2020-2021學年上海某中學高二年級下冊英語3月考試卷

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillin(heblankstomakethepassagecoherentand

grammaticallycorrecl.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfromof

thegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Witches'Loaves

MissMarthaMeachamkeptthelittlebakeryonthecomer(theonewhereyougoupthree

steps,andthebellringswhenyouopenthedoor.)

MissMarthswasforty,herbank-bookshowedacreditof(wothousanddollars,andshe

possessedtwofalseteethandasympatheticheart.Manypeoplehavemarried(21)

chancestodosoweremuchinferiortoMissMartha's.

Twoorthreetimesaweekacustomercamein,inwhomshebegan(otakeaninterest.He

wasamiddle-agedman,wearingglassesandabrownbeard(22)(shape)toacareful

point.HespokeEnglishwithastrongGermanaccent.Hisclotheswereworninsomeplaces,and

wrinkledin(23).Buthelookedneat,andhadverygoodmanners.

Healwaysboughttwoloavesofstalebread.Freshbreadwasfivecentsaloaf.Staleones

weretwoforfive.Never(24)hecallforanythingbutstalebread.

OnceMissMarthasawaredandbrownstainonhisfingers.Shewassurethen(25)

hewasanartistandverypoor.Nodoubthelivedinagarret(閣樓),wherehepainted

picturesandatestalebreadandthoughtofthegoodthingstocatinMissMartha'sbakery.

Often(26)MissMarthasatdowntoherchopsandlightrollsandjamandtea,she

wouldsigh,andwishthatthegsntle-manneredartistmightsharehertastymealinsteadofeating

hisdrybreadinhisdraughtygarret.MissMartha'sheart,asyouhavebeentold,wasasympathetic

one.

Inordertotesthertheory(27)hisoccupation,shebroughtfromherroomoneday

apaintingthatshehadboughtatasale,andsetitagainsttheshelvesbehindthebreadcounter.It

wasaVenetianscene.Asplendidmarblepalazzostoodintheforeground-orratherfore-water.

Fortheresttherewereboats-withalady(28)(dip)herhandinthewater-clouds,sky,

andshadesofcolorinplenty.

Noartistcouldfailtonoticeit.

Twodaysafterwardthecustomercamein.

“Twoloavesofstalebread,ifyoublease.''

“Youhafhereafinebicture.madame,^^hesaidwhileshe(29)(wrap)upthe

bread.

“Yes?”saysMissMartha,indulginginherowncalculation.*1dosoadmireartand''(no,it

wouldnotdotosay“artisis”[husearly)4tandpaintings,shechangedhertone.**Youthinkitisa

goodpicture?**

“Derbalance,“saidthecustomer,“isnotingooddrawing.Derbairspectiveofitisnottrue.

Gootmorning,madamc.^^

Hetookhisbread.(30)(bow),andhurriedout.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeused

onlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

1

ThedarksideofCRISPR

A.eliminateB.unknownC.potentialD.conditionE.ambitiousF.better

G.existenceH.supposedlyI.acknowledgesJ.certainlyK.strengthen

AmericanshavecelebratedthefactthattheBidenadministrationisembracingscienceand

returningthecountrytoevidence-basedpolicy-making.Weagreethatscienceshouldguide

policy-exceptincaseswhereitwouldn'tassistpeopleto_31_theirlivingbutwould,instead,

excludethem.

TheCRISPR-Cas9gene-editingtechnology,forwhichbiochemistsJenniferDoudnaand

EmmanuelleCharpentierwontheNobelPrizeinChemistry,hasthe_32—todojustthat.We

shouldthereforealwaysbeawareoftheethicalchoicesthistechnologycanpose.

CRISPRhasmanyfunctions;oneoftheseisthatitcanbeusedtotreatdisease.Yetthe

far-reaching,moreworryingpromiseofthistechnology-oneaboutwhichscientistsseematonce

excitedandcautious-liesinitsability(o_33_from(hegenepoolwhatmedicalscience

identifiesasfaultyorabnormalgenes.AsthelogicofCRISPR'Spromisegoes,-34_,thegoal

ofriddingfuturegenerationsofteniblediseasesthatcausesufferinganddeath,seemsan

unquestionableenterprise.

