Unit 5 Using language 課后培優(yōu)練（解析版）

.2UsingLanguage課后培優(yōu)練一、單句語法填空。1．Hisdeparturewastotallyunexpectedand,________consequence,noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：他的離開完全出乎意料，因此沒有安排替補(bǔ)人選。inconsequence為固定短語，意為“因此，結(jié)果”，故填in。2．Groundwateralsocontains________(dissolve)carbondioxidefromtheairandfromtheexchangeofgasesinplantroots.【答案】dissolved【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：地下水也含有溶解了的二氧化碳，這些二氧化碳是從空氣和從植物根系的氣體交換中獲得的。分析句子可知，動(dòng)詞dissolve“（使）溶解”和所修飾的名詞carbondioxide之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用其過去分詞作前置定語。故填dissolved。3．Afterreadingthisbook,youwillhaveaninsatiableappetite________moreofherwork.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：讀了這本書，你會(huì)對(duì)她的更多作品有無法滿足的欲望。appetite常與介詞for搭配，表示“……的欲望/喜愛”。故填for。4．Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,________(wait)fortheirnewteacher.【答案】waiting【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：所有的學(xué)生都坐在教室里，等候著他們的新老師。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語，動(dòng)詞wait與其邏輯主語Allthestudents之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，要用現(xiàn)在分詞。故空格處填waiting。Butterfliesfeed________asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectsalsocollect.【答案】on【解析】考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：蝴蝶以花朵產(chǎn)生的一種甜味液體為食，蜜蜂和其他昆蟲也會(huì)采集這種液體。feedon為固定短語，意為“以……為食”。故填on。6．Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot________(tire)fromwork,Iwillspendsometimejoggingwithmydog.【答案】tired【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：每天晚上晚飯后，如果工作不累，我都會(huì)花時(shí)間帶著我的狗去慢跑分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，ifnot______(tire)fromwork為省略后的條件狀語從句，補(bǔ)充完整后是:ifIamnottiredfromwork，其中betiredfrom意為“因……而疲倦”，當(dāng)條件狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，且有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞。故填tired。7．Duringthelastthreedecadesinthiscountry,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalexercise________(decrease)sharply.【答案】hasdecreased【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：近30年來，這個(gè)國家參加體育鍛煉的人數(shù)大幅度減少。分析句子可知，提示詞decrease是句中謂語動(dòng)詞，由時(shí)間狀語Duringthelastthreedecades可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，“thenumberof+n.”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。故填hasdecreased。8．Chinaprovidesbetterservices________Africanpeoplebytrainingmedicalstaff,publichealthworkersandadministrativepersonnel.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：中國通過培訓(xùn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員、公共衛(wèi)生工作者和行政人員，為非洲人民提供更好的服務(wù)。根據(jù)固定搭配providesth.forsb.（向某人提供某物）可知，空格處填介詞for。9．WithouttheInternet,I________(fail)togainalltheinformationIneedforthisproject.【答案】wouldfail【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果沒有因特網(wǎng)，我就不能獲取我做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目所需的所有信息。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況假設(shè)的虛擬語氣，因此句子謂語用“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。故填wouldfail。10．You’dbettergiveupyournegativethoughtsbecausetheycangrowrapidlyandcausenothing________(improve)yourqualityoflife.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你最好放棄消極的想法，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)迅速滋長，對(duì)提高你的生活質(zhì)量毫無幫助。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知improve在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，代詞nothing后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語，故填toimprove。三、選詞填空（可變換形式，其中有兩項(xiàng)是多余的）relyon,onbehalfof,name...after,resultin,breakdown,takein,beregardedas,preyon,inreturn,thanksto11．TheNASA’sKeplerspacecraft________theGermanastronomerJohannesKeplerandlaunchedin2009.12．Gettingthetwopartiestogetherwillhelpto________thebarriersbetweenthem.13．Youaresupposednotto________yourparentstohelpyousolvealltheproblems.14．SinceinorganicirondestroysvitaminE,thesetwonutrientsshouldnot________together.15．InancientChina,agolddragonontheemperor’sclothes________asymbolofpowerandposition.16．