2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)北師版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)教學(xué)課件 UNIT 12 LESSON 1　

UNIT12INNOVATIONLESSON1

SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSSCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHSActivity1ACTIVATEANDSHAREWhatdoyouthinkarethemostimportantinventionsordiscoveriesofthe20thcentury?Canyounameafewinventors?Whatmakesthemgreat? premier

scientistpioneersofthe20thcenturytobecommitted

to

tobeinspiredbytobeproposedbytoimprovethequalityofhumanlife

ACTIVATEANDSHAREActivity2Readthetextaboutsomeofthepioneersinscienceduringthe20thcentury.Whatdiscoveriesarementioned?Whomadethem? Ifyouhadtochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury，youwouldhavearealproblemonyourhands.Injust100years，theworldhaschangedcompletely.Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine，communicationsandtransport，nottomention

ourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.Medicaladvancesrangedfrom

discoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopes

tostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonated

ones.Communicationschangedwiththeintroductionofmobilephones，andthewaywecorrespond

wentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstant

messages.Westartedflyingaroundtheworld，launching

satellites

intoorbit

and，atthesametime，scientistsfiguredout

howtosplit

theatom，previouslythoughttobethesmallestparticle

ofmatterintheuniverse.Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportantdiscovery，itispossibletosingleout

afewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Herearesomeofthem.Oneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswasAlbertEinstein.Inthesummerof1905，thisoutspoken

youngmanwasrockinghisone-year-oldbabywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.Subsequently,“E=mc2”wasborn.Itshowedhowasmallpieceofmasscouldproduceanunbelievableamountofenergy.Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime，massorlengthareconstant—theychangeaccordingtoourexperienceofthem. In1929，anotherimportantfinding

wasmadebybiologist

AlexanderFleming.Beforehewentonholiday，F(xiàn)lemingleftadishofbacteriainhislaboratory.Whenhecameback，henoticedsomethingstrange.Hedouble-checkedandsawabluemould

inthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin，whichFlemingperceived

couldbeusedtokillbacteria.Afewyearslater，penicillinwasbeingmass-producedandhelpingtosavethelivesofmillions.Flemingremainedhumble

abouttheamazingoutcome

ofhisdiscovery.“Naturemadepenicillin,”hesaid,Ijustfoundit.”DuringWorldWarⅡ，whenFleming’sdiscoverywasfirsthelpingtocurepeople，theUSNavy

waslookingforwaysofimprovingtheaccuracy

oftheirmissiles.ThenavyturnedtoEckert，anengineer，andMauchly，aphysicist，todealwiththeproblemandproduceamachinetodothejobinajoint

effort.Althoughtheyonlyfinishedafterthewarin1946，itdidnotmatter.Thishugemachinewastheworld’sfirstcomputer，butitwasnothinglikeourcomputerstoday.Itmeasured100feetlongbyover10feethighandweighedover30，000kilograms.With18，000tubes，thousandsofcircuits

and6，000switches，itusedsomuchenergythatwhenitwasturnedon，thelightsinthelocaltownwentout!Withthedevelopmentofcomputers，peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently.DuringtheColdWar，a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposed

bytwoAmericanscientists.Withcomputerstalkingtooneanother，itwouldenablegovernmentleaderstocommunicatewitheachother.Bytheendofthe1960s，somemini-networkswereestablished，butonlyafewcomputerscouldconnecttothem.In1990，TimBerners-LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb，whichenabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicatewitheachother.Nowadays，lifewithouttheInternetformostpeopleisunimaginable.Thesepioneersofthe20thcenturywerealldedicatedto

improvingthequalityofhumanlifeonEarth.Humanlifeonthisplanethasbeentransformedintoa“globalvillage”，withallthedifferentcountrieslinkedinthechainofcommoninterests.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Withoutthebreakthroughsofthesepioneersinscienceandtechnology，whetherluckyorplanned，theworldasweknowittodaywouldbea

completelydifferentplace. Matchthediscoveriesorinventions（1-4）withhowtheycameaboutActivity31

E=mc22

penicillin3

thefirstcomputer4

theInterneta

therewasaluckyaccidentb

scientistsworkedtogetherasateamc

differentscientistsworkedonitformanyyearsd

ascientistwasinspiredGroupWorkFindinformationabouthowthefollowingthingswereinvented/discovered.Organisetheinformationinyourownway.ThenActivity4Activity5WriteT（true），F(xiàn)（false）orNI（noinformation）inbrackets.（）1

Itisnoteasytochoosethesinglemostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury.（）2

Anatomisthesmallestparticleofmatter.（）3

Einsteinwasatworkwhenhethoughtoftheequation“E=mc2”.（）4

Einsteinparticipatedintheprogrammethatdevelopedthenuclearbomb.（）5

Einsteinobservedchangesintime，sizeandmass.（）6

Fleminghadbeenstudyingbacteriainhislaboratorywhenthediscoveryhappened.（）7

Flemingdevelopedtheprocessofmakingpenicillin.（）8

Thefirstcomputerprojectfailedtomeetitsoriginalgoal.（）9

Thefirstcomputerwasextremelydifficulttoprogramme.（）10

Computerscouldnotconnecttoeachotherbefore1990. T

F

F

NI

T

FNI

T

NI

F

Activity6GroupWorkThinkandshare.Whichdiscoveryorinventionmentionedinthetexthasbeenthemostimportantsofar?Why?2

Whichdiscoveryorinventionwillmostinfluencethefuture?Why?3

Howdidthewriterconnecttheparagraphs?Circlethesignalwordsorphrases. Line12：Although...Herearesomeofthem.Line15：Oneofthe20thcentury’spremierscientistswas...Line24：...anotherimportantfinding...Line34：...whenFleming’sdiscoverywas...Line49：Withthedevelopmentofcomputers...Line57：Thesepioneers... Activity7GroupWorkEachmemberwritesashortsummaryaboutoneofthediscoveriesorinventionsfromthefollowingaspects.Thensharewithothermembers.Thewholegroupworkstogethertoeditthesummariesbeforeputtingthemtogethertomakeaposter. Activity8Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsbelow. orbitmissileenablelaunchaccuracyscientificmicroscopeinventorbiologistIreallydon’tknowwhatIwanttodowhenIleaveschool.Mydadisacomputerengineerworkingontheimprovementofthe1

oftheNavy’s2

.Iwouldliketofollowinhisfootsteps，butthenI’dhavetositinfrontofacomputerallday.Mymumisa3

，butitseemstomethatallshedoesislookingatbacteriathrougha4

.Allthatstuffabout5

findingsthatsavepeople’slivesisprettyinteresting，butIthinkImightbemoreinterestedinstudyingmedicine.Butthenagain，myuncleisascientistandheisalwaystalkingabout6____________

satellitesinto7

.Ifindthisveryexciting.IknowwhatIwanttobe!Icouldbean8

!Icouldcomeupwithhundredsofinventionsthatwill9_________

peopletolivebetterlives.But...Idon’tthinkthere’sauniversitycourseforinventors.MaybeIshouldjustfindoutwhatIreallylikefirst. accuracymissilesbiologistmicroscopescientificlaunchingorbitinventorenableFOCUSONLANGUAGE:ADJECTIVESActivity9Completethesentenceswithadjectivesfromthetext. WordBuilderAdjectivesIfyouhadtochoosethe

mostimportantdiscoveryofthe20thcentury...2

...thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsending

messages.3

...itis

tosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury....this

youngmanwasrockinghis

babywhenhewassuddenlyinspired.5

In1929，another

findingwasmadeby......theworldasweknowittodaywouldbeacompletely

place.singleinstantpossibleoutspoken

one-year-oldimportantdifferentActivity10StudythesentencesinActivity9.Answerthequestions.Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun，whatistheorderoftheadjectives?2

Whatwordscanbeusedtomodify

adjectives?3

Findsomecompoundadjectives.Howaretheyformed?4

Whichoftheadjectivesarecomparableadjectives?Whicharenon-comparableadjectives? Ifthereismorethanoneadjectivebeforeanoun，opinionadjectivesusuallygobeforefactadjectives.Adverbscanmodifyadjectives.Forexample，“one-year-old”and“strong-willed”arecompoundadjectives.Theyareformedwhentwoormoreadjectivesarejoinedtogetherbyoneormorehyphens.Adjectivesthatshowquality，opinion，size，shapeorcolourarecomparable.Adjectivesthatshowquantity，number，nationalityormaterialarenon-comparable.

