnThisWinter

LateSunday,McDonald'sreleasedastatementpromisingtobringbackthelimited-editionsauce

againatadatetobedetermined."Yesterday,weweretrulysurprisedatthe(1)(amaze)

curiosityandpassionthatthecommunityshowedtowelcomebackSzechuanSauce,[2)

(此題兩空)itwasjustforoneday.”thecompanysaidinastatement.44Andoursuper-limited

batch(批次)，thoughwell-intentioned,clearlywasfarfromenough(3)(meet)

customers9demands."(4)(announce)thatitwasgoingto“makethisright”,

McDonald'spromisedthatthisdippingsaucewouldreturninagreatquantityinthenearfuture.

“We'rebringingmore,alotmore,⑸(此題兩空)SzechuanSauce(四川辣醬)willbe

availabletoanyfanatanearbyMcDonald,s,^^thecompanysaid.McDonald^Szechuansauce,

(6)wasalimitededitioncondimenttiedtothereleaseofDisney'sfamouscartoonMulanin

1998,hasseenitsprofilerisethankstoRick&Morty,acartoonsci-fisitcoms(情景劇)madeby

TheAdultSwimseries[7]themaincharactercomplaintabouttheunavailabilityof

SzechuanSauce.Thatled[8]McDonald'slaterpromisetobringbackthisweekend.

Theonlyproblemwas（9）demandexceeded（超過）supply,whichmademanyRick&

Mortyfansangry."personallythoughtitwasasaucethatwastryingtoohardinaworldwherewith

McNuggetssauceyoujustwantsomethingtotastelikehoneyorlikeaBBQsauce,“co-creatorDan

Hannontoldaboutthesauce.uItwas（10）saucethatwastryingtoproveitwasdifferent

andittastedmuchbetterthananordinarysauceshouldbe.”

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.amazing

考查非謂語動詞-ing形式

解析：本題填寫現(xiàn)在分詞amazing（令人驚訝的），修飾curiosityandpassion（好奇心與熱情）。

■2.evenif/eventhough

考查連接詞詞組

解析：首先，根據(jù)“后文是一句完整的句子itwasjustforoneday”可知，此處需填入連詞。又

根據(jù)句意“即使它（四川辣醬）只發(fā)售一天，社區(qū)對歡迎四川辣醬回歸的好奇心與熱情讓人感

到驚訝”，可判斷，此處應(yīng)填evenif或eventhough

■3.tomeet

考查動詞不定式

解析：本題考查beenoughtodo結(jié)構(gòu)，故填tomeet。整個句群...wasfarfromenoughtomeet

customers9demands的句意為“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠滿足顧客的需求

■4.Announcing

考查非謂語動詞?ing形式

解析：句子的主干部分為McDonald'spromisedthat…，promised是全句的謂語，故橫線處

的announce應(yīng)使用非謂語形式。此處句意為“麥當(dāng)勞宣布它將讓一切好起來”，是主動的，

故填A(yù)nnouncingo

■5.sothat

考查連接詞詞組

解析：首先，根據(jù)“后文是一句完整的句子SzechuanSaucewillbeavailabletoanyfanatanearby

McDonakTs”可知，此處需填入連詞。再根據(jù)前文We，rebringingmore,alolmore（我們正在生

產(chǎn)更多辣醬）可知，此處所填連詞"表結(jié)果'’（生產(chǎn)更多辣醬,以至于人人都能吃到了），故填so

thato

■6.which

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句。所填詞修飾先行詞Szechuansauce,在從句中充當(dāng)主語，應(yīng)選用

關(guān)系代詞。又因為橫線前有逗號（非限定性定語從句），故只能填which,不能填that。

■7.where

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題考查定語從句中的先行詞。所填詞修飾先行詞series（連續(xù)?。?，在從句中充當(dāng)狀

語（intheseriesthemaincharactercomplaintabout...）,故填寫關(guān)系副詞where（相當(dāng)于in

which）

■8.to

考查介詞

解析：本題考查固定搭配leadto（led是lead的過去式形式），意為“導(dǎo)致”