BuiDoudnaherselfhasrecognizedthatCRISPRcarrieswithit"greatrisk."InaNewYork

limesinteniewonOctober22,2020,shewarnedofthe_35—consequencesofembryoediting,

cautioningresearcherstowaittcuseCRISPRfortheseends.

Asdisabilitystudiesscholarsandwomenwithgeneticdifferenceswhoareexpensinthinking

abouttheconsequencesthistechnologywillhaveforactualhumanbeings,wehavegraveworries

thattheuseofthese"geneticscissors"will,inthefuture,cutpeoplelikeusoutof_36_without

othersevennoticing.ScientistswhouseCRISPRcouldseeeditinggenessuchasoursoutofthe

genepoolasentirelyuncontroversial.

Thisattitude,infact,wouldbeconsistentwithwidersocietalviews.Americansgenerallysee

noproblemwitheditinggeneslinkedtopeoplelikeus;afterall,supportersofthisviewmayargue,

editingoutagene-linked_37_isdifferentfromkillingaperson,andcuringdiseaseisan

indisputablygoodthing.

However,thecommonbeliefthatriddingdiseasefromsocietyisanincontrovertiblegoodcan

leadveryquicklyfromtheactualpossibilitiesofsciencetofantasiesof"improving"humanity

wherewcwouldallbecomesome_38_versionofperson-hoodthatissomehowbetter,stronger,

smarter,andhealthier.CRISPR'soffertoachievethe_39_"best'kindofpeoplealthegenetic

levelisanuneasyalerttothosewhoareoftenjudgedtobebiologicallyinferior.

Expandingdiversityinallitsforms,includingdisability,can_40_thehumancommunity

ethicallyandbiologicallybecauseitopensthepublicandprivatespheretoavarietyof

perspectives,lifeexperiences,iceas,andsolutionstolivetogetherwithmutualflourishing.

HI.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearcfourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Althoughidenticaltwinslookexactlyalike,theydifferinmanysmallways,andthese

differencesincreasewithage.Theymayalsodifferinmore_41_ways.Onemaydieofcancer

atage509andtheothermayliveahealthylifeuntil85.Becauseidenticaltwinssharevirtuallythe

2

samegenes,ithasbeenthoughtthat_42-betweentwinsareduetoenvironmentalfactors.

Lately,however,studiesofidenticaltwinshaveledscientistswhoareworkingonthecutting

edgeofgeneticsresearchtoadifferentandbrandnewconclusion;Genesand(heenvironmentarc

nottheonly_43—forcesatwork.Accordingtorecentresearch,athirdfactoralso_44_:the

epi-genonie.(Theprefixepi-means"above".)Agenomeisacompletesetofgenes,whichis

composedofDNA.Theepi-genome("above(hegenes")controlsgenes.1(isacomplexsetof

biochemicalcontrols,calledtags,thatdoesnotaltergenesbutcanturngenesonoroff.

Epi-geneticsisthestudyofepi-genomesandhowthey_45_whoweare.

Tounderstandcpi-gcnctics,thinkofourDNAasascriptfbraplay.Everyactor-_46_

everygene-hasthesamescript.However,eachactorhasadiffaentroletoplayanddifferent

wordstosay.Likeaplayscript,epi-genetictagscandeterminetherolethateachcellplays.

_47_,even(hougheverycellcontainsthesameDNA,onemaybecomeamusclecelland

anothermaybecomeaskincell.Theseepi-genetictagscanalsocor.trolwhichgenesareturnedon,

orexpressed,andwhichareturnedoff,orsuppressed.Thisisanomialpartofthe_48_ofour

body.Somecpi-gcncticchanges,however,arc_49_normal.Forexample,ancpi-gcnctic

changemayturnoffagenefbr_50-cellgrowth,leadingtocancerorobesity.