Activity11Searchonlinetofindthemajordiscoveriesandinventionsofthe21thcentury.Whichdoyouthinkisthemostimportant?Why? EXPRESSYOURSELFLanguagepoints核心詞匯題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法教材原句p.52SCIENTIFICBREAKTHROUGHS科學(xué)突破1scientificadj.科學(xué)（上）的ascientificdiscovery科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)scientificknowledge科學(xué)知識(shí)Thescientificinnovationisbeneficialtothewholefactory.科學(xué)創(chuàng)新對(duì)全廠都有益。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】scientistn.科學(xué)家sciencen.科學(xué)scientificallyadv.科學(xué)（上）地Thescientistshavemadegreatscientificbreakthroughsinthefieldofscience.科學(xué)家們?cè)诳茖W(xué)領(lǐng)域取得了重大的科學(xué)突破。

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］The

（science）isgiftedininnovationandhasmadegreatcontributionstoourcountry.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Wehavefoundfurther

（science）evidenceforthistheory.（3）However，thisentireconceptionis

（science）inaccurate.（4）Ingeneral，

（science）don’thavemuchfreetimeas

（science）researchtakesalmostalltheirtime.

scientistscientificscientifically

scientists

scientific教材原句p.52Amazingdiscoveriesweremadeinmedicine，communicationsandtransport，nottomentionourknowledgeoftheworldandspace.醫(yī)學(xué)、通信和交通方面都有驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)，更別提我們對(duì)世界和太空的認(rèn)識(shí)了。2nottomention更不用說(shuō)HeknowsFrenchandGerman，nottomentionEnglish.他熟悉法語(yǔ)和德語(yǔ)，更不用說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。Heknowslittleaboutthetechnique，nottomentionmakinginnovationinit.他對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)知之甚少，更不用說(shuō)對(duì)它創(chuàng)新了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Wecan’taffordacar，nottomentionthefactthatwehavenogarage.我們買(mǎi)不起汽車(chē)，更不用說(shuō)我們沒(méi)有車(chē)庫(kù)的事實(shí)了。【詞語(yǔ)積累】

近義詞組：letaloneThebabycan’tevensitupyet，letalonewalk.這個(gè)嬰兒甚至都不會(huì)坐，更不用說(shuō)走了。 完成句子（1）Hehastwobighousesinthiscountry，

（更不用說(shuō)）hisapartmentinFrance.（2）It’stoofartowalk，

（更不用說(shuō)）thefactthatit’llprobablybeclosedbynowanyway.翻譯句子（3）Pollutionhasanegativeeffectonthehealthofeveryonelivinginthecity，nottomentionthedamagetotheenvironment.______________________________________________________________________________

nottomentionnottomention污染對(duì)生活在這個(gè)城市里的每個(gè)人的健康都有負(fù)面影響，更不用說(shuō)對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞了。原句p.52Medicaladvancesrangedfromdiscoveringthecausesofdiseasesundermicroscopestostagingoperationstoreplacediseasedorganswithdonatedones.醫(yī)學(xué)上的進(jìn)步范圍很廣，從利用顯微鏡揭示病因、施行手術(shù)，到用捐贈(zèng)的器官置換病變的器官。3rangefromAtoB包括從A到B之間的各類(lèi)事物Shehashadanumberofdifferenttemporaryjobs，rangingfromcheftoswimminginstructor.她做過(guò)許多不同的臨時(shí)性工作，從廚師到游泳教練。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】rangebetweenAandB在A和B之間變化arangeof一系列within/inrange（ofsth）在（……）可及的范圍內(nèi)

outofrange（ofsth）超出（……）范圍Thepricesofthetrousershererangebetween30yuanand1，300yuan.這里褲子的價(jià)格從30元到1300元不等。Thecatstayedwelloutofrangeofthechildren.這只貓離孩子們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，

（range）frombutterfliestoelephants.（2）Itisstatedinthereportthattheageoftheapplicantsshouldrangefrom21

23.（3）Estimatesofthedamagerangebetween$1million

$5million.完成句子（4）Takeiteasy!Yourbloodpressureiswell

（在正常范圍內(nèi)）.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thepricesofthebreadinthisbakery_________________________________

（在5元到20元之間）. （6）Thecoatis

（我買(mǎi)不起）.