■9.that

考查主從復(fù)合句

解析：本題為“表語從句填寫ihal在句中補充當(dāng)任何成份，起到連接主從句的作用。上下

文句意為“唯一的問題是，供大于求”。

■10.a

考查冠詞

解析：前文己經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過一次itwasasaucethatwastrying…，形成重要提示。故此處也填寫

a,與之形成對稱。

體裁說明文詞數(shù)553限時8分鐘

OverweightAsian-AmericansSeenMoreAmerican

WhatdoesanAmericanlooklike?Nearly1,300Americans,mostlycollegestudents,wereasked

thatquestionforarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Theywereshownpicturesofpeopleand

askedbyUniversityofWashingtonresearcherswholookedAmericantothem.(1)Over-

weightAsian-AmericansweremorelikelytobeseenasAmericansthannormalweightAsian-

Americans,theresearcherssaid.Researcherswhoworkedonthestudybelievethisallfitsinto

commonstereotypes.[2]AndonecommonstereotypeisthatAsiansarethinand

mostAmericansareheavy,theresearcherssaid.SapnaCheryanisaco-authorofthestudy.Shealso

teachespsychologyattheUniversityofWashington.Shesaidthefindingsshowanunusualbenefit

foroverweightAsian-Americans.Shenotedthatoverweightpeopleoftenfacediscrimination.But

CheryansaidthatbeingoverweightmakesAsian-AmericansseenmoreAmerican.Thatmakesthem

lesslikelytofacediscriminationdirectedatthosebelievedtobeforeign,shesaid.Cheryansaidher

interestinethnicandracialstereotypesgoesbacktoheryouthinUrbana,Illinois.SheisIndian-

Americanandrememberspeoplewouldpraisehermotherbecauseshe"spokeEnglishsowell."It

wasasiftheydidnotexpectawomanwhoappearedtocomefromaforeigncountrytospeak

English,shesaid.Cheryanalsoremembersworryingwhenfriendswouldcomeovertoherhouse.

ShewasembarrassedthatherfamilyservedIndianfood.Thefoodseemed"different”comparedto

AmericanfavoritessuchaspizzaandDoritos.TheresearchonhowpeopleseeAsian-Americansis

afollow-upofher2011research.ItfoundAsian-Americanswerethreetimesaslikelytoorder

AmericanfoodafterbeingaskediftheyspokeEnglishthaniftheyhadnotbeenaskedthatquestion.

“(3)“Cheryansaid.ThisisnotalwaysagoodthingforAsian-Americans.Shenotes

thattraditionalAmericanfoodoftencontainsmorecaloriesandfatthanmanyAsiandishes.The

CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionestimatesthat34.5percentofwhiteAmericansare

consideredobese,orveryoverweight.ForAsian-Americans,thepercentageis11.7percent.For

African-Americans,thepercentageofobesityis48percentandforLatinoAmericans,the

percentageis42.5percent.ThenewUniversityofWashingtonstudyshowedpeoplephotosof

peoplefromdifferentracialandethnicgroupstoseeifweightinfluencedtheiropinions.Amongthe

questionsasked:"HowlikelyisthispersontohavebeenbornoutsidetheU.S?Another,nHowlikely

isitthatthisperson*snativelanguageisEnglish?nWeightdidmakeadifferenceinhowpeople

decidedwhetherAsian-AmericanswereAmericans.ThosequestionedbytheUniversityof

WashingtonresearchersalsolookedatpicturesofLatinos,whitesandAfrican-Americans.

(4)Thissupportedtheiropinionthatpeoplebelievedtobefromforeigncountrieswhere

peoplearebelievedtobemostlythinareconsideredmorelikelytobeAmericaniftheyare

overweight.TheresearchersnotedthatmanyAmericansbelieveLatinosareoverweight.Asaresult,

overweightLatinosarenotseenasmorelikelytobeAmericans—aswasthecasewithAsian-

Americans.

