小學(xué)英語知識點總結(jié)

=1\*ROMANI.可數(shù)名詞名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩部分。其中，可數(shù)名詞是表示能夠計算的人或物的名稱，他們通常有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式。單數(shù)通常用a,an或者是one來表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：adesk,anapple,oneboy.·可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則直接在單詞的后面加-s.photo---photosbook---booksegg---eggsstudent---studentspen---pensvillage---villagescloud---cloudsflower---flowershand---handsmap---mapsgirl---girls如果單詞以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾，通常要在單詞后面加-es.bus---busesclass---classesbox---boxdress---dressespeach---peacheswatch---watchesfish---fishes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞要把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，則直接加上-s.family---familiesstory---storiesbaby---babiesday---daystoy---toysboy---boys以f,fe結(jié)尾的單詞，要把f,fe變?yōu)関，再加-es.knife---kniveswolf---wolvesshelf---shelves以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，如果不是外來詞或縮寫，就加-es，否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。（有生命的加es，無生命的加s）potato---potatoestomato---tomatoeshero---heroesradio---radiosphoto---photospiano---pianoszoo---zoos一些特殊的不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。goose---geesefoot---feettooth---teethwoman---womenman---mensheep---sheepfish---fishdeer---deerpeople---peoplechild---childrenmouse---mice有些名詞是通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，如：shoes,pants,boots,glasses等。1=2\*ROMANII.不可數(shù)名詞一般來說，不可數(shù)名詞主要是以物質(zhì)名詞與抽象名詞為主。它們通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與a,an連用。在表示“一”或“幾”的數(shù)量概念時，不可數(shù)名詞必須與相應(yīng)的量詞連用。如果時表示復(fù)數(shù)的數(shù)量關(guān)系時，則把量詞變化，不可數(shù)名詞不變。修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞語有：some,any,much,alotof,alittle等。例如：aboxofmilk一盒牛奶somewater一些水muchfood大量的食物alittletime一點時間some與any詞語辨析some與any都表示“一些”，但它們的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句與一般疑問句中。同學(xué)們要特別注意的是：some還可以用在客氣請求的一般疑問句中。例子：Ihavesomebeautifulstamps.（肯定句）Idon’thaveanybeautifulstamps.（否定句）Doyouhaveanybeautifulstamps?（一般疑問句）A:CanIhaveanysomebananas?B:Sure.（客氣請求的一般疑問句）many,alotof,much詞語辨析many,alotof,much,這三個詞都是表示“許多”。many是用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,much用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，alotof則用來修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。例子：Peterhasmanyfriends.（可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peterhasmuchfoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peterhasalotoffriends.（可數(shù)名詞的前面）Peterhasalotoffoodforhisbirthdayparty.（不可數(shù)名詞的前面）·不可數(shù)名詞的歸類表示液體：water,juice,milk,coffee,coke2、表示自然現(xiàn)象：snow,rain,ice3、表示食品類：rice,jam,honey,meat,bread,mutton,beef,tofu,eggplant,pork,chicken,fish,food4、其它類：newspaper,news,homework,housework2be動詞，情態(tài)動詞，助動詞do/does的用法區(qū)別及練習(xí)

由連系am，is，are構(gòu)成的句子：變一般疑問句時把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用問號即可。變否定句時直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如：肯定句:Heisastudent.一般疑問句:Isheastudent?否定句:Heisnotastudent.畫線提問:對he提問:Whoisastudent?對astudent提問:Whatishe?orWhatdoeshedo?2.由情態(tài)動詞can,may,should等構(gòu)成的句子:變一般疑問句時把can,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用問號即可.變否定句時直接在can,may,后面加not即可.例如:肯定句:Shecanswim.一般疑問句:Cansheswim?否定句:Shecannotswim.畫線提問:對she提問:Whocanswim?對swim提問:Whatcanshedo?3.由行為動詞構(gòu)成的句子:需要加助詞do或does.變一般疑問句時把do/does放在句子前面.變否定句時把don’t/doesn’t放在動詞的前面。要注意觀察動詞的形式并對號入座。一般疑問句和否定句的動詞三單式都要變回原型。例如:肯定句:Theyplayfootballafterschool.