rangingtoandwithin/inthenormalrangerangebetween5yuanand20yuan/rangefrom5yuanto20yuanoutofmypricerange4donatevi.&vt.捐獻(xiàn)（器官），獻(xiàn)（血）；捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn) donate...to...將……捐贈(zèng)給……搭配： donateblood獻(xiàn)血 donateorgans捐獻(xiàn)器官Hedonatedalargesumofmoneytohelptheorphans.他捐了一大筆錢(qián)來(lái)幫助那些孤兒。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Everyyearwedonatemanybookstothechildrenintheremotemountainousarea.每年我們都捐贈(zèng)很多書(shū)給偏遠(yuǎn)山區(qū)的孩子們。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】donationn.捐贈(zèng)物；捐贈(zèng)makeadonationto向……捐贈(zèng)donorn.捐贈(zèng)者近義詞：contribute（只能表示捐獻(xiàn)財(cái)物，不表示獻(xiàn)血或捐獻(xiàn)器官） 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Theschoolmasterurgedthatweshoulddonatesomebooks

thechildreninthepoorarea.（2）Hemadeagenerous

（donate）tothecharity.（3）Allthe

（donate）moneywillbeusedtohelpthehomelesschildren.完成句子（4）Theretiredman

（把他的大部分積蓄捐給了）theschoolsdamagedbytheearthquake.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thechildreninthestorm-strickenareashowedtheirappreciationforthemoneyandgoodswe

（向他們捐獻(xiàn)）intheirletters. todonationdonateddonatedmostofhissavingstohaddonatedtothem教材原句p.52...thewaywecorrespondwentfromwritingletterstoemailingandsendinginstantmessages.……我們的通信方式從寫(xiě)信到發(fā)電子郵件和發(fā)送即時(shí)信息。5correspondvi.通信；符合，一致，相對(duì)應(yīng)；相當(dāng)于 correspondwithsb與某人通信搭配

correspondto/with與……相符 correspondto相當(dāng)于

Althoughhestaysabroadalone，hefrequentlycorrespondswithhisfriends.盡管他獨(dú)自一人待在國(guó)外，但是他常和他的朋友們通信。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hisactionsdonotcorrespondto/withhiswords.他言行不一致。Thefunctionofthismachinecorrespondstothatofthehumanbrain.這種機(jī)器的作用就相當(dāng)于人腦的作用。【詞語(yǔ)積累】correspondingadj.符合的；相應(yīng)的；相關(guān)的單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）We’vecorresponded

eachotherbyemailforyears.（2）Profitshaverisenby15percentcomparedwiththe

（correspond）periodlastyear.完成句子（3）Shestill

（和……通信）friendsshemetinMajorcanineyearsago.（4）TheAmericanCongress

（相當(dāng)于）theBritishParliament.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Theresultofthescientificexperimentdoesn’t

（與……相符）whatwepredicted.withcorrespondingcorrespondswithcorrespondstocorrespondto/with6instant（1）adj.立刻的，馬上的；速食的，速溶的，方便的instantcoffee速溶咖啡instantnoodles方便面Ifeltinstantreliefaftertakingacoupleoftablets.服用了幾片藥以后我立即感到輕松了。（2）n.［C］瞬間，片刻；某一時(shí)刻 theinstant（that）一……就……（相當(dāng)于assoonas）搭配 foraninstant一瞬間（指動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間） inaninstant立即，馬上（指動(dòng)作不久將發(fā)生）

Irecognisedhertheinstant（that）Isawher.我一眼就認(rèn)出她來(lái)了。Hefrozewithshockforaninstant.剎那間他驚呆了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】instantlyadv.立即；馬上；即刻Sheisgiftedinpickingupatuneinstantlyonthepiano.她很有天賦，聽(tīng)到曲子就能馬上用鋼琴?gòu)棾鰜?lái)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hegotintoapanicinstantlyhesawsmokerisingfromhisroom.他看到他的房間里冒出了煙，頓時(shí)驚慌起來(lái)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thebirdsflewawayinalldirections

instanttheycaughtsightofamancomingnear.（2）Theseboysandgirlsjumpedwithjoy

（instant）thechairmanannouncedtheresultofthegame. （3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Therepresentativesoftheinterna-tionalcompanywillarrive

aninstantandweshouldgetpreparedtogreetthem.（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hestoodthere

aninstantandthenmadeuphismindtodonatebloodtothepoorboy.完成句子（5）Theshowwas

（立即成功了）.

theinstantlyinforaninstantsuccess教材原句p.52Westartedflyingaroundtheworld，launchingsatellitesintoorbit...