Hemadeaspeech________allthefacultyandstaffmembers.17．Hedevoteshimselftoprotectingthewildlifewithoutexpectinganything________.18．Competitioncanbehealthy,butifitispushedtooharditcan________envy.【答案】11．wasnamedafter12．breakdown13．relyon14．betakenin15．wasregardedas16．onbehalfof17．inreturn18．resultin【解析】11．考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：美國宇航局的開普勒飛船以德國的宇航員約翰內(nèi)斯開普勒命名，在2009年發(fā)射。結(jié)合下文中的launched分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，name…after“以…命名”符合句意，而spacecraft和nameafter之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故答案填wasnamedafter。12．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：把兩個(gè)政黨聚在一起將有助于打破他們之間的隔閡。根據(jù)短語helptodosth“幫助做某事”可知，設(shè)空處缺少動(dòng)詞短語，breakdown“打破”符合句意。故答案填breakdown。13．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：你不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母來幫助你解決所有的問題。根據(jù)短語benotsupposedtodosth“不應(yīng)該做某事”可知，設(shè)空處缺少動(dòng)詞短語，relyon“依靠，指望”符合句意。故答案填relyon。14．考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：因?yàn)闊o機(jī)鐵會(huì)破壞維生素，這兩種營養(yǎng)成分不應(yīng)該一起被攝入。根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞原形可知，此處缺少動(dòng)詞短語，takein“攝入”符合句意，nutrients與takein之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故答案填betakenin。15．考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：在古代中國，皇帝衣服上的金龍被視為權(quán)利和地位的象征。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，陳述過去的事情要使用一般過去時(shí)，結(jié)合句意，regardas“視為”符合句意，dragon和regardas之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，主語agoldendragon為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，故答案填wasregardedas。16．考查介詞短語。句意：他代表全院所有教職工進(jìn)行了演講。結(jié)合句意可知，onbehalfof“代表”符合句意。故答案填onbehalfof。17．考查介詞短語。句意：他致力于保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，沒有期待任何的回報(bào)。結(jié)合句意可知inreturn“回報(bào)”符合句意。故答案填inreturn。18．考查動(dòng)詞短語。句意：競爭是有益的，但是如果過于激烈可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致嫉妒。根據(jù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加動(dòng)詞原形可知，設(shè)空處缺少動(dòng)詞短語，結(jié)合句意resultin“導(dǎo)致”符合句意。故答案填resultin。四、閱讀理解Test1PhillisWheatleywasborninGambia(inAfrica)onMay8,1753anddiedinBostononDecember5,1784.Whenshewassevenoreight,shewassoldasaslavetoJohnandSusannaWheatleyofBoston.ShewasnamedaftertheshipthatbroughthertoAmerica,ThePhillis.Thefamilysupposedthegirl—whowas“sufferingfromachangeofclimate”,with“noothercoveringthanadirtycarpet”—tobe“aboutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofshedding(使脫落)herfrontteeth”.Philliswasveryintelligent.TheWheatleyfamilytaughthertoreadandwrite,andencouragedhertowritepoetry.HerfirstpoemOnMessrs.HusseyandCoffinwaspublishedwhenshewasonlytwelve.In1770,AnElegiacPoem,ontheDeathofThatCelebratedDivine,andEminentServantofJesusChrist,theReverendandLearnedGeorgeWhitefieldmadeherfamous.ItwaspublishedinBoston,Newport,andPhiladelphia.Whenshewaseighteen,PhillisandMrsWheatleytriedtosellacollectioncontainingtwenty-eightofPhillis’poems.Colonists(殖民者)didnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountess(女伯爵)ofHuntingdonforhelp.Thecountesswasawealthysupporteroftheabolition(廢除)ofslavery.PhillishadPoemsonvarioussubjects,religiousandmoralpublishedinEnglandin1773.ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.ShewroteapoemforGeorgeWashingtonin1775,andhepraisedherwork.Theymetin1776.PhillissupportedindependenceforthecoloniesduringtheRevolutionaryWar.Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.ShemarriedJohnPeters,afreeblackman,in1778.Sheandherhusbandlosttwochildren.Johnwasputintoprisonfordebtin1784.PhillisandherremainingchilddiedinDecemberof1784andwereburiedinanunmarkedgrave.PhilliswasthefirstAfricanAmericanandthefirstslaveintheUnitedStatestopublishabook.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnalivingfromherwriting.Phillis’poetryprovedtheabolitionists’ideathatblackscouldbeartisticandintellectual.Herachievementswereusedtosupportagrowingantislaverymovement.1．