Heplaysfootballafterschool.一般疑問句:Dotheyplayfootballafterschool?

Doesheplayfootballafterschool?否定句:Theydon't(donot)playfootballafterschool.Hedoesn’t’playfootballafterschool.畫線提問:對they/he提問:Whoplaysfootballafterschool?

Whoplaysfootballafterschool?對playfootball提問:Whatdotheydoafterschool?Whatdoeshedoafterschool?對afterschool提問:Whendotheyplayfootball?Whendoesheplayfootball?注意：1.在改疑問句時，遇到主語人稱是第一人稱I、we的需要將人稱換成第二人稱you2.在改疑問句和否定句中，遇到some和and，將其改為any和or.按要求改寫句子：1.Iknowtheanswer.(一般疑問句)

______________________theanswer?Wecanseesomebirds.(一般疑問句)____________see______birds?3.Hedesignsclothes.(一般疑問句)

______he________clothes?4.Therearesomeflowersontheteachers’desk.(一般疑問句)__________________flowersontheteachers’desk?5.Therearesomeapplesonthetree.(否定句)There__________________applesonthetree.6.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I______thinkhe______veryold.7.Pleasecolouritgreen.(否定句)____________colouritgreen.8.Thesedoctorsarehelpful.(變否定句)_____________________________.9.Youmayhavesomehotdogs.(一般疑問句)_________________________________?.11.Thissignmeans“Nosmoking”.(就劃線部分提問)What______thissign_________?12.Shelooksyoung.（改一般疑問句）________she_______young?13.Sheisyoung.（改為一般疑問句）________________________?14.Mypencilsareinthepencil-box.(對劃線部分提問)____________yourpencils?15.Igetupatsixeveryday.(對劃線部分提問)______________________yougetupeveryday?16.Theyliketowalkhome.(改為一般疑問句)______they_______________________________?17.Youshouldaddwateroften.（一般疑問句）____________________wateroften?

6一般疑問句一、什么是一般疑問句1.定義：用Yes或No作答的疑問句叫一般疑問句。2.特點：1、以be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞開頭；eg:Isyourfatherateacher?DoesCatherinelikeanimals?CanJennyspeakFrench?2、往往讀升調(diào)；3、譯成漢語，都可以帶上“嗎”eg:上面三句可分別譯為：你父親是老師嗎？凱瑟琳喜歡動物嗎？詹妮會說法語嗎？二．陳述句和一般疑問句間的轉(zhuǎn)換要將陳述句變成一般疑問句，可以遵循下列步驟：1.看句中有沒有be動詞（am、is、are、was、were）助動詞（do、does、did、have、had）或情態(tài)動詞（can、must、will、may等），如果有，將其提到句首，句末打上問號即可。eg:Itwasrainyyesterday.→Wasitrainyyesterday?Tom'sfathercanplaythepiano.→CanTom'sfatherplaythepiano?Ihavefinishedmyhomework.→Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?2.如果句中沒有be動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則根據(jù)謂語動詞的形式借助do的相應(yīng)形式放在句首。具體方法是：如果謂語動詞是原形，則借do；如果謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)形式，則借does；如果謂語動詞是過去式，則借did.需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的謂語動詞要變回原形。eg：Theygotoschoolbybike.→Dotheygotoschoolbybike?Billgetsupat6:30everyday.→Doesbillgetsupat6:30everyday?Thestudentssawafilmyesterday.→Didthestudentsseeafilmyesterday?陳述句變一般疑問句應(yīng)注意的事項陳述句變成一般疑問句除了遵循上述規(guī)則以外，還應(yīng)注意下列幾點：1.如果陳述句中有第一人稱，則變問句時最好要變?yōu)榈诙朔Q。eg：Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.→Doyouusuallyhavelunchatschool?Myfatherisplayingsoccer.→Isyourfatherplayingsoccer?2.如果陳述句中有some,則變問句時往往要變成any。eg：Thereissomewaterontheplayground.→Isthereanywaterontheplayground?3.復(fù)合句變一般疑問句通常只變主句，從句不變。eg：IknowhecomesfromCanada.→DoyouknowhecomesfromCanada?7三.一般疑問句往往采用簡短回答由三部分（三個單詞）組成，對這三部分（三個單詞）的確定可以概括例下：1.第一個詞：不是Yes就是No。（有時根據(jù)語氣的不同，Yes可由Sure,Certainly,Ofcourse等代替.NO可由sorry代替.）2.第二個詞：問誰答誰。即答語中的主語須與問句的主語一致（但必須用主格代詞）。eg：Doesshecleanherroomeveryday?Yes,shedoes.IsAnna′sfatheradoctor?No，heisn′t.如果主語是thisthat,回答時用it代替，如果問句中主語these,those,回答時用they′代替。3.第三個詞：用什么問，用什么答。即沿用問句中的引導(dǎo)詞。CanJimplaysoccer?Yes,hecan.DoesMrBeanspeakEnglish?Yes,hedoes.需要注意問題：（1）.用may引導(dǎo)的問句，肯定回答用may，否定回答用can′t或mustn′t用must引導(dǎo)的問句，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn′t.eg：MayIgototheparknow?Yes,youmay./No,youmustn′t.MustIwashmyclothesnow?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn′t.4．用No開頭作否定回答時,結(jié)尾要加上not。因為回答必須是三部分，所以否定回答必須縮寫，而肯定回答不能縮寫。eg:DidThomascomehereyesterday?Yes,hedid./No,hedidn′t.IsLinLininClass3?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn′t.或（No,she′snot）.83、英語句型變化總結(jié)練習(xí)They

