河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河北省保定市部分高中2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.WhokeepsHarryPotteratpresent?A.Theman. B.John. C.Mary.【答案】C【原文】W:Ifyoudonotmind,mayIborrowyourbookHarryPotterafteryouaredonewithit?M:JohnwillborrowitafterIgetitbackfromMary.YouarewelcometohaveitonceJohnisfinished.Johnisafastreader.Hewillfinishitinnotime.2.Howwillthemancelebratehisbirthday?A.Bygoingonapicnic.B.Bywatchingafootballmatch.C.Byinvitinghisworkmatesover.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatareyougoingtodoforyourbirthday?M:Iamgoingtohaveapicnicinthepark.Iwanttoinviteallmyclassmatesfromcollegeandmyfootballteammembers.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Lifestyles. B.Anactor. C.Amovie.【答案】B【原文】M:TomCruiseplaystheroleofasuccessfulNewYorklawyerwholearnsthatlifeisnotassimpleashethoughtinthemovie.W:Absolutelyright.M:Ireallylikehim.Heissohandsome.4.WhatwillJanedo?A.Finishherhomework. B.Gotoaconcert. C.Joinaband.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyJane.Thereisamusicalconcertinthepark.Doyouwanttoseethebandplay?W:Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanjoinyou.5.Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttherestaurant?A.Itisverypopular.B.Itiseasytobookatable.C.Itonlyacceptsreservations.【答案】A【原文】W:Whereareyoutakingyourwifeforyourweddinganniversary?M:IthoughtI’dtakehertotheFrenchrestaurantdowntown.Wehaven’tbeenthereyet.W:Besuretomakereservations.Theyarealwaysfullybookedsincetheyopened.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Howlongdidthefestivallast?A.15days. B.9days. C.8days.7.WhatdidSusandoduringthefestival?A.Shesawfilmsfromdifferentcountries.B.Shedidsomevolunteerworkattheaters.C.Sheparticipatedinthefilmingofamovie.【答案】6.C7.A【原文】M:Susan,didyougotothe2023BeijingInternationalFilmFestival?W:Yes.ThefestivalbeganonApril22ndanddidn’tenduntilApril29th.Iwasinthecityallthetime.M:Howmanyfilmscompetedforthisyear’sTiantanAward?W:15.Theywereselectedfromrecord-breaking1,488filmsfrom93countriesandregionsthathadappliedforthecompetition.M:Didyouwatchmanyfilmsonthosedays?W:Yes.Duringthefestival,over160internationalfilmsofdiversethemeswerescreenedin27theatersinthecity.Iwatchedtwofilmsonaveragedaily.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whatisthemandoing?A.Preparingforaconference.B.Workingoutaschedule.C.Sharingamarketingplan.9.Whendoesthemanplantogoonholiday?A.Insummer. B.Inautumn. C.Inwinter.【答案】8.B9.A【原文】M:Areyoutakinganyvacationtimeinthenextfewmonths?W:I’mnotsure.Whydoyouask?M:I’mtryingtocreateascheduleofvacations,sowecanplanbetter.W:Well,IwasthinkingofgoingawayinOctober,butIdon’thaveanyplansyet.M:It’sonlyJanuarynow,soIguesswedon’thavetoworryaboutthat.W:Ican’tgobeforethen.IhavetowaittillthemarketingconferenceisoverinSeptember.M:AndIhavetogoinJulyorAugustwhenmykidsareoutofschool.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.WhatisJack’sattitudetowardwriting?A.Enjoyable. B.Serious. C.Casual.11.WhendidJackusetobeginwritingasateacher?A.Inthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.12.WhatdoesJackusuallydofromMondaytoSaturday?A.Hegoesswimming. B.Hegoesforawalk. C.Hegoesrunning.13.WheredoesJackusuallywrite?A.Inhisoffice. B.Inthebedroom. C.Inthesittingroom.