我們開(kāi)始坐飛機(jī)周游世界，把人造衛(wèi)星發(fā)射至軌道……7launchv.（1）發(fā)射；發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起，開(kāi)始從事；使（船，尤指新船）下水launchacommunicationssatellite發(fā)射通信衛(wèi)星launchaninvestigation開(kāi)始調(diào)查launchanattack發(fā)起攻擊launchanationalcampaignagainstsmoking發(fā)起一場(chǎng)全國(guó)性的禁煙運(yùn)動(dòng)AnotherChinesedesignedandbuiltshipwasrecentlylaunched.又一艘中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)制造的船最近下水了。（2）（首次）上市，發(fā)行Hetookadvantageofhissportingbackgroundtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear.他利用他的體育背景推出了一種新品牌的運(yùn)動(dòng)服。Thecompanylaunchedaninvestigationintothemarketdemandanddecidedtolaunchtheirnewproduct.這家公司調(diào)查了市場(chǎng)需求，決定推出他們的新產(chǎn)品。 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thenewmodelwill

（launch）inJuly.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Withaninstantcampaign

（launch）atmidnightlastnight，thosepeopleinthehotelwerearrested.完成句子（3）Theorganisationhas

（發(fā)起一場(chǎng)活動(dòng)）toraisemoney.（4）Thepoliceareplanningto

（開(kāi)始調(diào)查）intothemurder.（5）He

（創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)企業(yè)）whenhewas30yearsold.（6）We

（發(fā)射了另一顆衛(wèi)星）lastmonth.belaunchedlaunchedlaunchedacampaignlaunchaninvestigationlaunchedabusinesslaunchedanothersatellite教材原句p.52...scientistsfiguredouthowtosplittheatom...……科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何分裂原子……8figureout計(jì)算出；弄清楚，理解Hecouldn’tfigureoutallthemoneyheinvestedinhisson’scompany.他已經(jīng)算不出他在他兒子的公司投入了多少錢(qián)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ihavefiguredouttheprocedureofcomplaint.我已弄清楚投訴的程序了。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Isimplycouldn’tfigureouthisresolution.我簡(jiǎn)直揣摩不透他的決定。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】figuren.（繪畫(huà)或故事中的）人，動(dòng)物；塑像；人物；人影；身材；數(shù)字；圖形；（書(shū)中的）圖，表aleading/key/centralfigure領(lǐng)軍/關(guān)鍵/核心人物atallfigureinahat一個(gè)戴帽子的高個(gè)子人影keepone’sfigure保持身材afive-sidedfigure五邊形 Shehasagoodfigure.她身材很好。Thefigureofthefiguresonshowis108.正在展出的雕像數(shù)是108。Thecentralfigureinthepaintingistheartist’sdaughter.畫(huà)中間那個(gè)人物是畫(huà)家的女兒。

完成句子（1）Ifyoudon’tunderstand，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleuntilyou

（弄清楚它）.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hehasn’t

（弄明白該如何）beproductiveintheoffice.寫(xiě)出下列句子中figure的含義（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Sheinstantlyrevealedhersecretofkeepingherfiguretome.___________

（4）TsinghuaUniversityishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.___________

（5）Bylastmonth，thisfigurehadrisento14million.___________（6）Lastnighthesawtwodarkfiguresenterthebuilding.

___________figureitoutfiguredouthowto身材人物數(shù)字人影教材原句p.52Subsequently，“E=mc2”wasborn.隨后，“E=mc2”誕生了。9subsequentlyadv.后來(lái)，隨后（近義詞later；afterwards）Theoriginalinterviewnotesweresubsequentlylost.采訪記錄原稿后來(lái)丟失了。Subsequently，newguidelineswerereleasedtoallsurgeons.隨后，新的準(zhǔn)則發(fā)放給了所有外科醫(yī)生。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thebookwassubsequentlytranslatedinto15languages.這本書(shū)后來(lái)被翻譯成了15種語(yǔ)言?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】subsequentadj.隨后的；隨著發(fā)生的Developmentsonthisissuewillbedealtwithinasubsequentreport.這個(gè)問(wèn)題的發(fā)展將在以后的報(bào)道中予以說(shuō)明。 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Althoughhe

