考研翻譯寫作基礎(chǔ)

2英語相對于漢語的特點：e.g.(英語一1995-72)Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.3成份(主謂賓定狀補)名詞n.代詞pron.動詞v.形容詞adj.詞adv.介詞prep.連詞conj.4謂語動詞動詞：及物不及物、實義系動詞、動作結(jié)果、瞬間延續(xù)介詞 (介詞+名詞/v-ing)5 and,or,nor,but,yet,so (主要連句子).That:that.Wh-:which,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whether.Other:because,if,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,assoonas,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,everytime,themoment/minute/second/instant671.SV主謂2.SVO主謂賓3.SVC主系表4.SVOO主謂賓賓5.SVOC主謂賓賓補五大基本句型的重要性：1.英語中的主干結(jié)構(gòu)致8e.g.2.Shelooksaround.3.Thejobisfinished.9名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞(主格)3.動名詞(doing)4.不定式(todo)：判斷及物不及物動詞的誤區(qū)：根據(jù)中文意思判斷動詞及物不及物e.g.1.IwatchTV.2.Thestudentsarelookingattheteacher.賓間的關(guān)系(只有主動)：1.主語為謂語動作的發(fā)出者2.賓語為謂語動作的接受者1.及物動詞不及物動詞+介詞名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)1.名詞2.代詞(賓格)3.動名詞(doing)4.不定式(todo)5.賓語從句可帶動名詞(doing)的動詞：admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp/resist/stand,consider,defer,delay,deny,mind,enjoy,fancy,favour,giveup,include,keep,practice,risk,stop,suggest...e.g.1.Iamexcited/acollegestudent/intheclassroom/home.2.Ifeelhappy.3.Everyonestayedcalm.4.Foodgoesbadeasilyinsummer.kfeeltastesmellsoundseem4.“變化”類動詞become,go,turn,grow,get,fall(ill),表語的屬性：1.形容詞Iamexcited.2.名詞Iamacollegestudent.3.代詞Itishim.4.介詞短語Iamintheclassroom.5.副詞(表位置)Iamhere/home.6.不定式(to)Myplanistopassthetest.7.動名詞(doing)Myhobbyisgrowingflowers.e.g.eadvice2.Hegavesomeadvicetome.pass,sell,send,sing,write,sparee.g.1.Iregardyouasthebestfriend.2.Youmakemehappy.3.Parentsexpecttheirchildrentobeexcellent.4.Iseemystudentsdoingtheirhomework.5.Ifindallthehouseworkdone.6.Thepresidentappointedhimthesalesmanager.1.Iregardyouasthebestfriend.2.Youmakemehappy.3.Parentsexpecttheirchildrentobeexcellent.4.Iseemystudentsdoingtheirhomework.5.Ifindallthehouseworkdone.6.Thepresidentappointedhimthesalesmanager.?賓補是對賓語的補充說明?賓語+賓補可在意思上構(gòu)成“主謂”、“主謂賓”或“主系表”關(guān)系20make,call,name,think,elect,appoint,consider,want,wish,expect,keep,have,leave,drive,catch,stop,allow,lorderlike,hate,help,paint,cut,mind...21hecollegestudentsintheclassroom1.定語修飾名詞2.英語中定語分前置后后置英語中定語位置及基本形式(前二后六)：2.后置定語：介詞詞組、doing現(xiàn)在分詞詞組、done過去22hecollegestudentsintheclassroom教室里的大學生語23什么是狀語(adverbial)?2.狀語經(jīng)常由副詞充當24ttothestationquickly2.Hequicklygottothestation.(動詞前)3.Hegotquicklytothestation.(動詞后)4.Hegottothestationquickly.(賓語后)252.He,atahighspeed,gottothestation.(動詞前)3.Hegot,atahighspeed,tothestation.(動詞后)4.Hegottothestationatahighspeed.(賓語后)26介詞詞組4.done過去分詞詞組27ttothestationquickly2829含義：從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：引導詞(只能使用一個)+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)引導詞的作用：共同作用：連接主從句30thatwhich,who,whom,whose,when,where,what,why,how,whetherbecause,if,although,though,before,after,while,since,as,until,till,once,assoonas,unless,provided,immediately,instantly,directly,everytime,themoment/minute/second/instant31e.g.?...althoughhecamehome.?...thathecamehome.?...whenhecamehome.that/wh-32t?Wh-:whichwhowhom/whose/when/where/why 作后置定語33基本結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞結(jié)構(gòu)/句子+引導詞這是我昨天買的那本書。Thisisthebookthat/whichIboughtyesterday.341.Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.2.AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.3.“Itwasareallybadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.4.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.5.Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.6.WhileproducinglargequantitiesofCO2,thesecomputersemitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichusesevenmoreenergy.35ebookthatwhichIboughtyesterday36Iboughtabook,whichgavemegreathelp.37lefttheschoolwhichsurprisedmegreatly38方法：39Iboughtabook,whichprovidedgreathelp.Iboughtabookprovidinggreathelp.Iboughtabook,whichwaswrittenbythebestnovelistintheworld.Iboughtabookwrittenbythebestnovelistintheworld.40Iboughtabook,whichwouldsolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.IboughtabooktosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.Iboughtabook,whichwouldberevisedsoon.Iboughtabooktoberevisedsoon.41Iboughtabook,whichwasabletosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.IboughtabookabletosolveallmyproblemsinEnglishlearning.421.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.2.Todeliverresultstoitsusersquickly,then,Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,packedwithpowerfulcomputers.3.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving4.Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.43?我找到了導致這場意外的原因。Ihavefoundthereasonthatledtotheaccident.Ihavefoundthereasonleadingtotheaccident.?這座房子就是他出生的地方。Thehouseistheplaceinwhich/wherehewasborn.Ihavetakencountlessexams,inwhichIhavehardlyfailed.Hewonthefirstprizeinthecompetition,whichpleasedmegreatly.44名詞從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：?That:that?Wh-:which(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),what(ever),whose(ever),how,when,where,why,whether?其他：because/asif/asthough(表從),if(賓從)451.Thathecheatedintheexamwillbeeventuallydiscovered.2.Youdon’tknowwhichIboughtyesterday.3.MyquestionishowIcanfurthermystudyinthisuniversity.4.NoonecandenythefactthatIamChinese.名詞從句的特點：461.Thathecheatedintheexamwillbeeventuallydiscovered.2.Itisobviousthathecheatedintheexam.1.帶有正常主語從句的句子一般呈現(xiàn)出“一主兩謂”的結(jié)構(gòu)。2.形式主語只能代替主從、不定式和動名詞(動詞ing)，不能代替名詞和代詞471.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliability,andappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.2.WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.3.Furthermoreitisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisintur