Unit1 Starting out and Using language 詞匯精講課堂

詞匯課堂版本：新外研單元：選擇性必修一Unit1(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本單元詞匯梳理1.mood詞塊：inagood/badmood,be/feelinthe/nomoodforsth/todosth2.circus詞源義是“圓形場地”，與circle（圓形）同源。詞源故事：現(xiàn)代馬戲起源于英國。1768年，英國退役軍人PhilipAstley在倫敦開辦了一家騎術(shù)學(xué)校，上午傳授騎術(shù)，下午表演各種驚人的馬上技巧。表演場地就是學(xué)校里的一塊圓形競技場，叫作circus。后來，表演騎術(shù)的雜技人員都借鑒了PhilipAstley的做法，在特別設(shè)計的圓形場地中表演騎術(shù)。慢慢地，circus的含義從“供馬術(shù)表演的場地”變成了“馬術(shù)表演”和“馬戲團(tuán)”。3.amusementamuse+ment詞塊：anamusementpark,with/inamusement4.curlycurl+-y反義詞：straight5.entertain詞塊：entertainsbwithsth派生詞：entertainment6.examine同族詞：exam,examination,

examine,

examinee,

examiner7.advertisementadvertise+-ment縮寫形式（截短詞）為ad，是非正式用語同族詞：advertise,advertising,advertisement,advertiser8.employeremploy+-er注意與employee的區(qū)別同族詞：employ,employee,employer,employment,unemployed,unemployment9.essential近義詞：vital詞塊：itisessentialforsbtodosth;itisessentialthat…(should)dosth派生詞：essentially10.impressim-(in-向內(nèi))+press(按壓)→向內(nèi)壓派生詞：impressed,impression,impressive詞塊：impresssbwith/bysth;impresssthon/uponsb11.deservede-(表示強調(diào))+serve(服務(wù))→原指服務(wù)所應(yīng)得的報酬詞塊：deservesth,deservetodosth,deservetobedone/deservedoingsth12.laughingstocklaughingstock笑柄；laughingstock=joke在中世紀(jì)的英格蘭，如果進(jìn)行小偷小摸或其它惡劣破壞行為等的人被抓住，人們常常會用類似中國“木枷”的刑具來處罰或捉弄犯錯的人。民眾們免不了會對犯錯的人進(jìn)行譴責(zé)和譏諷。（stock本意是樹干，理解做用木頭制作的固定裝置）。13.practicaljoke惡作劇“practical”源于名詞“practice”，在這里更側(cè)重于行動，與“verbaljoke”（耍嘴皮子式的玩笑）相對應(yīng)?！皃racticaljoke”更需要開玩笑的人多費些心思，使玩笑更高明一點。在文學(xué)界或?qū)W術(shù)界，作家們喜歡耍筆墨費心思，模仿某一位自己不認(rèn)同的對手的文字或觀點，這是一種“practicaljoke”。重難點詞精講mood精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義英語釋義deserve英語釋義搭配義impress一詞多義詞族essentialamusemententertain英語釋義詞族搭配義辨析義截短詞mood情緒好/壞inagood/badmoodmoodn[C]

情緒；心情：inagood/badmood:Havingbeenpunishedbyhisteacher,hewasinaverybadmood.Lookingatgreen,growingthingscanput

peopleinto/inabettermood.2019全國改①be/feelinthe/nomoodforsth:Iwasinnomoodforajoke.②be/feelinthe/nomoodtodosth:I’mnotinthemoodtotalkaboutitnow.

［單數(shù)］氣氛；氛圍：There’snothinglikecandlelightforcreatingaromanticmood.

［語法］（動詞的）語氣mood

意為“情緒”(thewaysbfeelsataparticulartime)，指人某一時刻的情緒，通常和in搭配。LeaveDadaloneforawhile.He’sinaverybadmood.emotion意為“情感”(astrongfeelingsuchaslove,hate,anger,etc.)，表示個體強烈的感情或情感，是情緒的外在表現(xiàn)形式。Theemotionwassointensethatshespentmostofthemovieintears.spirit

意為“情緒”時要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，(thewayyouarefeeling,forexamplewhetheryouarehappyorsad)。Itwasthelastdayoftermandeveryonewasinhighspirits.辨析：mood,emotion,spiritamusement“游樂場”用英文如何表達(dá)？anamusementparkamusementn[U]歡樂；娛樂[C]［常用復(fù)數(shù)］娛樂活動：anamusementparkwith/inamusementBigcitieshavemanyamusements.amuse+-mentamusevt給……提供娛樂/消遣(entertain)；逗……樂：Thechildrenamusedthemselvesbyplayinghide-and-seekgames.【詞匯拓展】?amusingadj

