Unit1-A-land-of-diversity基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)-新人教版選修

Unit1Alandofdiversity——重點(diǎn)單詞1．meansn.[C]方法；手段(單復(fù)數(shù)同形)(1)means作為一個(gè)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，常與主謂一致結(jié)合起來(lái)進(jìn)行考查。要注意，means作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，前有every,each,one等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；前有several,some,many,few,all等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。meansn．手段；方法；meanv．意思是；打算byallmeans當(dāng)然可以，一定，務(wù)必bymeansof依靠bynomeans絕不，一點(diǎn)也不bythismeans＝inthisway用這種方法meansoftravel/transportation交通方式way多與in連用，構(gòu)成in...waymethod多與with連用，構(gòu)成with...methodmeans多與by連用，構(gòu)成by...meansapproach多與to連用，構(gòu)成approachto...用means,method,way和approach的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)Hethoughtofanefficient________tothestudyofEnglishidioms.(2)Hesolvedtheproblembythis________.(3)Shetriedtofinda________tosolvethepuzzle.(4)Wehavenobetterideas,solet'stryyour________.(5)Bynomeans________suchagoodopportunity!A．shallImiss B．IshallmissC．missI D．Imiss2．majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半 點(diǎn)撥：(1)單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)均可。Themajoritywas/wereagainsttheplan.大多數(shù)人反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。(2)單獨(dú)用作主語(yǔ)，如果后面的表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.昨天參加會(huì)議的大多數(shù)是學(xué)生。(3)Themajorityofeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,不可數(shù)名詞＋單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞))Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.這次的損失大部分容易補(bǔ)救。完成句子(1).__________________(大多數(shù)學(xué)生覺(jué)得)quitehardtoliveontheamountofmoneytheyget.(2).Eventuallyhegaveintothewishofthe________.A．mostB．majorityC．a(chǎn)verage D．common(3).Lessthantwentypercentoftheemployeesintheircompanyarewomen.Thatistosay,womenareinthe________.A．majorityB．a(chǎn)ctivityC．probability D．minority3．occurvi.發(fā)現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)(occurred,occurred)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.occurstosb.,sth.strikessb.,sth.comestosb.,Itoccurstosb.that-clause,Itstrikessb.that-clause,Ithitssb.that-clause))某人突然想起……以上結(jié)構(gòu)中主語(yǔ)不能是人，而是想到什么事情或it作形式主語(yǔ)。①Theideaoccurredtohiminadream.這個(gè)主意是他在夢(mèng)中想到的。②Itdidn'toccurtohertoaskforhelp.她沒(méi)想到請(qǐng)別人幫忙。③Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.她突然想她可能會(huì)收養(yǎng)一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的孩子。④Hernamejustdidnotoccurtomymemory.我就是想不起她的名字。[運(yùn)用提升] (1).Itsuddenly________tomethatwecouldusethecomputertodothejob.A．struck B．occurredC．happened D．saw(2).—Whyareyousolate?—Iwasinhalfthewaywhenit________tomethatIhadleftmynotebookhome，soIhadtofetchit.A．occurredB．hitC．happened D．reminded(3).Ithadnever________tohimthathemightbefallinginlovewithher.A．takenplace B．occurredC．comeabout D．brokenout重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)：1．takein包括；吸收；理解；欺騙takein包括；吸收takeafter長(zhǎng)相或舉止像(某個(gè)長(zhǎng)輩)takeapart拆開(kāi)；拆散takeas看作，認(rèn)為takeaway拿走；使停止，使離開(kāi)；使消失；減去takeback承認(rèn)說(shuō)錯(cuò)了(話)，收回(諾言，話語(yǔ))takedown拿下，取下；記下來(lái)takein接待(某人)留宿；欺瞞，欺騙；充分理解，掌握taketo喜歡上takeoff起飛；請(qǐng)假；開(kāi)始有成就；開(kāi)始受歡迎；開(kāi)始成名takeover接管takeon開(kāi)始雇用；開(kāi)始具有或呈現(xiàn)……面貌；承擔(dān)(責(zé)任等)takeup開(kāi)始花時(shí)間從事(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))；對(duì)……產(chǎn)生興趣；開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)(某課程)，選修；占用了(時(shí)間或空間)takeachance碰碰運(yùn)氣，冒……風(fēng)險(xiǎn)take...bysurprise奇襲；出其不意做某事，使驚奇（1）Theseteenagersdon'tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that'swhytheyweresoeasily________.A．