【答案】10.B11.C12.C13.A【原文】W:Today,writerJackSpearsisgoingtosharehiswritingwithus.Jack,somepeoplethinkthatwriterswritewhentheyfeellikewritingandthatitismorelikeahobbythanajob.Doyouagree?M:Ofcoursenot.Althoughit’sonlyrecentlythatwritinghasbecomemyonlyjob,I’veneverseenitasahobby.EvenwhenIwasachild,Itookmystoriesveryseriously.WhenIwasateacher,Iusedtostartwritingatabout9o’clockintheevening,andgoonuntilabouttwointhemorning.W:Andwhataboutnow?M:Igetupatseveninthemorningsixdaysaweekandgofora30-minuterun.OnSundaysIgoswimming.Alwayssittingatacomputerissounhealthy.Ithinkallwritersshouldatleastgoforawalkduringtheirworkingday.W:Wheredoyouwrite?M:Ihavemyownoffice,butsometimesIwriteinthebedroom,inthesittingroom,anywhereinthehouseifIwantto,evenonthekitchentable.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Schoolmates.15.Whatproblemisthemanfacingnow?A.Howtochoosehismajor.B.Howtolookforajob.C.Howtoapplytoacollege.16.Whatdoesthemanwanttobe?A.Abiologist. B.AnITengineer. C.Adoctor.17.WhatdoesAlicesuggestthemando?A.Giveuphisidea.B.Attendsomelectures.C.Haveatalkwithhisfather.【答案】14.C15.A16.B17.C【原文】M:Hi,Alice.Howareyoutoday?W:Iamquitefine.Ijustfinishedmymathclass.Whataboutyou?Youlooksoupsettoday.M:Yeah,Iamalittlebitconfusedaboutmyfuture.Ican’tdecidewhichmajortochoose.W:Oh,Isee.Whatdoyouthinkisbestforyou?M:Myfatherisadoctorandhewantsmetobecomeadoctor.Hehasadvisedmetostudybiologyincollege.Ihaveattendedafewlecturesofbiology,butIdon’tthinkIlikeit.W:Soyouareinterestedinmath,aren’tyou?M:No,notreally.IaminterestedinITandcomputer.YouknowIlovetobeamongtechnologicalproducts.IhaveagoodknowledgeoftheInternet.W:Haveyoutalkedtoyourfatheraboutit?M:No,notyet.Actually,Iamafraidoftalkingtomyfatheraboutit.W:Look,thisisthematterofyourfuture.Justtrytoconvincehimtoacceptyourpointofview.M:Thankyouforyouradvice.Oh,myclassisabouttostartin5minutes.Seeyou.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.Whichfieldisvirtualrealitywidelyusedin?A.Education. B.Entertainment. C.Healthcare.19.WhatareXingeYuandhiscolleaguestryingtodo?A.ImprovethetouchofVR.B.Makehearingadvanced.C.BringsmellintoVR.20.Wherecanpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedesign?A.Inajournal. B.Inamovie. C.OnaTVshow.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【原文】W:Virtualrealityisalreadywidespreadinentertainmentandisstartingtospreadtofieldsrangingfromeducationtohealthcare.Butwhilevisionandhearingareextremelyadvanced,andtouchisimproving,onekeysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtualworld:smell.Thatmaybeabouttochange.EngineerXingeYuoftheCityUniversityofHongKongandhiscolleagueshavedevelopedalight,flexibleandwirelessdevicethatcanpreciselydeliversmellssuchaspineappleorgreentea.VRuserscanfullyimmerseinafragrantvirtualworld.“BringingsmellintoVRexpandsitintoanotherdimension,”Yusays.Theteam’sdesignwasdescribedinapaper.ItwaspublishedinajournalcalledNatureCommunications.Akeyadvantageofthisdesignisthatitcancontrolsmellintensity.Onedemonstrationinthestudywaswhenawomaninafour-dimensionalmoviebroughtaroseuptohernose,theintensityofthesmellincreased.