逗樂的；有趣的?amusedadj

好玩的；愉快的；開心的：Wewereallamusedat/byhisstories.Playingwithwatercankeepchildrenamusedforhours.【同族詞】amuse,amusing,amused,amusemententertain華納兄弟娛樂公司(WarnerBros.Entertainment,Inc.)，簡稱華納兄弟或華納，成立于1918年，是全球最大的電影和電視娛樂制作公司之一。華納兄弟影業(yè)著名的作品有《蝙蝠俠》系列、《超人》系列、《黑客帝國》系列、《哈利波特》系列、《指環(huán)王》系列、《霍比特人》系列、《地心引力》《盜夢空間》還有《星際穿越》以及2016年上映的《蝙蝠俠大戰(zhàn)超人》。而截至2011年其出品的《哈利·波特》系列電影在全球范圍內(nèi)票房收入已經(jīng)超過74億美元，穩(wěn)居全球“最賺錢”電影系列。entertainvi&vt

招待；款待：Idon’tentertainveryoften.It’seasiertomakeafeastthantogetthegueststocome,andgetthegueststocomethanentertainthemproperly.

使歡樂；給……娛樂：Heentertaineduswithhisstoriesandjokes.Amuseumshouldaimtoentertainaswellaseducate.?entertainern[C]表演者；藝人?entertainingadj

使人愉快的；有趣的n

[U]&[C]娛樂；娛樂節(jié)目/活動：theentertainmentbusiness/worldIthinkwatchingTVisnotjustforentertainment.Thisseason’sentertainmentsincludefivenewplaysandseveralconcerts.

[U]［正式用語］招待；款待：Shewasbusywiththeentertainmentoftheguests.entertainmententertain(娛樂；款待)+-mentessential古代希臘哲學(xué)家認(rèn)為世間除了常見的水、火、土、氣等四種物質(zhì)外，還存在第五種物質(zhì)(quintaessential)，第五種物質(zhì)是萬物之精華，彌漫在所有其他物質(zhì)中，是將四種物質(zhì)有機組合的最重要因素。essential詞源義為“本質(zhì)的”。essentialadjR3必不可少的；最重要的extremelyimportantandnecessary

(vital)

；本質(zhì)的:Sunandwateris/areessentialto

thegrowthofcrops.Thewordsareessentialfor

everybodytolearnEnglish.①itisessential+that...(should)dosth:ItisessentialthatyougetavisabeforeyoutraveltotheUSA.②itisessentialforsbtodosth:Itisessentialforhigh-newtechnologyenterprisestostrengthencompetitivepower.【詞匯拓展】essentiallyadv本質(zhì)上；根本上

(basically)impressimpress看圖猜詞??；蓋（印）于

?。簧w（?。┯?/p>

[不用于進(jìn)行時]給……留下極深的印象；使欽佩tomakesbfeeladmirationandrespect：Itimpressedmethatherememberedmyname.impresssbwith/bysth:Onecandidateinparticularimpresseduswithherknowledge.

[正式用語]使意識到totrytomakesbunderstandhowimportantsthis：TheteacherimpressedtheimportanceofEnglishon/uponme.impressvt

impress由兩部分組成，前綴im-(in-)“向內(nèi)”+press“按；壓”?；玖x為“向內(nèi)壓”。詞源解讀impress語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖向內(nèi)壓impress基本義“向內(nèi)壓”到某物體表面上

印；蓋（印）于

使意識到“向思想里壓”的結(jié)果程度遞進(jìn)“向內(nèi)壓”到思想里

給……留下極深的印象；使欽佩impressimpressionimpressionistimpressionismimpressivelyimpressedimpressiveimpress同族詞【詞匯拓展】impressiveadj

給人深刻印象的；令人欽佩的：（對……）印象深刻的/欽佩的：(be)impressedwith/by:impressedadjTheteachersweredeeplyimpressedbyyourperformanceintheexam.Shewasveryimpressiveintheinterview.impressionn[C]

印記；壓痕

印象；感覺：Heleft/madeadeepimpressiononme./Heleftmewithadeepimpression.2015江蘇改Ihadtheimpression(that)wehadmetbefore.?impressionistn[C]印象派藝術(shù)家press詞根記詞匯pressv

