《國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理英語(yǔ)》課件

Unit1

ScopeofFreightForwardingServiceUnit1ScopeofFreightForwardingService（一）基本要求了解：Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty熟悉：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor掌握：Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Thefreightforwarder’soriginalduty2.Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignor3.Scopeoftheforwarders’servicesonbehalfoftheconsignee2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor(exporter)Choosetheroute,modeoftransportandasuitablecarrier.Bookspacewiththeselectedcarrier.Takedeliveryofthegoodsandissue

relevantdocumentssuchastheForwarders’CertificateofReceipt,（FCR收貨憑證）theForwarders’CertificateofTransport,（FCT運(yùn)輸憑證）etc.Studytheprovisions（規(guī)定）oftheletterofcredit

andallGovernmentregulationsapplicabletotheshipmentofgoodsinthecountryofexport,thecountryofimport,aswellasanytransitcountry;hewouldalso

prepare

allthenecessarydocuments.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）Pack

thegoods,takingintoaccounttheroute,themodeoftransport,thenatureofthegoodsandapplicableregulations,ifany,inthecountryofexport,transitcountiesandcountryofdestination.Arrangewarehousingofthegoods,ifnecessary.Weightandmeasurethegoods.Drawtheconsignor’sattentiontotheneedforinsuranceandarrangefortheinsuranceofgoods,ifrequiredbytheconsignor.Transportthegoodstotheport,arrangeforcustomsclearance,relateddocumentationformalitiesanddeliverthegoodstothecarrier.2.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignor（exporter）EconomicrisksAttendto

（處理）foreignexchangetransactions,ifany.Payfeesandotherchargesincludingfreight.Obtainthesignedbillsofladingfromthecarrierandarrangedeliverytotheconsignor.Arrange

fortransshipmentenrouteifnecessary.Monitor

themovementofgoodsallthewaytotheconsigneethroughcontractswiththecarrierandtheforwarders’agentsabroad.Notedamagestoorlossesofthegoods,ifany.Assisttheconsignorinpursuingclaims（索賠）,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）Monitorthemovementofgoodsonbehalfoftheconsigneewhentheconsigneecontrolthefreight(goods).Receiveandcheckallrelevantdocumentsrelatingtothemovementofthegoods.Takedeliveryofthegoodsfromthecarrierand,ifnecessary,paythefreightcosts.Arrangecustomsclearanceandpayduties,feesandotherchargestothecustomsandotherpublicauthorities.3.Theforwarders’servicesonbehalfofconsignee（importer）1342Arrangetransitwarehousing,ifnecessary.Assisttheconsignee,ifnecessary,inwarehousinganddistribution.Delivertheclearedgoodstotheconsignee.Assisttheconsigneeinpursuingclaims,ifany,againstthecarrierforlossofthegoodsorfordamagetothem.Unit2TermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoodsUnit2TermsofShipmentintheContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods（一）基本要求了解：TermsofShipment熟悉：WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipment掌握：Interpretationoftermsandpointsofthetimeofshipmentinthecontract:（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Timeofshipment2.Interpretationofterms3.Pointstonotewhenthetradersdiscussthetimeofshipmentinthecontract1.WaysofStipulatingTimeofShipmentShipmentnotlaterthanJuly31st,2008ShipmentonoraboutJune20,2008Shipmentwithin15daysafterreceiptofremittance(匯款)ShipmenttobemadeduringJune/July,2008BADCEShipmentwithin30daysafterreceiptofL/C2.InterpretationoftermsIftheexpression

“onorabout”orsimilarexpressionsareused,bankswillinterpretthemasastipulationthatshipmentistobemadeduringtheperiodfromfivedaysbeforetofivedaysafterthespecifieddate,bothenddaysincluded.Thewords

“to,until,till,from,between”andwordsofsimilarexpressionsapplyingtoanydateorperiodinthecreditreferringtoshipmentwillbeunderstoodtoincludethedatementioned.2.InterpretationoftermsTheword“beforeandafter”willbeunderstoodtoexcludethedatementioned.Theterms“firsthalf,secondhalf”

ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe15th,andthe16thtothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.Theterms“beginning,middle,orend”

ofamonthshallbeconstruedrespectivelyasthe1sttothe10th,the11thtothe20th,andthe21sttothelastdayofsuchmonth,alldatesinclusive.3.Pointstonote(1)Theexportershouldconsiderwhetherhecangetthegoods

readybeforetheshipmentdate

andwhethertheshipisavailableifthegoodsareready.(2)Thetimeofshipmentshouldbestipulatedin

aclearandflexibleway.Expressionssuchas“prompt”,“immediately”,“assoonaspossible”andthelikeshouldnotbeused.(3)Sometimes,theL/Csimplystipulatesanexpirydatewithoutashipmentdatewhichmeansthesetwodatesarethesame.3.Pointstonote(4)Iftheexpirydateofthecredit（信用證有效期）and/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeforpresentationofdocuments（交單期）stipulatedbythecreditfallsonadayonwhichthe

banktowhichpresentationhastobemadeisclosed,thestipulatedexpirydateand/orthelastdayoftheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments,asthecasemaybe,shallbeextendedtothefirstfollowingdayonwhichsuchbankisopen.3.Pointtonote(5)Thelatestdateforshipment（最遲裝運(yùn)期）shallnotbeextendedbyreasonoftheextensionoftheexpirydateand/ortheperiodoftimeafterthedateofshipmentforpresentationofdocuments.

Ifnosuchlatestdateforshipmentisstipulatedinthecreditoramendments,bankswillnotaccepttransportdocumentsindicatingadateofshipmentlaterthantheexpirydatestipulatedinthecreditoramendments.Unit3

DocumentaryCreditUnit3DocumentaryCredit（一）基本要求了解：BasicContentsofanL/CandBasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit熟悉：Definition,CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C掌握：PartiestoanL/C,TypesofLettersofCredit（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.Definition2.PartiestoanL/C

3.BasicContentsofanL/C4.BasicProcedureofaDocumentaryLetterofCredit5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C6.TypesofLettersofCredit信用證操作的流程簡(jiǎn)述如下：1.買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方在貿(mào)易合同中規(guī)定使用跟單信用證支付。

2.買(mǎi)方通知當(dāng)?shù)劂y行（開(kāi)證行）開(kāi)立以賣(mài)方為受益人的信用證。

3.開(kāi)證行請(qǐng)求另一銀行通知或保兌信用證。

4.通知行通知賣(mài)方，信用證已開(kāi)立。

5.賣(mài)方收到信用證，并確保其能履行信用證規(guī)定的條件后，即裝運(yùn)貨物。

6.賣(mài)方將單據(jù)向指定銀行提交。該銀行可能是開(kāi)證行，或是信用證內(nèi)指定的付款、承兌或議付銀行。

信用證操作的流程簡(jiǎn)述如下：7.該銀行按照信用證審核單據(jù)。如單據(jù)符合信用證規(guī)定，銀行將按信用證規(guī)定進(jìn)行支付、承兌或議付。

8.開(kāi)證行以外的銀行將單據(jù)寄送開(kāi)證行。

9.開(kāi)證行審核單據(jù)無(wú)誤后，以事先約定的形式，對(duì)已按照信用證付款、承兌或議付的銀行償付。

10.開(kāi)證行在買(mǎi)方付款后交單，然后買(mǎi)方憑單取貨。1.DefinitionAletterofcreditis

thewrittenpromiseofabank（銀行書(shū)面保證文件）toactattherequestandontheinstructionsoftheapplicantandtoundertakepaymenttothebeneficiary（承諾付款給受益人）intheamountspecifiedinthecredit,providedthatthebeneficiarycomplieswiththetermsandconditionsofthecredit.2.PartiestoanL/CApplicant:

thepartywhichappliestothebankforopeningL/C(buyerorimporter)Issuingbank:thebankthatissuesaL/CattherequestoftheapplicantAdvisingbank:

thebankthatadvisesthebeneficiaryofanL/CBeneficiary:

thepartyinwhosefavoranL/Cisopenedandwhichshouldcomplywiththetermsandconditionsofthecreditinordertoreceivetheproceeds(seller,exporter)Negotiatingbank(議付銀行):