Scientistsarenotentirelysurewhysuch_51_epi-genticchangesoccur,buttheyaresure

thattheenvironmentplaysabigpart.Theenvironmentincludesyourphysicalsurroundingaswell

asyour_52—choices,likewhatyoueat,drink,anddo.Epi-geneticchangesmayalsobecaused

byfactorsyoucannotalways_53_,suchastoxinsinyourenvironmentorhighstress.These

changesexplainwhyidentical[winsgrowmoredifferentastheyage,witheachlivinghisown

life.

Whathasastonishedscientistsisthattheseeffectscouldbepassedon(othenextgeneration.

Thiswassurprisingbecausegenesand(heenvironmenthadalwaysbeenconsidered_54_

factors.However,withthedisccveryoftheepi-genometheywere(breedtoconcludethatthiswas

notthecase.Forexample,ifepi-geneticchangesleadtoobesityinparents,theymaypassthis

changeonto(heirchildren,aswasseeninastudyofseveralgenerationsofresidentsinanisolated

partofSweden.

Althoughtheenvironmentcannotalterthegeneticcode,itcanchangegene_55_-the

positionoftheon-offswitch-infuturegenerations.Asafamousquotestates,"Youarewhatyou

eat."Itseemsthatyoumayalsobewhatyourmother,father,andevengrandparentsate...and

drank,andsmoked.

41.A.effectiveB.practicalC.appropriateD.dramatic

42.A.distinctionsB.comparisonC.interactionD.connection

43.A.alternativeB.fundamentalC.physicalD.maximum

44.A.takesplaceB.conicsintoexistenceC.comesintoplayD.takesshape

45.A.shapeB.reflectC.foreseeD.diagnose

46.A.inotherwordB.tonameafewC.inthiscaseD.bycontrast

47.A.ForexampleB.InadditionC.HoweverD.Otherwise

48.A.recoveryB.transformationC.nursingD.development

49.A.especiallyB.hardlyC.mostlyD.nearly

50.A.annualB.properC.essentialD.speedy

51.A.harmfulB.basicC.alarmingD.obvious

52.A.favourableB.initialC.creativeD.behavioural

3

53.A.considerB.identifyC.controlD.explain

54.A.casualB.independentC.externalD.limiting

55.A.therapyB.defectC.poolD.expression

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

HowIfailedmyOxfordinterview

Assoonasthewordsleftmymouth,IknewI'dmadeamistake."YouthinkJaneAustenis...

soft?"themanoppositemeaskedindisbelief.Then,heandhiscolleaguetookturns(ochallenge

myclaim,finishingeachotherssentencesastheystressedthatAusten'snovelswere,infact,

savage.

"Ijustmean..."Isaidinabrightvoice,tryingtokeep(hetonelight,"thatshe'snotasbiting

asVirginiaWoolf."

Thetwoprofessorsthisideaaround,(oo,likeacoupleofcatstoyingwithafrightenedbird-

givingspecificexamplesofhowAusten'sworkwas,onthecontrary,morebiting(hanWoolfs.

Withnomoredefensiveactiontatake.Isimplysmiledandsaid."Let'sjustagreetodisagree,shall

wc?MAndatthatmoment,mydreamsofgoingtoOxfordUniversitydisappearedinapuffof

smoke.

Partofmyproblemwasalackofconfidence.EventhoughIwasastraightAstudentandhad

preparedfortheinterviewtothebestofmyability,Iwasn'taskilleddebater.Whenfacedwithtwo

expertswhotoldmethatIwaswrong,insteadofdefendingmyself,Irolledoverandaccepted

defeat.

Topasstheinterview,youneedmorethanconfidence,ofcourse.Youalsoneedaburning

passionforyoursubject,notjustakeeninterest.Inotherwords,don'tputcommentsonyour

personalstatementthatyou'renotpreparedtobackupinperson.