壓impressv蓋印；使留下深刻印象

（im-向內(nèi)+press→向內(nèi)壓→蓋印→

印入頭腦→使留下深刻印象）expressv表達(dá)；特快

（ex-向外+press→思想向外壓→表達(dá)）depressv

壓下；使沮喪

（de-向下+press→向下壓→使情緒低下）pressure

n

壓力

（press+-ure行為的結(jié)果→壓的結(jié)果→壓力）deserveYoudeserveit!這是你應(yīng)得的！vt[不用于進(jìn)行時]應(yīng)受；值得toearnsth,eithergoodorbad,becauseofsththatyouhavedone：Youdeserve

arestafterallthathardwork.Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserveconsideration.2008江蘇改deserve①deservetodosth:Shedeservestosucceed.②deservedoing/deservetobedone：He’saresponsiblewriter,andhedeservesrespecting/toberespected.doing在此是主動形式表示被動意義de-(表示強調(diào))+serve(服務(wù))→原指服務(wù)所應(yīng)得的報酬【詞匯拓展】?deservedadj

理所應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)?；?yīng)得的：awell-deservedrest?deservingadj

值得……的：anissuedeservingofattentionthedeservingpoor截短詞：用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~完成表格。漢語釋義原詞截短詞廣告ad/advert流行性感冒influenza實驗室laboratory出租車taxicab飛機aeroplane狂熱愛好者fanatic照片photo數(shù)學(xué)mathematics地震quake冰箱refrigeratoradvertisementphotograph

earthquake

flulabtaxiplane

fanmath/mathsfridge截短法（clipping）是指將一個較長的單詞截短用以構(gòu)成新詞的方法。截取原詞的某一部分而將剩余的部分作為新詞來使用。主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。截短詞中的大多數(shù)通常用于非正式或日常的談話和寫作中。本單元金句匯總1.Havingbeenpunishedbyhisteacher,hewasinaverybadmood.2.Heentertaineduswithhisstoriesandjokes.3.Sunandwateris/areessentialto

thegrowthofcrops.4.TheteacherimpressedtheimportanceofEnglishon/uponme.5.Heleft/madeadeepimpressiononme./Heleftmewithadeepimpression.2015江蘇改隨堂檢測一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1.I’mjustnotinthemoodforaparty

tonight.___________2.Don’ttalktoher.She’sinoneofhermoods.___________

3.Themoodofthemeetingwasextremelypessimistic.___________二、根據(jù)所給詞塊，將下列句子譯成英語。

1.下雨天總是讓大家感到心情壓抑。(putsbina...mood)_______________________________________________________2.考試成績不好，她沒有心情出去玩。(beinnomoodtodosth)_______________________________________________________沒心情參加聚會mood鬧情緒氣氛Rainydaysalwaysputeverybodyinadepressedmood.Sheis/wasinnomoodtogoout(toplay)becauseofherbad/poorexamresults.amusement一、在空白處填入單詞amuse的正確形式。1.Hisstorieskeptthewholetable______________.2.Hestoppedandwatchedwith______________toseethechildsoabsorbed.二、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1.Haveyoueverbeento_____________________（游樂場）?2.Ineedto_______________（自娛自樂）soIwon’tkeepthinkingaboutthings.3.____________________（使我感到好笑的是）hecouldn’tgetthedooropen.anamusementparkamusementamusedTomyamusementamusemyselfentertain一、在空白處填入單詞entertain的正確形式。1.He’sapopulartelevision____________.2.Thisareaisoftenusedfor______________suchasconcerts,gamesorTVwatching.（2014天津）3.Petsare______________,butweareinawaydoinganimalsharmbymakingthemliveinahumanenvironment.（2013陜西改）二、根據(jù)所給提示，將下列句子譯成英語。博物館的目的應(yīng)該是娛樂與教育并重。(aimv,entertain)________________________________________________________Amuseumshouldaimtoentertainaswellaseducate.entertainerentertainmententertainingessential將下列句子譯成英語。1.均衡的飲食對于健康至關(guān)重要。___________________________________________2.我們必須馬上作出決定。___________________________________________3.提前預(yù)定是有必要的。___________________________________________

Abalanceddietisessentialforgoodhealth.

Itisessentialthatwemakeadecisionsoon.Itisessentialtobookinadvance.1.Ithinkwhat_____________(impress)meabouthispaintingisthecolorsheuses.（2014

天津）2.Whatwasso_____________(impress)aboutJasmineWestland’svictorywasthatshecamefirstinthemarathonbare-footed.（2014

湖北）3.Myfirst_____________(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.（2012

山東改）4.Williamswasimpressed__________Benjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.（2017

浙江）impress一、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

impressive

impressionimpresses

with/by二、根據(jù)所給提示，翻譯下列句子。最讓我印象深刻的是他的名言，“天才是百分之一的靈感加上百分之九十九的汗水?！?impress/impressed)（2008湖南）__________________________________________________ishisfamoussaying,“Geniusisonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration”.

她的勇氣和對成功