thebankthatnegotiatesthebeneficiary’sdraft.Itmaybetheadvisingbankoranotherbankauthorizedtonegotiatethedocuments5.CharacteristicsofSettlementbyL/C1）Theissuingbankhastheprimaryliabilitiesforpayment;2）AnL/Cisaself-sufficientinstrument（自足文件）;3）Itissimplyadocumenttransaction.Therelevantpartiesdealwith

documentsonly,ratherthanwiththegoodsorservices（銀行處理的是單據(jù)，而不是單據(jù)所涉及的貨物、服務(wù)）。Ifthegoodsdonotconformtothedocumentsaftertheapplicantpaystheissuingbank,theapplicantcanonlytakethismatterupwiththedefaultingparties(違約方).Ithasnothingtodowiththebank.Onthecontrary,ifthegoodsareinorder,butthedocumentarenotcorrect,theissuingbankandtheapplicanthavetherighttorefusetopaytheseller.6.TypesofLettersofCreditDocumentarycredits(shippingdocumentsrequired)Cleancredits(光票信用證onlydraftsrequired)Irrevocabledocumentarycredits(cannotbecancelled)Confirmedcredits(confirmedbyanotherbank)Unconfirmedcredits(非保兌notconfirmedbyanotherbank)Sightcredits(effectpaymentimmediately)Timecredits(effectpaymentnotimmediately)OtherCredit：Payment（付款）credits,acceptance（承兌）credits,negotiation（議付）credits,anticipatory（預(yù)支）credit,revolving（循環(huán)）credits,transferable（可轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)ヽredits,back-to-backcredits,etc.Unit4ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportationUnit4ThePracticeofInternationalOceanCargoTransportation（一）基本要求了解：Transportgeography熟悉：DifferentTypesofShippingServices掌握：ShippingDocuments（二）考試內(nèi)容1.Transportgeography2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices3.ShippingDocuments1.TransportgeographyAninternationalfreightforwardershouldbefamiliarwithinternationaltraderoutes.Heorsheshouldhaveknowledgeofmaintrafficroutes,locationofports,transshipmentpoint(轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)地)andinlandcenter.2.DifferentTypesofShippingServices2.1Conferencelines（班輪公會(huì)航線）(1)definition

Ashippingconference（班輪公會(huì)）isagroupofshippinglinesoperatinginanyparticularrouteunderagreementtoprovidedascheduledservicewithacommontariffandafixeditineraryofportofcall.(2)purposetoeliminatepricecompetitionamongmemberlinestoreduceoutsidecompetition(3)advantagestoshippersarestabilityoffreightratesandregularityofservices.(4)disadvantagesRatesareusuallyhigh.RatesdonotfluctuateaccordingtosupplyanddemandRatesandproceduresareinflexible.2.3Non-vesseloperatingcommoncarrier(NVOCC)（無(wú)船承運(yùn)人）AnNVOCC

isacarrierwhooperatesaregularscheduledservice.Hedoesnotownoroperatethevesselsbywhichseatransportationisprovided.AlthoughtheNVOCCisacarrierinhisrelationshipwiththeactualshipper,heisashipperinhisrelationshipwiththeactualcarrier.Herendersausefulservicebyprovidinggroupageorconsolidationservices,particularlytosmallshipperwhodonothavemuchbargainingpowerinnegotiatingrates.2.2Non-Conferencelines（非班輪公會(huì)航線）Thisisattributabletothedevelopmentofcontainerizationandemergenceofmanyindependentcarriers.2.4Trampservice（不定期船運(yùn)輸）Trampservicehasnofixeditinerary（航線）orscheduleandisoperatedonanyrouteaccordingtosupplyanddemand.3.Shippingdocuments(1)Thebilloflading（提單）

Thebilloflading

byitselfisnotacontractofcarriageasitsignedonlybythecarrier.However,itprovidesevidenceofcontractofcarriage.Itservesasareceiptforgoodsdeliveredtothecarrier.Besides,thebillofladingservesasadocumentoftitleenablingthegoodstobetransferredfromtheshippertotheconsigneeoranyotherpartybyendorsement.(2)Seawaybill（海運(yùn)單）