are

good

friends.His

father

goes

to

work

by

bus.

I

play

computer

games

every

night.

I

like

to

read

English.

I

go

to

school

on

foot.

We

have

a

pleasant

home.

We

like

to

climb

the

mountain.

They

go

to

church

on

Sunday.

They

walk

to

school

every

morning.These

cats

are

crying.

They

can

swim.

You

will

be

a

singer.

He

goes

to

school

every

day.He

likes

English.

1、用do

does

be

填空

1>

_____

she

know

all

the

answers

?

Yes

,

she

____

.

No,

she

_____.

2>

_____

the

twins

often

fight

?

Yes

,_____

do.

No,

_____

don’t

3>

_____

your

dad

like

listening

to

music?

Yes

,____

does

.

No,

_____

doesn’t.

4>_____

uncle

Tom

wash

his

car

everyday?

Yes

,

____

does

.

No,

____

doesn’t.5>

_____

you

have

a

new

teacher?

Yes

,

I

______.

No,

I

______.

6>_____

she

a

teacher?

Yes,

she

_____

.

No,

she

_____.

7>

______

you

playing

ball

now?

Yes,

I

______.

No,

I

______.

8>

______

the

pig

like

to

sleep?

Yes,

it

______.

No,

it

_____.

9>

______

five

birds

flying

in

the

sky?

Yes,

they

_____

.No,

____

aren’t.

10>

_____

your

father

smoking

in

the

living

room?

Yes,

____

is

.No,

he

_____.1.Iknowtheanswer.(一般疑問句)

______________________theanswer?Wecanseesomebirds.(一般疑問句)____________see______birds?3.Hedesignsclothes.(一般疑問句)

______he________clothes?4.Therearesomeflowersontheteachers’desk.(一般疑問句)__________________flowersontheteachers’desk?Therearesomeapplesonthetree.(否定句)There__________________applesonthetree.6.Ithinkheisveryold.(否定句)I______thinkhe______veryold.7.Pleasecolouritgreen.(否定句)____________colouritgreen.8.Thesedoctorsarehelpful.(變否定句)_____________________________.9.Youmayhavesomehotdogs.(一般疑問句)_________________________________?.12.Shelooksyoung.（改一般疑問句）________she_______young?13.Sheisyoung.（改為一般疑問句）________________________?16.Theyliketowalkhome.(改為一般疑問句)_____they____________________________?17.Youshouldaddwateroften.（一般疑問句）____________________wateroften?10There

be

句型

定義：There

be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。

（注意：therebe就近原則）①

There

is

a

bird

in

the

tree.