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThreeMostBeautifulDesertsintheWorldDesertsaremysteriouslandscapesthatcovernearlyone-thirdofEarth’ssurface.Thesearesomeoftheworld’smostbeautifuldesertsthatyoucanseewhiletraveling.SalardeUyuni,BoliviaSalardeUyuniistheworld’slargestsaltdesertandatrulymysticalplacetovisit.Tensofthousandsofyearsago,thisregionwaspartofaprehistoriclake.However,theselakesdriedupandleftbehindtwonewsmallerlakesandtheseexpansivesaltflats.Anestimated10billiontonsofsaltcanbefoundinthisdesert.PaintedDesert,Arizona,USAThePaintedDesertofArizonagotitsnamefromthevibrantred,orange,blue,andpurplecolorspaintedacrossthelandscape.Lessthan10inchesofrainfallhereeachyear,andthecolorswerecreatedbymineralsintheclayandsandstonerock.Therearelotsofgreattrailstohikethroughthisdesert,especiallyatsunsetwhenthecolorsareondisplay.PinnaclesDesert,AustraliaYou’llneedtoheadtotheNambungNationalParkinWesternAustraliatoexperiencethePinnaclesDesertforyourself.Thisdesertgetsitsnamefromthebeautifulspires(尖頂)madeofrockthatrisefromthesanddunes(沙丘).Therockformationsherehavebeenweatheredsomuchovertimetoundeniablystandoutamongthegentleyellowsanddunes.SharethisstoryShareonFacebookShareonTwitterShareonPinterest21.Whatdothefirsttwodesertshaveincommon?A.Richminerals. B.Diversecolors.C.Expansiveflats. D.Countlesstrails.22.WhydoesPinnaclesDesertgetitsname?A.Foritssanddunes. B.Foritsspecialshape.C.Foritslonghistory. D.Foritsunusualweather.23.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure. B.Ageographytextbook.C.Afashionmagazine. D.Atripdiscoveryplatform.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上最美麗的三個(gè)沙漠。【21題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“However,theselakesdriedupandleftbehindtwonewsmallerlakesandtheseexpansivesaltflats.Anestimated10billiontonsofsaltcanbefoundinthisdesert.(然而，這些湖泊干涸了，留下了兩個(gè)新的較小的湖泊和這些廣闊的鹽灘。據(jù)估計(jì)，在這片沙漠中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)100億噸鹽)”及第三段“Lessthan10inchesofrainfallhereeachyear,andthecolorswerecreatedbymineralsintheclayandsandstonerock.(這里每年的降雨量不到10英寸，這些顏色是由粘土和砂巖中的礦物質(zhì)形成的)”可知，這兩個(gè)沙漠的礦物質(zhì)都很豐富，其中鹽是礦物質(zhì)的一種。故選A?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thisdesertgetsitsnamefromthebeautifulspires(尖頂)madeofrockthatrisefromthesanddunes(沙丘).(這個(gè)沙漠的名字來源于沙丘上美麗的尖塔)”可知，PinnaclesDesert因其特殊的形狀而得名。故選B?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ShareonFacebookShareonTwitterShareonPinterest(點(diǎn)擊以下選項(xiàng)以便在Facebook,Twitter,Pinterest上分享)”可知，文章末尾提供了三個(gè)分享點(diǎn)擊選項(xiàng)，鼓勵看到這篇文章的人在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行分享。由此推知，本文最有可能摘自網(wǎng)站，即旅行發(fā)現(xiàn)平臺。故選D。BThispastyearI’vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfather-in-lawat91,afterhislengthybattlewithParkinson’sdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayattheageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD(慢阻肺).ThereweremomentswhenIwantedtothankthemforallthey’ddonefortheirlovedones,aswellashumanityatlarge,buttherewerealsotimesduringtheirmorelucidmomentswhenIlongedtohavethemanswersomedeepphilosophicalquestions.Theybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,theywouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.Infact,Thomtoldmeafewweeksbeforehispassingthathedidn’thavemuchtimeleft.WhileIknewhewasstrugglingwithhisbreathing,Iwasindenial.Itoldhimthathe’dsurvivedtheVietnamWarandanumberofhealthchallenges,andwouldsurvivethissetbackaswell.Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningtotalktohimasifheweredying.Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,andcarefully“l(fā)istentothemessages”thedyingareconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,ImighthavehadafinalconfirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeofindividualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingisthefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,andforthatIamgrateful.24.Whatdotheauthor’stwolovedoneshaveincommon?A.Theyweretheauthor’sfamilymembers.B.Theysufferedfromlong-termillnesses.C.Theylosttheirlivesinthesameyear.D.Theywereextremelyafraidofdeath.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph2?A.Abletothinkclearly. B.Eagertowalkaround.C.Willingtohelpothers. D.Bravetofacethefuture.26.WhydidThomtelltheauthorhewasdying?A.Hecouldnolongeraccompanytheauthor.B.Hedesiredtomakehisbreathingsmooth.C.Hewasingreatneedoftheauthor’scare.D.Hewantedtohaveachatwiththeauthor.27.Whatdiddeathteachtheauthoraboutliving?A.Deathisatimeforloveandforgiveness.B.Thosewhoaredyingareeagertoshare.C.Hearingisthefinalsensetodisappear.D.Itisvitaltosaywhatcomesnaturally.【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者從岳父、朋友的離世明白了一個(gè)人生道理。即要關(guān)注他們生前想要傳遞的信息，要及時(shí)表達(dá)自己對他們的感激和愛。【24題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThispastyearI’vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfather-in-lawat91,afterhislengthybattlewithParkinson’sdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayattheageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD(慢阻肺).(在過去的一年里，我一直陪伴著兩位逝去的親人。第一次離世是去年9月，我深愛的岳父在與帕金森氏癥長期斗爭后去世，享年91歲。最近，我親愛的朋友ThomasSteinbeck在與慢性阻塞性肺病長期斗爭后去世，享年72歲。)”可知，這兩位逝去的親朋摯友的共同之處是兩者都患有長期疾病。故選B?！?5題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞的下文“whenIlongedtohavethemanswersomedeepphilosophicalquestions.Theybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,theywouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.(這時(shí)我渴望他們回答一些深刻的哲學(xué)問題。他們都知道自己快死了，由于他們的慷慨，他們會告訴我任何我想知道的事情。)”可知，此處when引導(dǎo)的從句內(nèi)容在補(bǔ)充說明themoments，即我希望在他們思維清醒的時(shí)刻向他們提問一些深刻的哲學(xué)問題，并渴望他們回答。由此可以推斷劃線單詞lucid的含義是“思維清醒，思路清晰”。故選A?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningtotalktohimasifheweredying.(現(xiàn)在回想起來，我覺得他是在給我一個(gè)機(jī)會，讓我把他當(dāng)垂死的人一樣跟他說話。)”可知，Thom在臨終前告訴作者他即將離世，是想跟作者聊聊天，說說話。故選D?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,andcarefully“l(fā)istentothemessages”thedyingareconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,ImighthavehadafinalconfirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeofindividualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingisthefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,andforthatIamgrateful.