Aseawaybillisthereplacementofthetraditionaloceanbilloflading.Thewaybillisanon-negotiabledocument

andmadeouttoaconsigneewhoisallowed,uponproductionofproperidentification,toclaimthegoodswithoutpresentingthewaybill.3.Shippingdocuments(3)Cargomanifest（艙單）

Acargomanifest

provides

informationregardingcargoonboard.Themanifestispreparedbythecarrier’sagentbutthefreightforwarderhavetohandleitwhiledealingwiththecustomsandportauthorities.(4)Shipping(Booking)note（托運(yùn)單）

Ashippingnoteisissuedbytheshippertothecarrierrequestingallocationofshippingspace.Itisacommitmentonthepartoftheshippertoshipthegoodsandservesasthebasisforthepreparationofthebilloflading.3.Shippingdocuments(5)Deliveryorder（提貨單）

Adeliveryorder

isissuedbythe

carrierorhisagenttoenabletheconsigneeorhisforwardingagenttotakedeliveryofthecargofromthevessel.(6)Mate’sreceipt（大副收據(jù)/收貨單）

Amate’sreceiptisthereceiptissuedbythemateintheacknowledgementofthegoodsreceivedonboardwhichissubsequentlyexchangedforthebilloflading.Unit5

Charteringusiness

Unit5CharteringBusiness（一）基本要求了解：Bareboatchartering熟悉：TimeChartering掌握：VoyageChartering

（二）考試內(nèi)容1.VoyageChartering2.TimeChartering3.BareboatcharteringCharteringCharteringisthebusinessofprovidingemploymentforavesselandarrangingsuitableseatransportforavarietyofcommodities.船舶租賃是提供船舶和薇各種貨物安排死黨海上運(yùn)輸?shù)臉I(yè)務(wù)。1.Voyagechartering航次租船(1)DefinitionThevoyagecharteringmeansthattheshipownerpromisestocarryonboardaspecificshipaparticularcargoforasinglevoyagefromoneormoreloadingportstooneormoredischargingports.

航次租船是指船東承諾按一個(gè)單程航次裝運(yùn)約定的貨物，從一個(gè)或多個(gè)港口運(yùn)至另一個(gè)或多個(gè)港口。1.Voyagechartering航次租船(2)ContentsAvoyagecharterpartyshallmainlycontainthenamesoftheparties,thenameandnationalityoftheship,itsbaleorgraincapacity,descriptionofthegoodstobeloaded,portofloadinganddischarge,timeforloadinganddischarge,paymentoffreight,demurrage,dispatchandotherrelevantmatters.

航次租船合同應(yīng)當(dāng)主要包含雙方的名字,船的名字和國(guó)籍、噸位和艙容。描述裝載貨物的裝貨、卸貨港、裝貨、卸貨時(shí)間,支付運(yùn)費(fèi)、滯期費(fèi)、速遣費(fèi)以及其他有關(guān)事項(xiàng)。

1.Voyagechartering航次租船(3)CostsallocationUnderavoyagechartertheshipownerretainstheoperationalcontrolofthevesselandisresponsibleforalltheoperatingexpensessuchasportcharges,bunkers,taxes,etc.Loadinganddischargingcostsaredividedbetweentheshipownerandthechartererinaccordancewiththeagreementfromcasetocase.在航次租船中，船東仍保有對(duì)船舶的控制，負(fù)責(zé)港口使費(fèi)、燃油，稅費(fèi)等所有運(yùn)營(yíng)費(fèi)用。裝卸費(fèi)用由出租人和承租人按照協(xié)議中不同情況的規(guī)定。

1.Voyagechartering航次租船(4)FormsTherearemorestandardformsofvoyagecharterpartyused.Typicallyexampleis