A.Astereotypeisabelief,oftenuntrue,thatmanyhaveaboutagroupofpeople

B.Thesuggestionisthatmaybepeopleavoidfoodsthatarestereotypicaloftheirethnicgroupso

thattheywouldfitinbetter

C.Theresearchersfoundthatweightdidnotinfluencewhethertheysawwhites,African-Americans

andLatinosasbeingAmericans

D.ThemostsurprisinganswerwashowpeoplesawAsian-Americans

E.MostAsian-Americansanswerthequestionwithouthesitation

F.Somestereotypesderivefromdiscriminationagainstcertaingroup

【參考答案與解題思路】

■I.D

考查前后段落之間關(guān)系，比如：作為過渡句

解析：第一段指出華盛頓大學(xué)的研究人員給被試人員展示照片并詢問哪個照片更像美國人，

第二段的第一句話是超重的亞裔美國人比正常體重的亞裔美國人看上去更像是美國人。因此

答案是D選項，令人吃驚的結(jié)果是人們?nèi)绾慰创齺喴崦绹?，作為過渡句，承上啟下。

■2.A

考查前后句子之間關(guān)系，比如：空格在一個段落中間

解析：前一句是研究者認(rèn)為這個結(jié)果符合常見的偏見現(xiàn)象，后一句是并且一種常見的偏見就

是亞洲人很瘦而大多數(shù)的美國人很胖。所以這兩個句子中間的句子應(yīng)該解釋什么是偏見，偏

見就是一種對一群人的觀念，而這種觀念經(jīng)常是錯誤的。

■3.B

考查前后句子之間關(guān)系，比如：空格在一個段落中間

解析：前一句是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)亞裔美國人點餐時，當(dāng)被問道是否會說英語時，會比不被問時，

點美國食物的概率多兩倍。這表明了他們可能為了更好地融入美國社會，刻意避免買他們民

族的食物。

■4.C

考查前后段落之間關(guān)系，比如：作為過渡句

解析：上一段說體重確實作為人們判斷亞裔美國人是否作為美國人的一個重要標(biāo)志，而研究

者發(fā)現(xiàn)體重并沒有影響他們判斷白人，非洲裔和拉丁裔是不是美國人。下一段說這也支持了

來自身材偏瘦國家的外國人，當(dāng)他們超重時會被認(rèn)為更像美國人的觀點。因此選擇C

體裁說明文詞數(shù)655限時10分鐘

RunninginColdWeatherImprovesPerformance

Coldweatherduringwintermonthsmaykeepmanypeoplefromleavinghomeandrunninginthe

openair.However,anewstudyshowsthatthedropintemperatureisagoodreasontorun.Infact,

researcherssay,runningincoldweatherhelpsimproveone'sperformance.Manypeoplesayrunning

inthewintercanbedifficult.Tworeasonsarethelowtemperaturesandbitterwinds.Yetmany

runnersmightfinditeasierthanrunninginhotweather.Thatcouldbe⑴lower

temperaturereducestressonthebody.Whenyourunincoldweather,yourheartrateandthebody's

dehydrationlevelsarelowerthaninwarmerconditions.Thebodyneedslesswateronacoldday

thaninwarmweather.ThisinformationcomesfromsportsscientistsatSt.Mary'sUniversityin

London.JohnBrewerisaprofessorof(2)(apply)sportscienceatSt.Mary's.For

thisstudy,heandotherresearchersputagroupofpeopleintoaroomtheycalledan"environmental

chamber."Theresearchersthenrecreatedsummerandwinterweatherconditionsintheroom.The

testsubjects⑶(ask)torun10,000metersunderbothconditions.Brewersaysheand

histeamrecordedbiologicalmeasurementsoftherunners.''We'vegotagroupofsubjectsintothe

environmentalchamber,we'vechangedtheconditions[4)(replicate)thesummeror

winterandwe'vegotthemtoruna10kunderbothofthoseconditionsandtakenvarious

measurementsoneachrunnerwhilstthey*vebeencompletingtheir10k.HBrewersaysevery

movementrunnersmakeproducesheat.Heexplainsthatonewayinwhichweloseheatisby

sweating.''Thatheatbuildsupinthebodyandcanbereallydamagingi5]youcanlose

thatheat.Oneofthemechanismsbywhichweloseheatisthroughsweating,butwealsoloseheat

bytransportingthebloodtothesurfaceoftheskin[6)itcanloseheatoutintothe

externalenvironment.Now,thatputsmorestrainontheheart,particularlyinhotconditionsbecause

it'smuchhardertoloseheatwhentheexternalenvironmentiswarmaswell."Andthatincreased

strain,addsBrewer,canbeconsiderable.Runninginhighertemperaturesresultsinfasterheart

rates."Wefound,forexample,thatheartrateswereabout6percenthigherinthehotterconditions.