So.monthslater,Ialreadyknewthecontentsofmythinenvelopwhenitappearedonmy

doormat.Naturally,Ifeltapangofdisappointment.IhadwantedtogotoOxfordsinceIwas13.1

usedtolookupimagesofmyfavoritecollegewiththesameeagernessofabride-to-bebrowsing

weddingdresses.

Ultimately,Ididn'thavewhatittook-but.lookingback,(hatwasn'tnecessarilyabadthing.

InsteadofgoingtoOxford.Ifoundauniversitythatwasabetterfitformyinterests.Ilovedmy

eclectic(兼收并蓄的)course,whereIcouldwriteanessaycomparingJaneEyreto50Shadesof

Grey.

FailingmyOxfordinterviewalsoprovidedavaluablelifelesson.I'mnotmoreconfidentin

myopinions,morepassionatewhenitconiestodebate,andItrytobackupmypointwithhard

evidence.What'smore.Ihaveneversinceendedadiscussionbygivingafoolishsmileandsaying.

"Let'sjustagreetodisagree,shallwe?"

56.Theunderlinedword"savage"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.romanticB.popularC.mercilessD.adventurous

57."Let'sjustagreetodisagree'*showswhenfacingchallenges.

A.aggressivenessB.weaknessC.peacefulnessD.intelligence

4

58.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboultheinterviewisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheauthormadeamistakewhencommentingonJaneAusten.

B.Theauthorshowednorespectfortheprofessors.

C.Oxford'srejectiongavetheaulhorachancetoreflectonherself.

D.TheprofessorsadvisedtheauthortowriteanessayonJaneEyre.

59.Whatlessondid(heauthorlearnfromherinterviewexperience?

A.One'sconfidence,passionandknowledgeleadtosuccess.

B.Astudentshouldchooseaselectivecollegewhichsuitshimorher.

C.Thepowertofightagainsttheauthorityisthekey(oabetterlife.

D."Let'sjustagreetodisagree"isusefultobringabattletoanend.

(B)

TarongaZooSydney

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Safetymeasures

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FollowingthemostrecentadvicefromNSWHealth,Tarongahasimplementedthefollowing

additionalmeasurestoensureourZoosremainalow-riskenvironmentforyouandyourfamilyto

enjoy.

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federaltravelrestrictions,borderclosuresandpublichealthordersrelatingtoCOVID-19.Please

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61.HowmuchwilltheSimpsor.spayfortheirvisittoTarongaon22February?Tlieirinformation

isshownbelow.

NAMEHomerMargeBartLisaMaggie

AGE40381082

A.$190氏$160C.$152D.$128

62.Accordingtothesafetymeasures,isacceptableduringthevisittoTaronga.

A.bookingalltheticketsatthegate

B.visitingthezooafterself-isolation

C.pullingofffacemasksinindoorareas

D.stayingovernightwithahighfever

(C)

Patientdata:weneedabetterapproach

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealth

Service(NHS)andDeep-Mindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.

Deep-Mindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotential

ofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationof

powerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner.

ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherjudgmentagainsttheRoyalFreelospilalundertheNHS,which

handedovertoDeep-Mindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin2015.Thisisonthebasisofa

vagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatient'srightsandtheirexpectationsof

privacy.

Deep-Mindhasalmostapologized.TheNHShasmodifieditsways.Furtherarrangements

andtheremaybemanybetweentheNHSandDeep-Mindwillbecarefullyinspectedtoensurethat

allnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.

Therearelessonstolearnabouttheinformedpatientagreement.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangle

inthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.MsDenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameonthe

NHS.sinceunderexistinglawit"controlled"thedataandDeep-Mindmerely"processed"i(.But

thisdifferencemissesthepoint:hatitisprocessingandcollection,notthemorepossessionofbis,

thatgivesthedatavalue.

ThegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallIhedatathatourlivesnow

generate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiable

6

knowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaytheeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualthere

gainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtorestricttheteachgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlyimproper.This

practicedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaytnatthealgorithmsDeep-Mind

developswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivate

monopoly(壟斷)whichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosave

livesasdrugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigmedicalcompanyhasdone.

Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolution.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafuture

troublesome.MsDenham'sreportisawelcomestart.

63.TheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeep-Mind.

A.putbothsidesintoadangeroussituation

B.judgedthepowerofRoyalFreehospital

C.failedtopayattentiontopatient'srights

D.causedconflictsamongtechgiants

64.TheNHSresponded(oDenham'sjudgmentwith.

A.carefulassessmentB.sincereapologies

C.necessaryadjustmentsD.emptypromises

65.Whatdocstheauthorargueinparagraph2?

A.Allunnecessarydateshouldbeinspected.

B.Thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit.

C.Itismorevaluable(ocollectuser'sdata.

D.Leakingpatient'sdalaisworsethansellingit.

66.Accordingtothepassage,therealconcernbehindtheuseofpatient'sdatais.

A.theviolatingbehaviorofbigmedicalcompanies

B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw

C.thecentralizationofbigdatabytechgiants

D.(herevolutioninthebigdataindustry

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.

Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.It'squickerandeasierthanusingtherightquestiontag.

B.ButhowlongwillitbebeforetextspeakisstandardEnglish?

C.Thewordisavariationon"fishing".

D.EventhegrammarofEnglishischangingslowly.

E.SomepeoplebelieveGlobishwillbethemostcommonlyspokenlanguageintheworldone

day.

F.Somepeoplearetakingastandagainstteentextspeakandslang.

Englishischanging,INNT(isn'tit)?

MillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarclearningEnglishbuthowmanyofthemrealisethat

theEnglishtheyarelearningisconstantlychanging?Newwordsareenteringthelanguage,

existingwordsaredevelopingnewmeaningsandotherwordsarefallingoutofuse.

67Sowhatdrivesthesechangesandshouldwctrylostopthem?

Notsurprisingly,technologyisresponsibleforalotofnewwords.Twentyyearsago,noone

7

knewwhata"blog"wasbutwhenpeoplebeganwritingweblogsonline,thephrasewasquickly

shortenedto"blog"andthewriterwascalleda"blogger".Andnowadays,intenietusersare

constantlywarnedabout(hedangersof"phishing",wherecriminalstrytogetyourcreditcardand

bankdetailsbysendingdishonestmails.68Criminalsuseemailstocatch

victimsjustlikefishermenusev/ormstocatchfish.

Thearrivaloftextingonmobilephonescreatedaquickandeasywaytostayintouchwith

friends.ItalsocreatedtheneedforaveryshortformofEnglish-atextmessageisonly160

characterslong.Insteadofwriting"seeyoulater",teenagersstartedtowrite"cu18r"andwhen

theyfoundsomethingfunny,theywrote"lol",insteadof"laughoutloud".Atthemomentitiss(ill

wrongtousethislanguageinessays,jobapplicationsandsoon.69Itwill

changesoon,Ithink,lol!

GlobalisationhasbeenaneffectivewayofspreadingEnglisharound(heworld.Butnow

manypeoplebelievethatnon-nativespeakersofEnglisharecreatingtheirownformofthe

language,whichhasbeennamedGlobish.Withitslimitedvocabularyandsimplesentences,this

formofEnglishenablesaSpanishbusinessmantocommunicateeasilywithaChinesestudent,for

example.70Perhapsitalreadyis!Soifwecouldtnivelintothefuture,

wouldwefindpeopleallovertheworldspeakingacommonlanguage?Probablynotbutatleast

communicationmightbesimpleroneday...innit?

SectionC

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaand(hemainpoinl(s)ofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Facescommunicatefeelings.Theycantellpeopleifwearehappy,sad,orconfused.Faces

haveanotheruse,too.Likeyouruniquefingerprint,yourfacecanidentifyyou.Unlessyouhave

anidenticaltwin,thereisnooneelseintheworldwithyourface.Bymatchingthecodeofany

newfacetothecodesforfacesthatarealreadyinthedatabase,nowadaysfacial-recognition

technologycanpro