Genconform

whichisgeneralcharterpartiesdesignedtobeusedintradeswherenospecificformexists.有更多的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式的航次租船合同使用。典型的例子是金康合同形式,租船合同設(shè)計(jì)的一般用于在交易沒(méi)有特定的形式存在的情況。2.Timechartering(1)Meaning:Thetimecharteringmeansthattheshipownerprovidesadesignatedmannedshiptothecharterer,andthechartereremploystheshipforaspecificperiodagainstpaymentofhire.Thehireispayableinadvanceforamonthorotherperiod.Ifthehireisnotpaidpromptlytheshipownermaybeentitledtocancelthecharter.定期船舶合同是指船東將配備好還原的制定船舶提供給承租人、在約定的期限內(nèi)，由承租人控制船舶的營(yíng)運(yùn)并支付租金。租用費(fèi)用是提前一個(gè)月支付或其他時(shí)間支付。如果租用費(fèi)用沒(méi)有及時(shí)支付，出租人有權(quán)解除合同。2.Timechartering(2)Liabilities:Underatimecharterthecrewisemployedbytheshipowner,whoisalsoresponsibleforthenauticaloperationandmaintenanceofthevesselandsupervisionofthecargo.Thechartererisliableforcostsdirectlyconnectedwiththeuseofthevessel,forexample,bunkercostsandportchargesandpaysfortheloadinganddischarging.根據(jù)合同船員是受雇于出租人的,他們也負(fù)責(zé)船舶的航海操作和維護(hù)和監(jiān)督的貨物。承租人承擔(dān)船舶的使用費(fèi)用。例如,燃料成本和港口裝卸費(fèi)用和支付。Theliabilityforthecargomaybedeterminedindifferentwaysandmayrestwiththeshipownerorwiththechartererormaybedividedbetweentheminonewayoranother.貨物的責(zé)任可能以不同的方式，或許取決于出租人或承租人，或者以這樣或那樣的方式讓他們分別承擔(dān)責(zé)任的一部分。

2.Timechartering(3)Forms:Therearealsosomestandardformsoftimecharterpartyusedinthetimecharteringbusiness.ThetwomajorformsareNYPEandBALTIME.ByfarthelargestnumberoftimecharteringarefixedonthebasisoftheNYPE（紐約土產(chǎn)格式）CharterParty.也有一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式的定期租船合同用于租船業(yè)務(wù)。兩種主要形式是NYPE和BALTIME。定期租船到目前為止最多的是以NYPE為基礎(chǔ)的租船合同。Unit6MarineB/L

Unit6MarineB/L（一）基本要求了解：ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading熟悉：GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading,DrawingupMarineBillsofLading掌握：FunctionsofMarineBillsofLading,TypesofMarineBillsofLading（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.GeneralConceptofMarineBillsofLading2.FunctionsofMarineB/L3.TypesofMarineBillsofLading4.DrawingupMarineBillsofLading5.ElectronicDeliveryofMarineBillsofLading1.GeneralConceptofmarinebillsoflading海運(yùn)提單概念A(yù)billofladingisadocumentwhichservesasanevidenceofthecontractofcarriageofgoodsbyseaandthetakingoverorloadingofthegoodsbythecarrier,andbasedonwhichthecarrierundertakestodeliverthegoodsagainstsurrenderingthesame.Aprovisioninthedocumentstatingthatthegoodsaretobedeliveredtotheorderofanamedperson,ortoorder,ortobearer,constitutessuchanundertaking.（提單，是指用以證明海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和貨物已經(jīng)由承運(yùn)人接收或者裝船，以及承運(yùn)人保證據(jù)以交付貨物的單證。提單中載明的向記名人交付貨物，或者按照指示人的指示交付貨物，或者向提單持有人交付貨物的條款，構(gòu)成承運(yùn)人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證。）2.FunctionsofmarinebillofladingItisreceiptforthegoodsshipped（這是貨物收據(jù)）

areceiptissuedbyacarrierthatidentifiableconsignmentofgoodshasbeenreceivedbyhimforshipment,oractuallyloadedonboardhisshipAdocumentoftitletothegoods（貨物的物權(quán)憑證）

ThepossessionofaB/Lisequivalentinlawtopossessionofthegoods.Evidenceofthetermsofthecontractofaffreightment.（租船合同的條款的證據(jù)。）

Thetermsofthebillofladingcontainthetermsofthecontract.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.1Orderbillsoflading（提示提單）Orderbillsareissuedbythecarrierstotheorderofshipperorconsignee.Anorderbillofladingisanegotiabledocument.Orderbillsmadeouttoconsigneeorordercanbetransferredbythembyendorsement.3.2Straightbillsoflading（記名提單）

Straightbillsofladingarethosemadeouttonamedconsigneeswithouttheadditionofthewords“ororder”.Theyarenotnegotiableandcannotbetransferredtothirdparties.Deliveryofgoods,therefore,canonlybetakenbythenamedconsignee.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.3Shippedbillsoflading（已裝船提單）

Shippedbillsstatedefinitelythatthegoodshavebeenloaded.Itconfirmsthatthegoodsareactuallyonboardthevessels.3.4Receivedforshipmentbillsoflading（收貨待運(yùn)提單）Receivedforshipmentbillsofladingstatethatthegoodshavebeenreceivedforshipment,anddonotindicatetheactualdateoflading.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.5Directbillsoflading（直接提單）Directbillsofladingarethosecoveringshipmentbetweendirectportsofloadinganddischarge.3.6Throughbillsoflading(聯(lián)運(yùn)提單)Throughbillsofladingcovershipmentfromortoportsinvolvingtransportbytwoormoreshippingorrailwayscompanies.3.Typesofmarinebillsoflading3.7Cleanbillsoflading（清潔提單）Thecleanbillofladingbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithoutdamages,irregularitiesorshortshipment,usuallytheword“apparentgoodorderandconditionisindicatedontheB/L.3.8Foulbillsoflading（不清潔提單）Foulbilloflading(uncleanbilloflading,dirtybillofladingorclausedbilloflading)istheoppositeofthecleanbilloflading.Itbearsanindicationthatthegoodswerereceivedwithdamages,irregularities（異常）orshortshipment,usuallythewords“uncleanonboard”orthelikeareindicatedontheB/L,forexample,“insufficientpacking”,“missingsafetyseal”and“onecartonshort”.4.DrawingupmarinebillsofladingAbillofladingcontainssomemainelements,suchasquantityofcargo,accuratecargodescriptionandcondition,dateofthebilloflading,namesofshipperandconsignee,portofloadinganddischarging,ship’sname,termsandconditionsofcarriageandpaymentoffreight.提單包含一些主要元素,如貨物數(shù)量,準(zhǔn)確的貨物描述和狀態(tài),日期的提單,托運(yùn)人和收貨人的名稱(chēng),港口裝卸,運(yùn)輸船舶名稱(chēng)、條款和條件和支付運(yùn)費(fèi)。

Themainpartiesonabillofladingareshipper,consignee,notifypartyandcarrier.Theshipper

istheperson,usuallytheexporter,whosendsthegoods.

Consignee

referstothepersonentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.Carrier

isthepersonorcompanywhohasconcludedacontractwiththeshipperforcarriageofgoods.Notifypartyisthepartythatthecarriermustnotifywhenthegoodsarriveattheportofdestination.Thecarrierissuesanarrivalnotice

informingthenotifypartyaboutthecargodischargepoint,numberofpackagesandotherinformation.提單主要涉及的方面有：發(fā)貨人,收貨人,通知方和承運(yùn)方。發(fā)貨人通常是出口商,發(fā)送貨物。收貨人是指有權(quán)提貨的人。承運(yùn)人主要指?jìng)€(gè)人或公司，其與發(fā)貨人訂立貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)暮贤?。通知方?dāng)貨物到達(dá)目的港承運(yùn)人必須通知的人。承運(yùn)人發(fā)出到貨通知，告知通知方卸貨點(diǎn),件數(shù)和其他信息。Itisimportanttodatebillsofladingcorrectly,andasperdateonwhichthecargoisactuallyloaded.Cargoquantityandconditionshouldalsobeadequatelyandcorrectlydescribedinthebillsoflading.提單上的裝運(yùn)日期正確,并使貨物按日期實(shí)際規(guī)定進(jìn)行裝運(yùn)是非常重要的。提單中貨物的數(shù)量和描述也應(yīng)該充分、準(zhǔn)確。Unit7

（一）基本要求了解：TypesofOceanFreightRates熟悉：ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates掌握：Surcharges（二）考試內(nèi)容1.TypesofOceanFreightRates2.ConsiderationforDeterminingtheOceanFreightRates3.SurchargesUnit7Oceanfreightratesmaybebroadlydividedintotrampratesandlinerfreightrates.海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)率可大致分為不定期船運(yùn)費(fèi)率和班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)率。1）Trampratesfluctuatewiththemarketconditionsofsupplyanddemand.不定期船運(yùn)費(fèi)率隨航運(yùn)市場(chǎng)的供求關(guān)系而波動(dòng)。2）Linerfreightratesarefixedbyshippingconferencesandotherlineroperators.Theyarerelatedmoretothecostsofoperationthatremaincomparativelysteadyoveraperiodtime.班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)率由班輪公會(huì)和其他的班輪運(yùn)營(yíng)人確定；他們多與營(yíng)運(yùn)成本密切相關(guān)，在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。Whendeterminingthefreightrate,thecarrierwillalsoconsider:Stowagefactor（積載因素）DistanceTheprincipleof“Whatthetrafficcanbear”.（運(yùn)輸所能承受的原則）

“servicecost”principleTheopenmarketratesCurrencyadjustmentfactorBunkeradjustmentfactor

Portcongestion（擁擠）surchargesContainerfreightCommodityboxrates（包箱費(fèi)率）isalumpsumrate（整比運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)率）forthecarriageofacontainerloadedwithaparticularcommodityFreightallkindsrates（均一費(fèi)率）allcommoditiesarechargedthesamerateforthesamevoyageregardlessoftheirvalueUnit8

MarineCargoInsuranceUnit8MarineCargoInsurance（一）基本要求了解：Principlesofmarinecargoinsurance

熟悉：Insurancepremiumandpolicy掌握：TypesofBasicCoverage,InstituteCargoClause（二）考試內(nèi)容：1.Principleofmarinecargoinsurance.

2.Insurancepremium.3.Insurancepolicy.4.Typesofbasiccoverage5.Institutecargoclause2.InsurancePremium

Thepremiumistheconsiderationwhichtheinsurersreceivefromtheassuredinexchangefortheirundertakingtopaythesuminsuredintheeventinsuredagainst.Thegeneralguidingrateoftheinsurancepremiumis1%oftheamountinsured.Thepremiumratesmayvary,forexample,from0.5%to1.5%ormoreorlessdependingonfactorssuchas:typeofgoods,thecountryanddistanceofdestination,valueofthegoods,modeoftransportation,thetypeofriskscovered,containerorbulkshipmentandtypeofpacking.TheminimumamountinsuredshouldbetheCIFortheCIPvalueofthegoodsplus10%.最低保險(xiǎn)金額應(yīng)CIF或CIP貨物加10%的價(jià)值。3.InsurancePolicyInsurancepolicy

isanevidenceofinsurancecontractissuedbytheinsurerorunderwritertotheassured.Theformatofinsurancepolicyformsvariesfrominsurertoinsurer.Insurancepolicyorcertificate,andendorsement(背書(shū))

arethemainonesusedindailybusiness.