樹上有一只鳥。

②

There

is

a

teacher

and

many

students

in

our

classroom.

我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

③

There

are

two

boys

and

a

girl

under

the

tree.

樹下有兩個男孩，一個女孩。

3.

There

be句型與have的區(qū)別：(1)

There

be

句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下：There

be表示“某處存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。

①He

has

two

sons.

他有兩個兒子。

②There

are

two

men

in

the

office.

辦公室里有兩個男人。

(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時，There

be

句型與其可互換。

例如：A

week

has

seven

days.

=There

are

seven

days

in

a

week.

一個星期有七天。

變臉一：否定句

There

be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣，在be后加上not.。There

are

some

pictures

on

the

wall.

→There

aren't

any

pictures

on

the

wall.

=There

are

no

pictures

on

the

wall.

There

is

a

bike

behind

the

tree.

→

There

isn't

a

bike

behind

the

tree.

=There

is

no

bike

behind

the

tree.

變臉二：一般疑問句

There

be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調(diào)整到句首，再在句尾加上問號即可。There

is

some

water

on

Mars.

→

Is

there

any

water

on

Mars?

There

are

some

students

in

the

chass

→Are

there

anystudents

in

the

class?但要注意：改否定句、一般疑問句時當(dāng)肯定句中有some時，要將其改為any。

選擇題。1.（

）There_______abookonthetable.

A.is

B.are（

）________thereanappleonyourdesk?A.are

B.is(

)There_______somestudentsintheclassroom.A.are

B.Is（

）There________apencil,abookandtwopensonthetable.A.is

B.are（

）There_______two

apples,oneorangeandonebananaonthetable.

A.is

B.are（

）Arethere________picturesonthewall?

No

,therearen’t________.A.any\

any

Bsome\any

C.some\some（

）Arethere___housesneartheriver?Yes,thereare___.A.some,some

B.any,some

C.any,any

D.some,any（

）Thereis_______bookinhishand.A.no

Bnot用“have,has”或者“thereis,thereare”填空。1.I_____agoodfatherandagoodmother.2.______________manychildrenonthehill.3.He_________amirror.4._____________abasketballintheplayground.5.She__________somedresses.6.They___________anicegarden.7.Whatdoyou___________?8.______________areading-roominthebuilding?9.WhatdoesMike___________?10.______________amapoftheworldonthewall.11.Myfather_________astory-book.12._______________astory-bookonthetable.13.Myparents___________somenicepictures.14._____________somemapsonthewall.三、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動詞填空。

1、There

alotof(許多)sweetsinthebox.2、There

somemilkintheglass.

3、There

somepeopleunderthethebigtree.

4、There

apictureandamaponthewall.

5、There

fourcupsofcoffeeonthetable.11動詞第三人稱變化規(guī)則1、大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加“S”如：like--likeslook--looks2、以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的，要先將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，然后在加“es如：fly--fliesstudy--studies3、以“s,

x,

ch,

sh”結(jié)尾的，在詞尾加“es”，如：watch--watchesteach--teaches4、以“o”結(jié)尾的動詞，加“es”，

如：go--goesdo-doesdrink________

go_______

stay________

make________

look_________have_______

pass_______

carry_______

come________

watch______plant_______fly________study_______brush________teach_______wash_________

match

_______guess______

study______

finish_________

go________

snow______

carry_________drink________go_______stay________make________2.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.4.______they________(like)theWorldCup?5.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?6._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?7.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.9.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.10.Mike_______(like)cooking.11.They_______(have)thesamehobby.12.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.13.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.14.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.15.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.16.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.17.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.18.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.19.I

________(write)

to

you

as

soon

as

I

_______(get)

to

London.

20.

He

doesn’t

feel

well

and

____________(not

eat)

any

food

this

morning.

21.

He

______

not

_______(see)

me

come

in,

for

he

___________(read)

something

with

great

interest.

22.

I

_________(let)

you

have

the

book

as

soon

as

I

_________(finish)

it.

23.

While

we

________(wait)

for

our

teacher,

a

little

boy

________(run)

up

to

us.