(這兩位親人的離世教會了我很多。它教會了我在未來要更加專注，并仔細(xì)地“傾聽”臨終者傳遞給我的信息。如果我這樣做了，我可能會最終確認(rèn)我對這些人意味著什么，盡管在某些方面我已經(jīng)知道了，因?yàn)樗麄兪悄欠N對自己的信仰總是開放和坦率的人。我知道聽力是最后失去的感官，但我確實(shí)抓住機(jī)會告訴他們，他們對我有多重要，我有多愛他們，為此我很感激。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為，如果自己認(rèn)真聽了臨終之人傳遞的信號，最終自己就能夠確認(rèn)自己對他們而言意味著什么。最終，作者也的確抓住機(jī)會告訴了他們：他們對自己而言很重要，自己也很愛他們。由此可見，這些都是作者在面對兩人即將離世之時(shí)想說的，因此推斷，說出那些自然而然就出現(xiàn)在腦海中的話是很重要的，不要在臨終時(shí)留下遺憾。故選D。CWendySuzuki,aProfessorofNeuralScienceandPsychologyintheCenterforNeuralScienceatNewYorkUniversity,oncesaidinaTEDtalkinreferencetoexercisethat“Simplymovingyourbodyhasimmediate,long-lastingandprotectivebenefitsforyourbrain”.Whenyousimplylookatthecorrelationbetweenpeoplethatexerciseandhappiness,it’shardtosaywhetherexercisemakesonehappyorwhetherhappypeopletendtoexercisemore.OnestudyofStanfordUniversitystudent-athletesactuallyfoundthathappinessforthisgroupwasmorearesultoftheirpersonalitythanitwasofathleticskills.However,theUniversityofVermontfoundthatjust20minutesofexercisecanboostsomeone’smoodforupto12hours.Sonexttimeyou’refeelingdown,gofora20-minuterunorgymsessionandreaptherewardsforthenext11hours.Exercisedoesalotofthingstothebrain.You’veprobablyheardofendorphins,right?Thesearehormones(激素)thatareproducedbythecentralnervoussystemandthepituitaryglandwithinthebrain.Theirmainjobistostopthetransmissionofpainsignals,buttheyalsoproduceafeelingoreuphoria.Thisiswhatmakesyoufeelhappierinstantly,andtheeffectswilllastagoodamountoftime.Endorphinsaretheonly“feel-good”chemicalsreleasedthroughexercisingthough.Yourbodywillalsoproduceserotonin,norepinephrine,BDNFanddopamine,therewardchemical.Thecombinationofthesefivechemicalswillboostyourmood,andhavebeenprovedtohelptorelievebothanxietyanddepression.Exercisedoesn’tjustproducemorehormonesthough,itactuallyhelpstoreducethelevelsofcortisolandadrenalineinthebody.Bothofthesechemicalsinhighlevelscancausestress.Sosimplybyreducingthese,you’llbeabletoreducethestressyourbrainfeels.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatreducingnegativechemicalsandincreasingpositivechemicalsresultinahugeshifttowardsfeelinghappier.28.Whatdothetwofindingsinparagraph2haveincommon?A.Theyrevealapositivepersonalityisimportant.B.Theytendtolinkhappinesswithathleticskills.C.Theyshowwhatmakesagoodmoodpossible.D.Theyproveoptimisticpeopleexercisemore.29.Howdoendorphinscheerpeopleup?A.Bystoppingpainsignalsfromproducing.B.Byproducingvariouspositivechemicals.C.Byregulatingtheactivityofbadfeelings.D.Byslowlyincreasingthehappinesslevel.30.Whichisimpliedaboutendorphinsaccordingtothepassage?A.TheycanworkandexistwithBDNF.B.Theyreducethequantitiesofcortisol.C.Theyarereleasedonlyduringexercise.D.Theycanabsorbotherpositivehormones.31.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatendorphinsaremadeupof?B.Howaworkoutmakesyoudelighted?C.Whyexercisehelpsprotectyourbrain?D.Whichchemicalspushyoutoexercise?【答案】28.C29.C30.A31.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了運(yùn)動如何讓人變得更快樂?