Wefoundthattherunnersdehydratedbyaround30,38percentmorein[7)hotter

conditions.Andtheyfounditabout30percenteasier—thetestoftheirthermalregulation,howthey

felt,(and)theirperceptionofheat—wasaroundathirdlowerwhentheywererunningincold

conditions."Thebodydoesnothavetoworkashardtopumpbloodtotheskin'ssurface.Brewer

saysthatmeansrunningincoolertemperaturesrequireslessenergy.Headdsthatseriousrunners

couldcutvaluableseconds(8)theirpersonalbesttimesbychoosingtoruninthe

winter."Ifyoulookattop-levelspoils,ifyoulookatthelikesofMoFarahrunninglOKsand

winningworldandOlympicchampionships;thedifferencebetweensuccessandfailureisseconds,

andit'scertainlynotminutes.Wecanbeveryconfidentthatincoolerconditionsyoucancertainly

sliceadecentpercentageoftimeoffyourpersonalbest."Severalwebsitesnotethat(9)

(important)thingforpeoplewhorunincoldconditionsistoweartherightclothing.Keepingasdry

aspossibleisthekeyissuewhenexercisinginlowtemperatures.Wearmittensonyourhands

(10)(止匕題2空)gloves.Wearshoesthatwillkeepyoufromfalling.Andespecially,wearmorethan

onelayerofclothingtokeepsweatawayfromyourskin.So,ifyouarearunner,don'tletwinter

weatherkeepyouindoors.Simplygetreadyforthelowtemperaturesandstartrunning.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.because

本題考查連詞

解析：上一句提到“許多人覺得在天冷的時候跑步比天熱的時候更容易”，本句的下半句說“更

低的溫度可以減少身體的壓力”，其實是在解釋上一句的原因。所以用because表示原因。

■2.applied

本題考查非謂語

解析：apply的過去分詞applied可以用作形容詞，意為“應(yīng)用的"。appliedsportscience是一

門學(xué)科，意為“應(yīng)用運動科學(xué)

■3.wereasked

本題考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：本句意為“測試對象對要求在兩種天氣條件下跑10000米“。動作發(fā)生在過去，所以用

過去時。主語testsubject是被要求去跑的，所以用被動態(tài)。所以此處填wereasked。

■4.toreplicate

本題考查非謂語動詞

解析：replicate意為“復(fù)制”?！把芯空吒淖儦夂驐l件的目的是為了模擬夏天和冬天”，動詞的

不定式可以用來表示目的，所以用toreplicate。

■5.unless

本題考查連詞

解析：unless意為“除非”。本句意為“儲存在身體內(nèi)過多的熱量是有害的，除非你能散去它

們”。

■6.where

本題考查主從復(fù)合句

解析:此處where是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，并且在從句中作地點狀語,先行詞是thesurface

oftheskin。

■7.those

本題考查代詞

解析：that/those可以作指示代詞，指代前文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的內(nèi)容。前文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過hot

conditions,而且又是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用those?

■8.off

本題考查介詞

解析：cut…off…表示“從什么中切掉什么”。此處意為“從自己最寶貴的時間的時間里抽出-

些”。

■9.themostimportant

本題考查形容詞

解析：根據(jù)文意，此處表達(dá)的是最高級的意思，所以用most的最高級。

■10.insteadof

本題考查連接詞詞組

解析：mittens指連指手套，而gloves指一般的手套。此處是說“在冷天跑步的時候，建議戴

連指手套而不是普通手套工

體裁說明文詞數(shù)503限時10分鐘

Fruits,VegetablesCanLowerBloodPressure

Wemaynotneedanotherstudytellingusthatfruitsandvegetablesaregoodforourbodies.But

researchandstudiescanhelpustounderstandhowfoodsaffectourbodiesingoodwaysand

bad.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia'sKeckSchoolhavefound(1)

greatreasontoeatmorefruitsandvegetables.Theysaythatpotassium-richfoodslikesweet

potatoes,avocados,spinachandbananascouldhelptoloweryourbloodpressure.Highblood

pressure,_________(2)_____hypertension,isaninternationalproblem.ExpertsattheWorldHealth