（subsequent）becameasuccessfulbusinessman，heneverforgotthebitterdayswhenhehadpickedupsomethingtoeatinthegarbage.（2）Hesaidhewasadoctor，butit

（subsequent）turnedoutthathewasacheat.完成句子（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（他們后來(lái)聽(tīng)說(shuō)）hehadmadeagreatscientificbreakthrough.

subsequentlysubsequentlyTheysubsequentlyheard教材原句p.52Einsteinthenshowedinhis“theoryofrelativity”thatnoteventime，massorlengthareconstant...愛(ài)因斯坦隨后在他的“相對(duì)論”中指出，即使是時(shí)間、質(zhì)量或長(zhǎng)度也不是恒定不變的……10constant（1）adj.恒久不變的；持續(xù)不斷的，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的aconstantstreamofvisitors絡(luò)繹不絕的游客keepinconstantcontactwithsb一直與某人保持聯(lián)系travelataconstantspeed以恒定速度行駛Theconstantfrictionbetweentheyoungcouplefinallycauseddivorce.這對(duì)年輕夫妻之間經(jīng)常的沖突最終導(dǎo)致了離婚。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）n.常量，恒量，常數(shù)Thespeedoflightisanimportantconstant.光速是一個(gè)重要的常數(shù)?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】

constantlyadv.始終；一直；重復(fù)不斷地constancyn.堅(jiān)定不移；恒久不變Itisannoyingthatthedirectionofthewindisconstantlychanging.風(fēng)向一直變化，真煩人。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Weare

（constant）workingtoimproveaccesstothegalleryanditscollectionsdisplayed.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Scientistsare

（constant）developingnewtechnologyandtheymakescientificbreakthroughsfromtimetotime.完成句子（3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Iamfedupwithhis

（沒(méi)完沒(méi)了的抱怨）.（4）Inourworldnothing

（似乎是永恒不變的）.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］TheForbiddenCityappealsto

（絡(luò)繹不絕的游客）everyday，especiallyduringnationalholidays.

constantlyconstantlyconstantcomplaintsseemsconstantaconstantstreamofvisitors教材原句p.53Thisbluemouldwasinfactthenaturalformofpenicillin，whichFlemingperceivedcouldbeusedtokillbacteria.這種藍(lán)色的霉菌實(shí)際上是自然狀態(tài)的青霉素，弗萊明認(rèn)為它可以用來(lái)殺死細(xì)菌。11perceivevt.察覺(jué)，注意到，發(fā)覺(jué)；認(rèn)為搭配

perceive...as/tobe...認(rèn)為……是…… perceivethat...注意到……

Wecanperceivehissorrowandannoyancebythelooksonhisface.我們從他臉上的表情可以察覺(jué)出他的悲傷和氣憤。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Indeed，thisproblemisgreaterthanyoumayperceive.確實(shí)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)大于你所能感知到的。Theyperceivetelevisionasentertainment.他們將電視視為娛樂(lè)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Adultslearnwhattheyperceivetobebeneficialintheirlifesituations.成年人學(xué)習(xí)他們認(rèn)為對(duì)其生活處境有幫助的東西。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【誤區(qū)警示】

perceive不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Oftenwhat

（perceive）tobeaggressiveissimplyfear.完成句子（2）Childrenwhodobadlyinschooltestsoften____________________________________

（認(rèn)為自己是失敗者）. （3）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Nobodyseemedto

（注意到）theboyshouldanswerviolencewithviolence.（4）Thatmorning，he

（注意到變化）inFranca’smood.