24.

Don’t

make

a

noise.

Grandpa

__________(sleep).

25.It’s

seven

now,

Tom’s

family__________(watch)

TV.

26.

It

________(take)

me

two

hours

to

finish

my

homework

last

night.

27.

What

______

your

mother

_______(do)

at

eight

yesterday

evening?

She

_______(wash)

clothes.28.

_______

it

______

(rain)

when

school

was

over

yesterday?

30.

There

________

(be)

a

football

match

on

TV

this

evening.

31.

They

said

they

________

(visit)

the

Great

Wall

the

next

summer

holiday.

32.

Who

_______

(dance)

the

best

in

your

class?

33.

Will

you

come

if

he

_____________

(not

come)?

34.

The

teacher

told

us

the

earth

__________

(move)

round

the

sun.

35.

They

_______

(have)

a

party

in

the

garden

if

it

________

(not

rain)

tomorrow.

36.I

don’t

know

if

Mr.Wang

______

(go)

to

Shanghai

tomorrow.

12特殊疑問句一.定義：以疑問詞開頭，對句中某一成分提問的句子叫特殊疑問句。常用的疑問詞有：what,whatcolor,whatnationality,whatday,who二．構(gòu)成①特殊疑問詞+助動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？eg:WheredoyoudostudyEnglish?②特殊疑問詞+be動詞+主語+其他？eg:WhyisyourMumsoangry?③特殊疑問詞+情態(tài)動詞+主語+動詞原形+其他？eg:WhatcanIdoforyou?三．回答特殊疑問句時，不能用yes／no，即問什么答什么，尤其是簡略回答。如：-WhoisfromCanada﹖-Helen(is)．-Where'stherestaurant﹖-Nearthestation．-Whydoyoulikekoalas﹖-Becausetheyarecute．2.特殊疑問詞全搜索一句話：wh-開頭外加能與之結(jié)伴同行的名詞；how及它的形容詞兄弟姐妹們，即如：What（什么），why(為什么)，who(誰)，where(哪里)，which(哪一個)，whatclass(什么課)，whattime(什么時間)，whatnumber(什么號碼)；how(怎么樣)，howmany(多少)，howold(多大)，howmuch(多少)等。特殊疑問詞when問時間who問人whose問主人where問地點which問選擇Why問原因what問東西how問情況whattime問時間whatcolour問顏色whatabout問意見whatday問星期whatdate問日期howmuch問價錢howold問年齡howmany問數(shù)量whatcolour問顏色howlong問多久howbig問多大howoften問頻率13特殊疑問句練習(xí)題（一）一、選擇正確的單詞填空(who,where,when)1._____isthatprettygirl?Sheismysister.2._____areJackandTom?Theyarebehindyou.3._____doyougotoschool?IgotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.4._____hasabeautifulflower?Johnhasabeautifulflower.5._____arethey?Theyaremyparents.6._____ismymother?Sheisinthelivingroom.7._____areyougoing?Wearegoingtothebakery(面包坊).8._____doJimandWendyplayball?Theyplayballintheafternoon.9._____doeshejog?Hejogsinthepark.10._____areyoufrom?I'mfromChangchuncity.二、就畫線部分提問1.Heismyfather.2.Theyareunderthetree.3.IoftenwatchTVafterdinner.(晚飯后)4.Lilyswimsintheswimmingpool.(游泳池)5.Supermanfliesinthesky.6.Ioftenbrushmyteethintheevening.7.AlanlikestoplaywithBill.8.Joe'sfatherplaysbadminton(羽毛球)everyweekend.9.Thesupermarketisneartheschool.10.Thelaptop(筆記本電腦)isonthetable.11.Jenniferhasapairofearrings(耳環(huán)).12.Theflowersareintheflowerpot(花盆).13.Mygrandpatookustothezoo.14.Iputthegoldfish(金魚)intothefishtank(魚缸).15.The

monkeysleepsatnight.

14特殊疑問句練習(xí)（二）一．用whattime,whatcolor,whatday,what填空。1.A:_____________isit?

B:Itisnineo’clock.2.A:_____