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OnestudyofStanfordUniversitystudent-athletesactuallyfoundthathappinessforthisgroupwasmorearesultoftheirpersonalitythanitwasofathleticskills.However,TheUniversityofVermontfoundthatjust20minutesofexercisecanboostsomeone’smoodforupto12hours.Sonexttimeyou’refeelingdown,gofora20-minuterunorgymsessionandreaptherewardsforthenext11hours.(一項(xiàng)針對斯坦福大學(xué)（StanfordUniversity）學(xué)生運(yùn)動員的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這群人的快樂更多地是由他們的個(gè)性決定的，而不是運(yùn)動技能。然而，佛蒙特大學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，僅僅20分鐘的運(yùn)動就能讓人的情緒振奮長達(dá)12個(gè)小時(shí)。所以下次你情緒低落的時(shí)候，去跑個(gè)20分鐘或去健身房鍛煉一下，在接下來的11個(gè)小時(shí)里有所收獲)”可知，兩個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)的共同之處是，他們都展示了怎樣才能有一個(gè)好心情。故選C。【29題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Exercisedoesalotofthingstothebrain.You’veprobablyheardofendorphins,right?Thesearehormones(激素)thatareproducedbythecentralnervoussystemandthepituitaryglandwithinthebrain.Theirmainjobistostopthetransmissionofpainsignals,buttheyalsoproduceafeelingoreuphoria.Thisiswhatmakesyoufeelhappierinstantly,andtheeffectswilllastagoodamountoftime.(運(yùn)動對大腦有很多影響。你可能聽說過內(nèi)啡肽，對吧？這些激素是由中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和腦下垂體產(chǎn)生的。它們的主要作用是阻止疼痛信號的傳遞，但它們也會產(chǎn)生一種歡快感。這會讓你立刻感到快樂，而且效果會持續(xù)很長一段時(shí)間)”可知，內(nèi)啡肽可以阻止疼痛信號的傳遞，并產(chǎn)生一種歡快感，讓人感到快樂，由此可知內(nèi)啡肽可以調(diào)節(jié)不良情緒。故選C。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Endorphinsaretheonly“feel-good”chemicalsreleasedthroughexercisingthough.Yourbodywillalsoproduceserotonin,norepinephrine,BDNFanddopamine,therewardchemical.Thecombinationofthesefivechemicalswillboostyourmood,andhavebeenprovedtohelptorelievebothanxietyanddepression.(內(nèi)啡肽是唯一通過鍛煉釋放的“感覺良好”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。你的身體也會產(chǎn)生血清素、去甲腎上腺素、BDNF和多巴胺，這是一種獎勵化學(xué)物質(zhì)。這五種化學(xué)物質(zhì)的結(jié)合會改善你的情緒，并已被證明有助于緩解焦慮和抑郁)”可知，內(nèi)啡肽可以與BDNF一起工作和共存。故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第一段“WendySuzuki,aProfessorofNeuralScienceandPsychologyintheCenterforNeuralScienceatNewYorkUniversity,oncesaidinaTEDtalkinreferencetoexercisethat“Simplymovingyourbodyhasimmediate,long-lastingandprotectivebenefitsforyourbrain”.(紐約大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)中心的神經(jīng)科學(xué)和心理學(xué)教授WendySuzuki曾在TED演講中談到鍛煉時(shí)說：“簡單地運(yùn)動一下你的身體，對你的大腦有直接、持久和保護(hù)的好處?！?”可知，文章主要講述運(yùn)動如何讓人變得更快樂。因此B項(xiàng)“鍛煉如何讓你開心”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。DThedistinctionbetweenbiologicallyprimaryandbiologicallysecondaryknowledgedescribedbyGearyisaninstructionallyimportantcategorisationmethod.Biologicallyprimaryknowledgeisknowledgewe,asaspecies,havespecificallyevolvedtoacquireovergenerations.Primaryskills,suchaslearninggeneralproblemsolvingstrategies,recognisingfaces,communicationthroughlisteningandspeakinganativelanguage,andsocialrelationsincludingourabilitytocommunicatewitheachother,aremodular,witheachskilllikelytohaveevolvedduringdifferentevolutionaryperiods.Wecanacquireprimaryknowledge,easily,unconsciously,andwithoutconcreteinstructionmerelybymembershipinagroup.Theabilitytoacquirevastaspectsoftheculturewegrowupinisbiologicallyprimary.Nevertheless,inmostcultures