Organizationsaymorethanonebillionpeoplesufferfromhighbloodpressure.Theconditioncauses

51percentofdeaths(3)strokeand45percentofdeathsduetoheartdisease.Health

officialsintheU.S.sayheartdiseaseandstroketogetherkillmoreAmericanseachyearthanany

othercause.Yearsofresearch[4](link)sodium,orsalt,intaketoincreasedblood

pressure.So,officialsadvisepeopletousesaltinmoderation.ExpertsattheUnitedStatesCenters

forDiseaseControlandPreventionsayAmericansgetmostoftheirsodium-about75%—from

processedfoodsandeatingatrestaurants.Thisisagoodreasontoeatfreshfood(5)

(prepare)athome.AliciaMcDonoughisaprofessorofcellandneurobiologyattheKeckSchoolof

Medicine.Sheledthisrecentstudy.McDonoughsaysthateatinglesssodiumisawell-knownway

tolowerbloodpressure.Butshealsosaysevidencesuggeststhateatingmorepotassiummayhave

anequallyimportanteffectonhypertension.Forherresearch,sheexaminedstudiesthatlookedat

thelinkbetweenpotassiumandsodium.McDonoughfoundthatpeoplewhoatemorepotassium

generallyhadlowerbloodpressureunconnectedtohowmuchsodiumtheyate.Herresearch

suggeststhatthebodydoescreatesabalance,usingsodiumtocontrolpotassiumlevelsintheblood.

“Whendietarypotassiumishigh,"shesays,"kidneysexcretemoresaltandwater,(6)

increasespotassiumexcretion.'1Thisprocesscleansthekidneys.Sheexplainsthatashumans

evolved,theyateadietrichinpotassium,butlowinsodium.Thishasleadustocravesodium,not

potassium.'*______(7)_____youeatatypicalWestemdiet,"shesays,nyoursodiumintakeishigh

andyourpotassiumintakeislow."Sheaddsthatthisgreatly''increasesyourchancesof(8)

(develop)highbloodpressure."McDonoughpublishedherstudyintheApril2017issueof

theAmericanJournalofPhysiology-EndocrinologyandMetabolism.HealthexpertsattheCDCagree

that"eatingenoughpotassiumeachdaycanhelpbalanceoutsomeoftheharmfuleffectsthathigh

sodiumintakecanhaveonbloodpressure."[9]theyalsosaythateatinglesssodium

isimportantaswell.Onitswebsite,theCDCliststhesefruitsandvegetables--andotherfoods—

asbeinggoodsourcesofpotassium.Buthowmuchpotassiumshouldweeateachday?A2004

studybytheInstituteofMedicineshowsadults(10)eatabout4.7gramsof

potassiumadaytolowerbloodpressure.McDonoughsayseatingabout60gramsofbeanswould

provide50percentofthat.

【參考答案與解題思路】

■1.another

考查形容詞

解析：原文第一段說我們不需要另外的研究告知我們水果和蔬菜對我們的身體有益，但是研

究可以幫助我們理解水果和蔬菜是如何對我們的身體產(chǎn)生好處和壞處的。接下來第二段說一

項新的研窕就給了我們多吃水果蔬菜的另一個重要原因是可以降血壓。故在名詞reason前

填形容詞anothero

■2.or

考查連詞(并列連詞，考查上下文邏輯關(guān)系)

解析：高血壓，或者專業(yè)名稱叫做hypertension,是一個世界范圍內(nèi)的大問題。所以填連詞

or,表示選擇關(guān)系。

■3.from

考查介詞

解析:前一句提到世界健康組織統(tǒng)計每年超過10億人死于高血壓,接著說高血壓造成了51%

的人死于中風(fēng)，45%的人死于心臟疾病。表示表示死的原因,die后既可接介詞of,也可接

from,兩者的區(qū)別是：若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般

用介詞of.如：dieofillness(hearttrouble,cancer,afever,etc)；若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上,

而是由環(huán)境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介詞from.如：diefroman

earthquake(atrafficaccident,alightning,astroke,etc)

■4.havelinked

考查動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)

解析：根據(jù)這句話的意思，多年的研究已經(jīng)將鈉，或者是鹽的攝入量和高血壓聯(lián)系在一起，

所以用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示從過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，對現(xiàn)在的影響。

■5.