takenin B．takenupC．takenonD．takenoff（2）Theseteenagersdon'tknowmuchoftheworldyet;that'swhytheyweresoeasily________.A．takenin B．takenupC．takenon D．takenoff2．keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)keepupwith不落后；跟得上keepaway(使)遠(yuǎn)離keepback隱瞞(某事)；扣，留下keepdown控制，抑制(某事物)keepon(doing)繼續(xù)(干)keepout(of)阻止進(jìn)入；不卷入，避開(kāi)（1）—Howlongdoyouthinktheterriblesnowwill________？—Sorry,Ididn'tlistentotheweatherforecast.A．keepout B．keeponC．keepup D．keepaway（2）Youmust________agoodstateofmind.A．keepup B．takeupC．makeup D．setup3．a(chǎn)pplyfor申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到eq\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(1\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(applyto適用于,apply...to...把……應(yīng)用到……))))(2)applyoneselfto(doing)sth.專(zhuān)注于；專(zhuān)心做某事①Youcan’tapplyforthejobuntilyouhavesatisfiedcertainconditions.在符合一定的條件之后你才能申請(qǐng)這一份工作。②Wehadtoapplytothegovernmentforfinancialhelp.我們只好向政府申請(qǐng)財(cái)務(wù)援助。③Whatyousaiddoesn’tapplytome.你所說(shuō)的并不適合我。④HeappliedhimselftolearningEnglish.他專(zhuān)心學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（1）TotraveltotheUnitedStates，youmustfirstapply________theAmericanEmbassy________yourvisa.A．for；toB．to；forC．for；for D．to；to（2）．Hewouldliketo________thepositionasasalesmanadvertisedinthenewspaperyesterday.A．waitfor B．standforC．searchfor D．a(chǎn)pplyfor4.agreatmany很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞)=1\*GB3①tseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在失業(yè)了。=2\*GB3②Agreatmanyofusdon’tlikespeakingEnglishinclass.我們當(dāng)中許多人不喜歡在課堂上講英語(yǔ)。agood/greatmany后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但agood/greatmany后接of時(shí)，必須加限定詞，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。（1）.________thehouseswereknockeddownintheearthquake.A．Agreatmany B．ThenumberofC．Agreatmanyof D．Agreatdealof5.makealife習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等歸納拓展cometolife變得更有趣；變得活躍live/leada．..life過(guò)著……生活comebacktolife蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)，恢復(fù)生機(jī)bring...backtolife使……蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)make/startanewlife開(kāi)始新生活Thematchfinallycame_to_lifeinthesecondhalf.比賽在下半場(chǎng)終于精彩起來(lái)。完成句子Theyoungmenintheruralareashavetoleaveforbigcitiesto________________(謀生)．6．markout劃線標(biāo)出……的界限There'safascinatingdrivemarkedoutfortourists.有一種專(zhuān)為旅游者選定的迷人的駕車(chē)旅游活動(dòng)。Avolleyballcourthadbeenmarkedoutonthegrass.排球場(chǎng)已經(jīng)在草坪上畫(huà)出來(lái)了。markdown記下；減價(jià)；給低分markup漲價(jià)；提高分?jǐn)?shù)markoff用界限隔開(kāi)mark...with用……在某物上做標(biāo)記bemarkedwith標(biāo)有……的標(biāo)志練習(xí)：（1）Wemust________thetenniscourtreadyforthematchthesedays.A．flowout B．comeoutC．markout D．pointout（2）Avolleyballcourthadbeen________________(標(biāo)出……界線)onthegrass.重點(diǎn)句型：1．Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.這就是今天有超過(guò)40%的加利福尼亞人把西班牙語(yǔ)作為第一或第二語(yǔ)言的原因。句中的why引導(dǎo)的為表語(yǔ)從句，注意以下句式區(qū)別：(1)That'swhy...那就是為什么……(why從句表示結(jié)果)(2)That'sbecause...那是因?yàn)椤?because從句表示原因)(3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……(表語(yǔ)從句常用that引導(dǎo),而不用because)①Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了，那是他病了。②Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelateforthemeeting.湯姆病了，那就是他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因。③ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.湯姆開(kāi)會(huì)遲到的原因是他病了。[運(yùn)用提升]（1）ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoFrancewas________anewjob.A．becauseIgot B．becauseofgettingC．Igot D．thatIgot（2）—HaveyouheardthenewsthathewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity?—Yes，that’s________heworkedsohardallthetime，sohiseffortspaidoff.A．why B．becauseC．how D．what（3）Isthisthereason________sheexplainedinthereportforhersuccessinthejob?A．what B．thatC．how D．why2．However，it_is_likely_thatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.然而，土著美國(guó)人有可能在一萬(wàn)五千年前就在加州生活著?！军c(diǎn)津】本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為that從句。Itislikelythat...……是可能的，此句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為：sb./sth.belikelytodosth.某人/物可能做某事。①She’sverylikelytoringmetonight.＝It’sverylikelythatshewillringmetonight.她今晚很可能給我打電話。②Itislikelythattheweatherwillbefine.＝Theweatheris_likely_to_be_fine.天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。possible，probable，likely在搭配上的區(qū)別：①I(mǎi)tispossible/probable/likelythat從句②Itispossibleforsb.todosth.③Sb./Sth.islikelytodosth.練習(xí)：（1）Look,darkcloudsaregathering.It's________torainsoon.A．probable B．possibleC．likely D．perhaps（2）Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore________tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforecomputerscreensforlonghours.A．likely B．possibleC．probable D．sure=1\*ROMANI.單詞拼寫(xiě)1．Itwas________(顯然的)thatthesuccessfullaunchofShenzhouⅧdrewtheworld'sattention.2．The________(大多數(shù))ofpeopleinterviewedpreferredTVtoradio.3．The________(改革)ofteachingmethodshelpstotheimprovementofteachingquality.4．Asmanyas200,000headof________(牛)areraisedinthisarea,whicharelikelytoleadtothedamageoftheenvironment.5．Many________(申請(qǐng)人)appliedforthewellpaidjob,butnoneofthemwereacceptedbythecompany.6．Ahighfever________(表明)thataperson'sbodyisfightingdisease.7．Theoldman________(滑倒)ontheicyroadandbrokehisleg.8．Heishappythathewas________(選舉)monitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.9．Shehadlookedeverywhereforherchildrenbuttheywere________(到處都無(wú))tobefound,whichmadeherveryworried.10．Whatdoesitcostto________(租)acarforaweek?=2\*ROMANII.詞義辨析1．Testingisstilltheusual________bywhichstudents'progressismeasured.A．way B．methodC．manner D．means2．Aswecansee,inthenursingprofession,womenareinthe________.A．majorityB．nationalityC．identity D．possession3．What________ofbabiesdieofthisdiseaseinAfricancountrieseveryyear?A．percentage B．a(chǎn)mountC．number D．quantity4．Asthewageswerelow,therewerefew________forthejob.A．enterprises B．a(chǎn)pplicantsC．purchases D．profits5．Isawinthepaperthatanotherearthquakehad________inSichuan,causingmanydeaths.A．slipped B．reactedC．occurred D．occupied6．Thebell________theendoftheclassrang,interruptingourheateddiscussion.A．inserting B．indicatingC．governing D．reflecting7．Itwas________fromherfacethatshewasreallyupset.Betterleaveheralone.A．racial B．a(chǎn)bundantC．flexible D．a(chǎn)pparent8．Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletit________away?A．drill B．clickC．scan D．slip9．Heearnedhislivingby________himselfouttowhoeverneededhisservices.A．dragging B．a(chǎn)daptingC．hiring D．banning10．She________herkeyintothelock,turneditbutthelockwouldn'topen.A．inserted B．a(chǎn)doptingC．stressing D．a(chǎn)busing1.：(1)approach(2)means(3)way(4)methodA[解析]bynomeans置于句首，句子采用部分倒裝。2.答案：(1).Themajorityofstudentsfindit(2).[答案]B(3).答案：Di