,therearemanyconceptsandproceduresthatwehavenotspecificallyevolvedtoacquiresuchasreading,doingmathematics,workingwithacomputer,orsearchingtheinternet.Thosebiologicallysecondaryskillsareacquiredconsciously,oftenrequiringconsiderableeffort.Unlikeprimaryknowledgeandskills,obviousinstructionisimportantwhendealingwithsecondaryknowledgeandskills,orthisknowledgeacquisitionwillbeseverelycompromised.Unlikethegeneric-cognitive(通用認(rèn)知的)skillsthattendtobebiologicallyprimary,biologicallysecondaryskillstendtobefield-specific.Examplesofbiologicallysecondaryskillsincludealmosteverythingthatistaughtineducationandtraininginstitutions.Thedistinctionbetweenprimary,generic-cognitiveknowledgeandsecondary,field-specificknowledgeexplainswhyinformationtendstobeacquireddifferentlyoutsideasopposedtoinsideeducationalcontexts.Weuseprimaryknowledgetofacilitateacquiringsecondaryknowledge.Forexample,tolearngeometryinatraditionalclassorusingcomputer-supportedmaterialrequiresprimaryskillssuchasvisualrecognition,attention,andsensesaboutspace,timeandsequence,tonameafew.Inthisway,thetheoreticalmachineryofevolutionaryeducationalpsychologycanbeusedtosuggestthattheprimary,generic-cognitiveknowledgeassociatedwithcooperativelearningmay,undersomecircumstances,improvetheacquisitionofthebiologicallysecondary,field-specificknowledgethatistaught.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph2mean?A.Consistingofseparateparts. B.Lookinglikeapieceofcake.C.Witnessingconstantchanges. D.Servingaslong-termabilities.33.Whatisthefeatureofprimaryskills?A.Theyaimstosolverareproblems.B.Theyareacquiredwhenoneisborn.C.Theyrequirenoformalteaching.D.Theyaretheproductofobservation.34.Whichwritingwaydoesthetextskipwhenleadingsecondaryskills?A.Posingcontrasts. B.Quotingfigures.C.Givingdefinitions. D.Showingexamples.35.Howdoprimaryskillshelpsecondaryknowledgeacquisition?A.Byfindingtheirsimilarities.B.Bylayingasolidfoundation.C.Bybetteringlearners’focus.D.Byofferingafamiliarsetting.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是生物性初級知識與生物性次級知識的區(qū)別，以及這兩種知識在學(xué)習(xí)和教育中的重要性?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。由第二段的“Primaryskills,suchaslearninggeneralproblemsolvingstrategies,recognisingfaces,communicationthroughlisteningandspeakinganativelanguage,andsocialrelationsincludingourabilitytocommunicatewitheachother(基本技能，比如學(xué)習(xí)一般的解決問題的策略，識別面孔，通過聽和說母語進(jìn)行交流，以及社會關(guān)系，包括我們相互溝通的能力)”和“witheachskilllikelytohaveevolvedduringdifferentevolutionaryperiods(每種技能都可能在不同的進(jìn)化時(shí)期進(jìn)化而來)”可知，每個(gè)初級技能可能在不同的進(jìn)化時(shí)期進(jìn)化。這句話的重點(diǎn)在于different，也就是說每個(gè)初級技能有自己對應(yīng)要掌握的階段，這些不同的階段構(gòu)成了不同的部分或模塊，劃線詞modular的意思是“模塊化”，和consistingofseparateparts意思相近。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段的“Wecanacquireprimaryknowledge,easily,unconsciously,andwithoutconcreteinstructionmerelybymembershipinagroup.(我們可以很容易地、不自覺地獲得基本知識，而不需要具體的指導(dǎo)，僅僅是作為一個(gè)群體的成員。)”可知，我們可以很容易地、無意識地獲取初級知識，只加入一個(gè)群體即可，不需要具體的講授。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。由第一段“Biologicallyprimaryknowledgeisknowledgewe,asaspecies,havespecificallyevolvedtoacquireovergenerations.(生物學(xué)上的初級知識是我們作為一個(gè)物種，經(jīng)過幾代人的進(jìn)化而獲得的知識。)”可知，文中用了下定義的方法；由第三段“Nevertheless,inmostcultures,therearemanyconceptsandproceduresthatwehavenotspecificallyevolvedtoacquiresuchasreading,doingmathematics,workingwithacomputer,orsearchingtheinternet.(然而，在大多數(shù)文化中，有許多概念和程序不是我們特別進(jìn)化而獲得的，比如閱讀、做數(shù)學(xué)、使用電腦或搜索互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。)”可知，文中用了舉例子的方法；根據(jù)第三段“Unlikeprimaryknowledgeandskills(不像初級知識和技能)”可知，文中用了對比的方法。只有引用數(shù)據(jù)這種方法沒有被使用。故選B?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。由第四段的“Forexample,tolearngeometryinatraditionalclassorusingcomputer-supportedmaterialrequiresprimaryskillssuchasvisualrecognition,attention,andsensesaboutspace,timeandsequence,tonameafew.(例如，在傳統(tǒng)課堂上學(xué)習(xí)幾何或使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助材料需要一些基本技能，如視覺識別、注意力和對空間、時(shí)間和順序的感覺，等等。)”可知，學(xué)習(xí)幾何（也就是獲得次級知識）要求初級技能，比如說視覺識別、注意力、空間感、時(shí)間感、層次序列感。也就是說，初級技能的那些東西是在為學(xué)習(xí)次級知識打基礎(chǔ)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Itisnosecretthatsocialmediaisharmfultoeveryoneformanyreasons:fromgeneralinternetsafety,tocausinginsecuritiesorbecomingamajordistraction.____36____Socialmediacanhavealargeimpactonpeople’sperspectives,opinionsandthewaytheyviewtheworld—especiallyteenagers.Inrecentyears,socialmediacreatorshavedoneareallyeffectivejobofcreatingalgorithms(算法)thatcankeeptrackofwhatyouengagewith,andprovidemorecontentbasedonyourpreferencesandinterests.____37____Exposuretoonlyoneperspectiveinthelongruncanleadtowhatarecalledechochambers,orsituationsinwhichone’sbeliefsareconstantlysupportedbythepeoplearoundthem,ratherthanhearingotheropinions.____38____Byonlybeingexposedtopeoplewhoagreewithyou,youarepreventedfromconsideringotherperspectives,whichperpetuates(使持續(xù))close-mindedattitudes.Sincesocialmediausersareusedtoseeingcontenttheyagreewith,thefirstopinionthattheyseeonanewissueistheonetheyaremostlikelytoagreewith,despitenothearingopposingthoughts.____39____Recently,theterm“chronicallyonlinetakes”hasresurfacedonsocialmedia.Thisconceptreferstoopinionsthatonlyseemtoexistonline,andlackthesupportofrealworldexperience.____40____Infact,chronicallyonlinetakesareproblematicthemselves,successfullyweakeningactualissuesthatshouldbecalledout.A.Thisfailstoshowrespectforyourprivacy.B.Thisensuresthatyoucontinueusingsocialmedia.C.Usually,ittakestheformofcallingthingsproblematic.D.However,thenegativesofsocialmediagoevendeeperthanthat.E.Thekeyissueisthatpeoplearecontentwithbeingtoldwhattothink.F.Theproblemwithechochambersisthattheydiscouragecriticalthinking.G.Echochambersincreasesocialmediausers’impatienceandkillstheircreativity.【答案】36.D37.B38.F39.E40.C【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。講述了社交媒體妨礙批判性思維。【36題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Itisnosecretthatsocialmediaisharmfultoeveryoneformanyreasons:fromgeneralinternetsafety,tocausinginsecuritiesorbecomingamajordistraction.(眾所周知，社交媒體對每個(gè)人都有害，原因有很多：從一般的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全，到造成不安全感或成為主要的分心因素)”以及后文“Socialmediacanhavealargeimpactonpeople’sperspectives,opinionsandthewaytheyviewtheworld—espe