isperceivedperceivethemselvesas/tobefailuresperceivethatperceivedachange教材原句p.53Flemingremainedhumbleabouttheamazingoutcomeofhisdiscovery.弗萊明對(duì)他這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的驚人結(jié)果保持謙虛的態(tài)度。12outcomen.結(jié)果，后果Noonecouldhavepredictedthefinaloutcome.誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有預(yù)想到最終結(jié)果會(huì)是這樣。Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.結(jié)果還很不明朗?！練w納拓展】

v.+adv.→n.（由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的合成名詞）breakdown出故障→breakdownn.故障breakout爆發(fā)→outbreakn.爆發(fā)putout生產(chǎn)，輸出→outputn.產(chǎn)量，輸出量comein進(jìn)來(lái)→incomen.收入Alwayscarryyourtoolboxincaseyourcarhasabreakdownonthemotorway.總是帶著工具箱，以防汽車(chē)在高速公路上拋錨。Theresearchprojectwasputoffbecauseoftheoutbreakofthewar.由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爆發(fā)，這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目被延期了。 完成句子（1）Itwasimpossibleto

（預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果）oftheelection.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Subsequently，thebiologistsareconfidentof

（一個(gè)成功的結(jié)果）.選詞填空（breakdown/outbreak/income/out-come）（3）Hesaidpeoplewillbethewinner，whateverthe

.（4）The

fromvisitorsmakesthemuseumself-supporting.（5）Heisoptimisticthatthegovernmentwillbeabletomanagethe

oftheviruseffectively.（6）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］The

intalksrepresentsatemporarysetbackinthepeaceprocess.

predicttheoutcomeasuccessfuloutcomeoutcomeincomeoutbreakbreakdown教材原句p.53Withthedevelopmentofcomputers，peopleexpectedtogetmorethingsdoneefficiently.隨著計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展，人們期望能有效地完成更多的事情。13efficientlyadv.有效率地，高效能地Wecanarrangetimeefficientlyandknowhowlongasingletaskwilltake.我們可以有效地安排時(shí)間，并知道每項(xiàng)任務(wù)要花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Toworkmoreefficiently，therepresentativehasadoptedadifferentapproach.為了工作更有效率，那個(gè)代表采用了一種不同的方法。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】efficientadj.效率高的theefficientuseofenergy能源的有效利用fuel-efficientcars節(jié)能汽車(chē)efficiencyn.效率withefficiency高效地Learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient，butitiseffective.邊做邊學(xué)可能效率不高，但卻很有效。Itdidn’tsaymuchfortheirefficiencythattheorderarrivedaweeklate.訂貨晚到了一個(gè)星期，可見(jiàn)他們的效率難以恭維。

單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Shewasvery

（efficiency）inreducingwaste.（2）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Hisscientificinnovationhasgreatlyincreasedthework___________

（efficient）.（3）Youshouldexercisemoresoastokeepenergeticandyoucanwork

（efficient）.（4）Iwasimpressedbytheefficiency

whichshehandledthecrisis.（5）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Peoplehavefiguredouthowtousewatermore

（efficient）inordernottowastewater.完成句子（6）

（能源效率）canplayavitalroleinreducingpollution.

efficientefficiencyefficientlywithefficientlyEnergyefficiency教材原句p.53 DuringtheColdWar，a“hugenetwork”ofcomputerswasproposedbytwoAmericanscientists.冷戰(zhàn)期間，兩位美國(guó)科學(xué)家提出建立一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)的“龐大網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。14proposevt.提出（某觀點(diǎn)、方法等） sth搭配： propose doingsth that從句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略）Heresolutelyproposesinvestinginthepropertymarket.=Heresolutelyproposesinvestmentinthepropertymarket.=Heresolutelyproposesthattheyshouldinvestinthepropertymarket.他堅(jiān)決提議投資房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【詞語(yǔ)積累】proposaln.提議；建議make/submit/accept/rejectaproposal提出/提交/接受/拒絕一項(xiàng)提議

【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】（1）proposal后的同位語(yǔ)從句或者表語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)用shoulddo，其中should可以省略。Atlast，heturneddownmyproposalthatweshouldinvestmoremoneyinthefactoryinthecountryside.最后，他拒絕了我提出的增加農(nóng)村工廠投資的建議。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］（2）v.+-al構(gòu)成抽象名詞survivev.→survivaln.幸存removev.→removaln.移動(dòng)arrivev.→arrivaln.到達(dá)refusev.→refusaln.拒絕proposev.→proposaln.建議approvev.→approvaln.贊成 單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Theengineerproposed

（inquire）abouttraintimesbeforesettingoff.（2）The

（propose）madebyMikeisquitereasonable.（3）Various

（propose）wereputforwardbytheemployeesforincreasingsales.（4）［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Themonitorproposed