TheWheatleyfamilyguessedtheageofPhillisby______.A．herweight B．herclothesC．herskincolor D．theconditionofherteeth2．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCountessofHuntingdon______.A．livedonwritingpoemsB．helpedPhillisgetherwritingspublishedC．supportedindependenceforthecoloniesD．feltsurprisedthatPhilliscouldreadandwrite3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Philliswasonly18yearsoldwhenherfirstpoemwaspublished.B．Phillis’firstattemptatsellingherpoetryinAmericawasillegal.C．Phillis’husbandwasputintoprisonfordebtin1778.D．Phillisfinallybecamefreeafterhermasterdied.4．ThelastparagraphismainlyaboutPhillis’______.A．marriage B．a(chǎn)chievementsC．sufferingsasaslave D．fightagainstslavery【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．B【解析】本文是記敘文，講述了第一位出版詩集的美國黑人女詩人菲莉斯·惠特莉的故事。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...tobe‘a(chǎn)boutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofsheddingherfrontteeth.’（“從脫落門牙的情況來看，她大約七歲”。）”可知Wheatley一家是根據(jù)菲莉斯的牙齒狀況看出她正是換牙的年齡，故選D項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ColonistsdidnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountessofHuntingdonforhelp...ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.（殖民者不想買非洲人寫的詩。惠特利夫人寫信給英國，請(qǐng)求亨廷頓伯爵夫人幫助。這本書使菲莉斯在英國和13個(gè)殖民地聲名鵲起。）”可推斷出，在CountessofHuntingdon的幫助下，菲莉斯出版了她的詩集。故選B項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.（她的主人死后，菲莉斯獲得了自由。）”可知，菲莉斯最終獲得自由是在主人去世后。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。最后一段圍繞菲莉斯所取得的成就展開，她證明了黑人和白人一樣也是有藝術(shù)美感的，也是聰明的。她的成功對(duì)廢除奴隸制度產(chǎn)生了推動(dòng)作用。故選B項(xiàng)。Test2Manyofusaredisgustedatspidersorafraidofthem.Wedon'tliketotouchthemorgonearthem,andifweseeoneinourhouse,we'dbetterwatchout.Butdoyouknowthataspider'snaturalcolormayinspireanewshadeofbluetextilesandofferasolutiontotheglareonthescreenofyourphonewhenyou'reoutinthesun?Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍(lán)狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.Ateamofscientists,ledbyBillHsiungfromtheUniversityofAkroninOhio,havebeenstudyingtarantulasforsometime.Blueisararecolorintheanimalkingdom,sotheresearcherssetouttofindtheexactnatureofthisblue.Theyfoundthattheouterbodyofthetarantulaiscoveredwithtinycrystalline(晶體的)structures.Thesetinystructuresactlikeamirrorandwhenlightstrikesthem,theyreflectonlyoneparticularwavelengthoflight-blue.Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe“structuralcolor”.Usually,whencolorsareviewedfromdifferentangles,theyappeardifferentbecauseofhowlightisreflected.Thisisbecauseofaphenomenonknownasiridescence(彩虹色).However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.Scientistshaveknownaboutstructuralcolorsforawhile,buttheyhavenotseenthemusedfordye.Withaclearerunderstandingofhow“structuralcolors”work,scientistscannowcreateapigment(色素)similartothetarantulabluetodyetextilesandotherproducts.Watchoutforthetarantulablue-acolorthatmaysoontakethefashionindustrybystorm!5．Whatisspecialaboutthecobaltbluetarantula?A．Itsbodycolorisunchangeablyblue.B．itslegslookcrystalclearinthesun.C．Itssmellisnaturallydisgusting.D．Itsfurcanbemadeintotextiles.6．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A．Tointroducethetarantula'sbodystructures.B．Toshowthephenomenonofcoloriridescence.C．Toexplaintheprincipleofthestructuralcolor.D．Todiscusstheimportanceofreflectionanglestocolors.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AcolorinspiredbyaspiderB．ThedevelopmentofbluetextilesC．AspiderwithstructuralcolorsdiscoveredD．Thecobaltbluetarantula-ararespecies【答案】5．A6．C7．A【解析】這是一篇說明文。講述了科學(xué)家觀察到鈷藍(lán)狼蛛的身體藍(lán)色的特殊性，受到啟發(fā)，然后可以創(chuàng)造出類似的顏色。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍(lán)狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.(這個(gè)顏色是藍(lán)色的，靈感來自鈷藍(lán)狼蛛——一種原產(chǎn)于東南亞熱帶雨林的蜘蛛。觀察這只八條腿的毛茸茸的蜘蛛的科學(xué)家們感到驚訝的是，即使從不同的角度觀察，它的顏色也沒有任何變化。)”可知，鈷藍(lán)狼蛛的身體藍(lán)色是不變的。故選A項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.(然而，狼蛛產(chǎn)生的藍(lán)色從各個(gè)角度來看都是一樣的?？