Thepolicymustbeissuedandsignedbyaninsurancecompanyoritsagent.Ifmorethanoneoriginalisissuedandissoindicatedinthepolicy,alltheoriginalsmustbepresentedtothebank,unlessotherwiseauthorizedintheletterofcredit.4.TypesofBasicCoverage4.1FreefromParticularAverage(FPA)平安險(xiǎn)TheriskscoveredinFPAcoveragebasicallymeansthatonlytotalorconstructivetotallossofthewholeconsignmentofcargobutnopartiallossordamageisrecoverablefromtheinsurerresultingfromnaturalcalamities,suchasheavyweather,lightning,tsunami（海嘯）,earthquakeandflood.Totallossorpartiallossisrecoverablefromtheinsurerincurredasaresultofspecificcasualties,e.g.,collision,stranding,sinkingofthevessel.Italsocoversgeneralaverageandsalvagecharges,reasonablecostsincurredbytheassuredinsalvagingthegoodsoravertingorminimizingalossrecoverableunderthepolicy.1.平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)的英文意思為“單獨(dú)海損不賠”。其責(zé)任范圍主要包括：A.被保險(xiǎn)貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害造成的整批貨物的全部損失或推定全損。B.由于運(yùn)輸工具遭受擱淺、觸礁、沉沒(méi)、互撞、與流冰或其他物體碰撞以及失火、爆炸等意外事故造成貨物的全部或部分損失。C.在運(yùn)輸工具已經(jīng)發(fā)生擱淺、觸礁、沉沒(méi)、焚毀等意外事故的情況下，貨物在此前后又在海上遭受惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。D.在裝卸或轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)時(shí)由于一件或數(shù)件整件貨物落海造成的全部或部分損失。E.被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)的貨物采取搶救、防止或減少貨損的措施而支付的合理費(fèi)用，但以不超過(guò)該批被救貨物的保險(xiǎn)金額為限。F.運(yùn)輸工具遭遇海難后，在避難港由于卸貨所引起的損失以及在中途港、避難港由于卸貨、存?zhèn)}以及運(yùn)送貨物所產(chǎn)生的特別費(fèi)用。G.共同海損的犧牲、分?jǐn)偤途戎M(fèi)用。H.運(yùn)輸合同中訂有“船舶互撞責(zé)任”條款，根據(jù)該條款規(guī)定應(yīng)由貨方償還船方的損4.2WithAverage(WA)WAprovideslargercoverthanFPAsincepartiallossanddamageisrecoverablefromtheinsurerresultingfromnaturalcalamities.ThatistheonlydifferencebetweenWAandFPAinPICCOceanMarineCargoClauses.該險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍除平安險(xiǎn)的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任外，還負(fù)責(zé)被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。2.水漬險(xiǎn)ThistypeofcoverageisthemostwidelyusedinthetransportofgeneralcargobecauseitprovidesbettercoveragethanWA/WPAtype.AsidefromtheriskscoveredunderWA/WPAtype,italsoprovidesinsuranceagainstallrisksoflossofordamagetothecargoinsuredarisingfromexternalcausesinthecourseoftransit.TheAllRisksdoesnotcoverrisksof

war,strikeandotherspecialadditionalriskssuchasfailuretodelivery,importduty,ondeck,rejection,aflatoxinetc.Thegeneraladditionalriskssuchastheft,pilferage&non-deliveryrisks,freshwaterand/orraindamagerisks,shortagerisks,intermixtureandcontaminationrisks,leakagerisks,clashandbreakagerisks,taintofodourrisks,sweatandheatingrisks,hookdamagerisks,breakageofpackingrisksandrustrisksarecoveredinAllRiskscoverage.4.3AllRisks該險(xiǎn)除包括水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍外，還負(fù)責(zé)賠償被保險(xiǎn)貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由于外來(lái)原因所致的全部或部分損失；外來(lái)原因指偷竊、提貨不著、淡水雨淋、短量、混雜、玷污、滲漏、串味異味、受潮受熱、包裝破裂、鉤損、碰損破碎、銹損等原因。注意，一切險(xiǎn)是最高險(xiǎn)，責(zé)任范圍最廣。它除了平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任外，還包括保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在運(yùn)輸途中由于外來(lái)原因所造成的全部或部分損失。所謂外來(lái)原因系指一般附加險(xiǎn)所承保的責(zé)任。所以，一切險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上是平安險(xiǎn)、水漬險(xiǎn)和一般附加險(xiǎn)的總和。3.一切險(xiǎn)lossordamagecausedbytheintentionalactorfaultoftheinsured;（造成損失或損害被保險(xiǎn)人的故意行為或錯(cuò)誤;）lossordamagefallingundertheliabilityoftheconsignor;（損失或損害為托運(yùn)人的責(zé)任）lossordamagearisingfromtheinferiorqualityorshortageoftheinsuredgoodspriortotheatta