茖W(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，是狼蛛身體上微小的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)以花的形狀排列，減少了彩虹色。)”，結(jié)合第三段結(jié)尾“Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe‘structuralcolor’.(這種自然色被稱為“結(jié)構(gòu)色”。)”可知，第四段主要目的是解釋結(jié)構(gòu)色的原理。故選C項(xiàng)。7．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍(lán)狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.(這個(gè)顏色是藍(lán)色的，靈感來自鈷藍(lán)狼蛛——一種原產(chǎn)于東南亞熱帶雨林的蜘蛛。)”可知，本文主要講述了科學(xué)家觀察到鈷藍(lán)狼蛛的身體藍(lán)色的特殊性，受到啟發(fā)，產(chǎn)生靈感，然后可以創(chuàng)造出類似的顏色。A項(xiàng)“靈感來自蜘蛛的顏色”符合本文主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。五、閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asimplebadge(徽章)isplayinganimportantroleinhelpinglostseniorsreturnhome.ByscanningaQRcodeonaplasticbadge,anyonewithasmartphonecanreachtheperson’semergencycontact____8____(immediate).“It’sefficientand____9____(save)effort,”saidLiCaoliang,headoftheLeiFengpolicestationinFushun,Liaoningprovince.TheideacametoLiandhis____10____(colleague)fouryearsagowhendealingwithmorethan200lostseniorsinayear.Someoftheoldpeoplegotlostbecausetheyhadillnessessuchasmemory____11____(lose)orAlzheimer’s.Theycouldn’ttelltheiridentity,addressorphonenumber.Sometimes,theofficershadtospendhours____12____(try)tofigureoutwhotocallfromvaguedescriptionsbythelostseniors.Insomecases,thelostseniorshadtostayovernightatthestationbeforetheirfamilies____13____(contact).Thenumberoflostseniorshasdroppedtoaround30ayearsince____14____thepolicedevelopedcameintouse.Chinahas264millionoldpeople,accounting____15____18.7percentofitspopulationaccordingtoitsseventhpopulationcensus____16____(conduct)lastyear.WangJiajuan,_____17_____haslongfocusedonimprovingpublicservicesforanagingsociety,saystheinnovativeQRcodeIDhelpsguaranteethetravelsafetyofseniors.【答案】8．immediately9．saves10．colleagues11．loss12．trying13．werecontacted14．what15．for16．conducted17．who【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種能夠幫助迷路老人回家的徽章，人們通過掃描塑料徽章上的二維碼，可以立即通過智能手機(jī)聯(lián)系到此人的緊急聯(lián)系人。8．考查副詞。句意：通過掃描塑料徽章上的二維碼，任何擁有智能手機(jī)的人都可以立即聯(lián)系到此人的緊急聯(lián)系人。修飾動(dòng)詞reach，應(yīng)用副詞。故填immediately。9．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“這樣做既高效又省力，”遼寧省撫順市雷鋒派出所負(fù)責(zé)人李曹良說。根據(jù)前文It’s可知，此處描述現(xiàn)在狀況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語為It，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填saves。10．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：四年前，當(dāng)李和他的同事在一年內(nèi)處理200多名失蹤老人時(shí)，他們產(chǎn)生了這個(gè)想法。根據(jù)句意可知，“他的同事”是復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填colleagues。11．考查名詞。句意：一些老年人迷路是因?yàn)樗麄兓加兄T如記憶力喪失或老年癡呆癥之類的疾病。根據(jù)前文suchas可知，此處應(yīng)用lose的名詞loss作介詞賓語，memoryloss“失憶”是固定短語。故填loss。12．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：有時(shí)，警官們不得不花幾個(gè)小時(shí)試著從迷路的老人們模糊的描述中找出該給誰打電話。spend…(in)doingsth“花費(fèi)……做某事”是固定搭配。故填trying。13．考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在某些情況下，迷路的老人不得不在他們的家人聯(lián)系之前在車站過夜。根據(jù)前文had可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞contact和主語families之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)，主謂一致，故填werecontacted。14．考查主語從句。句意：自從警方發(fā)明的東西投入使用以來，失蹤老人的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降到每年30人左右。分析句子可知，since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，作時(shí)間狀語從句的主語，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中作賓語，意為“警方發(fā)明的東西”。故填what。15．考查介詞。句意：根據(jù)去年進(jìn)行的第七次人口普查，中國有2.64億老年人，占人口的18.7%。accountfor“（數(shù)量、比例上）占”是固定搭配。故填for。16．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：根據(jù)去年進(jìn)行的第七次人口普查，中國有2.64億老年人，占人口的18.7%。非謂語動(dòng)詞conduct和所修飾的名詞populationcensus之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作后置定語。故填conducted。17．考查定語從句。句意：長期致力于為老齡化社會(huì)改善公共服務(wù)的WangJiajuan表示，創(chuàng)新型二維碼有助于保障老年人的出行安全。分析句子可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為WangJiajuan，關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中作主語，指人，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞wh