自考國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案及詳解

purchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequipir.g

一、internationalbusinessbeforehandingi(overtothelatteruponcompletion.

Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?PleasetellthedifferencebetweenForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingit

internationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.upbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.

I.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionsbetweenpartiesfromdiffientcountries.Makingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifference

TherearefourmajordiflrencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject.

business:

1)differencesinlegalsystemFranchise:anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanother

2)differencesincurrenciespermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanuraclurcorselltheproductsincertainarea.

3)differencesincuturalbackgroundRoyalty:moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightfrpermissiontopublishcopyrig：it

4)differencesinnaturalandeconomicconditionsmaterialandtotheownerofapatentfbrpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu,at2n

Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisagreedpercentageof(hesellingpriceoftheproduct.

becomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsfbranincreasingproportioninPatent:aspecialrighttoanirventortobe(heonlypersontomakeand“H,orco

internationaltrade?authorizeotherstomakeandsellancwly-invcntcdmachineorprocess.

2.Commoditytrade,i.eexportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedNon-tariffharries:allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeother

inonecountryfbrconsumptionorresaleinanother.Thiskindcftradeisalso(hantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

referredtovisibletrade.Invisibletradeisintheformoftransportation,Portfolio:theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,or

communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.Invisibletradeiscertificateofdepositsfbrpurposesother(hancontrolling.

becomingmereandmoreimportantandaccountsfbranincreasingproportioninTurnkeyproject:oneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractpric^.

international:rade.。rnmplpfpprndnrfrpndyfhrIIW?,?mehnsnnewhnnip,grlcry,*;hip,Ptr

Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoreisofinternationalinvestment.WhatistheirBudget:anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,

majordifTercncc?usu.ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarragements.

3.ForeigndirectinvestmentsorFDIforshortismadeforreturnsthroughReturn:thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesale

controllingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcoumry.oftheinvestment.

Portfolioinvestmentrefers(opurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsfbrapurposeExpertise:expertknowledgeorskill,esp.inaparticularfield;know-how

otherthancontrolling.Licensor:apersonorcompanygrantingalicence

Whatislicensing?Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasmeansofenteringa

foreignmarket?l.國(guó)際貿(mào)易一般指不同國(guó)家的當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行的交易，它涉及到許多因素，因而比國(guó)

4.Inlicensing,afirmlea隧stherighttouseitsintelleciualpropertytoafirmin內(nèi)貿(mào)易要電雜得多。

anothercountry.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries,it

Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonotwanttomakecashpaymentstostartinvolesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.

business,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,(heycan2.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展，很少人和公司畿完全獨(dú)立于國(guó)際商務(wù)之外而存在。

benefitfromlocationaladvantegesofforeignoperationwithoutan》obligationsin因此，在此方面具有一定的知識(shí)是十分必要的，這既有益于企業(yè)的發(fā)展乂有益于

ownershipormanagement.個(gè)人的進(jìn)步.

Whatisfranchising?Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationkfewpeopleorcompaniesctn

5.Underfranchising,afim.calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenamecompletelystayawayforminternationalbusiness.Someknowledgeinthisrespectis

ofanother,cdledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtraccmarks.brandnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.

name,logos,andoperatingtechniquesfbrroyalty.3.其他參與國(guó)際貿(mào)易的形式有管理合同、承包生產(chǎn)和“交鑰匙”工程。

Incomparisijnwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,theOtherformsforpaticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contract

franchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.manufaturingandturnkeyproject.

Whatisamanagementcontract?Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?4.國(guó)際貿(mào)易最初以商品貿(mào)易的形式出現(xiàn)，即在一國(guó)生產(chǎn)或制造商品而出口或進(jìn)口

6.Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorother到另一國(guó)進(jìn)行消費(fèi)或轉(zhuǎn)告。

specializedsendeestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodtoraflatpaymentoraInternationalbusinessfirsttookthefonnofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingar.d

percentageoftherelevantbusinessvolum.importinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforsonsumplionorresalein

Whenagovenmentforbidstbreignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstoanother.

beofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertisefbroperation,management5.除了國(guó)際貿(mào)易和投資，國(guó)際許可和特許經(jīng)營(yíng)有時(shí)也是進(jìn)入國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的一種方式。

contractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanycooperateintheBesidestradeandinvestmentlicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameans

industrywithoutowning(heassets.ofenteringaforeignmarket.

Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?InwhatwayisitsvariantHOTdifferent

fromit?

7.Foranintcrantionalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeign

二、incomelevelandtheworldmarketPercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichis

importantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.

ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajor

difTerence.Canweusetheminterchaeably?Waschinaalow-incomecountryafewyearsago?Howaboutnow?

5.Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$1100isamiddle-incomecountrythough

1.GNPreferstotliemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedtytheproperty

itwasalowincomecountyjustafewyearsago.

andlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

GDBmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithintheWhattheterm"Truid”referto?WhatismeanttyQuad?

6.ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworldtheUnitedStates,

geographicaicaofaneconomy.

theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusiness

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPisthattheformerfocusesonownershipof

opportunities.

(hefactorsofproductionwhilethelatterconcentratesontheplacewhere

SomepeopleextendthescopeofTriadtoincludeCanadaandnamethe

productionta<csplace.

broadenedgroupingQuad.

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPcanbeignoredsinceitisverysmallin

mostcases,sowccanusetheminterchangeably.WhatisthebestpolicyforChinatodevelopbusinessopportunites?

8.Thebestpolicyistodevelopbusinessopportunitieswhereveradvantageouswhile

Whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlowincomecountries

keepinginmindthekeymarkets.

accordingtotheWorldBank?Citesomeexaplesforeachgroup.

2.Thoseenjoyingannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andaboveareclassifiedas

Tap:lotakewhatisneededform,toexploit

high-incomecountries.Thisgroupcomprisesthreetypesofcountries.

a)mostmembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandPPP:purchasintpowerparity

Consumerism:considerableduirctomakepurchaseforconsumption

Deve.opnient(OECD)

b)richoilproducingcontricsofthemiddlecast(Kuwait.SaudiArabia.Recipient:apersonoranorganizationetc.thatreceivessomething

Prurh^cingpnwor-nfpnhlir,havingthemnn^y(nhnygoodsand

UiiiltxlArabEniii<iies).

Average:ofanordinary,commonorusualkindinqualityoramount

c)Small-industrializedcounlriesorregionssuchasIsrael,Singapore,Hong

KongandTaiwan.Spur:tourgeorencourage

Productive:producinginhighefficiencyorinlargequantity

CountriesHlhannualpercapitaincomebelow$9386butabove$765are

regardedasmiddle-incomecountries.Assess:tojudgeanamountorvalue

Infrastructure:large-scalepublicservices,suchaswalerandpowersupplies,road,rail

1)mostEastEuropeancountriesandmostmembersoftheCommonwealthof

IndependentStates,sixOECDmcmbcrs.(Czcch.Greece.Hungary.Mexico.andradiocommunications,etc.neededtosupporteconomicactivity,esp.industry。

Turkey)tradeandcommerce

2)quiteinumberofLatinAmericancountriesandsomecomparatively

developedcountriesinAsia.(Indonesia.Malaysia,thePhilippines.國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值是表明?國(guó)收入的兩個(gè)重要概念.區(qū)別在于前者強(qiáng)

Thailand)調(diào)的是生產(chǎn)要素的所屬權(quán)而后者若甫于進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)的國(guó)家。

GNPandGDParetwoimportantconceptsusedtoindicateacountry'stotalincome.

3)AmongtheAfricancountries.SouthAfricaandoil-producingLibya,

NigeriaandAlgeria.ThedifferencebetweenGNDandGDPis(hattheformerfocusesonownershipofthe

LowerinconccountriesarethosethathavepercapitaincomesofonlyS765orfactorsofproductionwhiletheatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakes

evenless.place.

1)MostAfricancontrics,someAsiancountriesandafewLatinAmerican要估評(píng)某一市場(chǎng)的潛力，人們往往要分析其收入水平，因?yàn)樗鼮槟抢锞用竦馁?gòu)買

countries.力高低提供了線索。

Inassessingthepotentialofamarket,peopleoftenlookatitsincomelevelsinceit

WhyarehighincomecountriesimportanttotradeandInvestment?Shouldwe

providescluesaboutthepruchasingpowerofitsresidents.

neglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness?

3.High-inconiecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,世界各國(guó)被世界銀行分為三大然域：高收入國(guó)家，中等收入國(guó)家和低收入國(guó)家。

CountriesoftheworldarcdividedbytheWorldBankintothreecategoriesof

advancedtccinology.cfficictmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortrade

high-income,middle-incomeandlow-inconieeconomies.

andinvesimei)t.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandare

bothattractivesourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.中國(guó)現(xiàn)在的年人均收入為1100美元以上，但幾年前它還是個(gè)低收入國(guó)家。

Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$11(X)isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwas

Weshouldnotneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness,becausethey

alowincomecounlr}'justafewyearsago.

constitutemarketsforlower-pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandarcoftenrich

inresources.Whalismoreimportant,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.Once就中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō).周圍還有其他應(yīng)特別關(guān)注的市場(chǎng)，如亞洲四小虎、東盟國(guó)家、俄羅

lapped,(hebusinesspotentialofthesecounlrieswillonedaybecomerealbusiness斯等國(guó)，這些國(guó)家都具有前景看好的市場(chǎng)潛力，能為中國(guó)提供很好的商機(jī)，

SofarasChinaisconcerned,othermarketsweshouldpaypanicularattentiontoare

opportunities.

InwhutdifferentwaysurcCDPundpercupitaincomesignificantinassessingthe(hosearoundus:theFourTigers,(heASEANcountries,Russia,India,andabitfarther

awayAustralia.

potentialofaparticularmarket?

4.TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomywhichisimponantinmarket

assessmentfordurablecxjuipincntorbulkgoodssuchasgrain,steel,orcement.

三、reginaleconomicintegration''inter-dependence,mutualbenefits,adheringtoanopenandmultilateraltradirg

systemandreductionofregionaltradebarriers^.

1.Whatisafreetradearea?Makeabriefaccountofthemostnotablefree

tradeareaintheworld.APECco-operationconcentratesontradeandinvestmentliberationard

Membersofafreetradearearemovesharriesto(heflowofgoodsandservicesfacilitation(TILF)andeconomicandtechnicalcooperation(ECOTECH)thatare

M

amongthemselveswhileeachmemberstilladoptsitsownpolicyasregardstocommonlytermedas“IhcIwowheelsofApcc.

tradewithoutsiders.8.WhatarcthenatureandobjectivesofOPEC?

ThemoslnotablefreetradeareaistheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreementThenatureofOPECisacommoditycartel.

(NAFTA),thelargestfreemarketformedbytheUnitedStates.Byassigningproductionquotasamongitsmembers,OPECtriedtolimitthe

overallcrudeoilsupplyoftheworldforthepurposeofmaintaininghigherciI

2.Inwhatwayisacustomsuniondifferentfromafreetradearea?

CustomsUnionthatgoesastepfurtherbyadoptingthesametradepolicyforal)prices.

(hememberstowardcountriesoutsidetheirorganizationinadditiontoabolishing

tradebarriersamongthemselves.Veto:righttorejectorforbidsomething

3.Whatarethecharacteristicsoracommonmarket?WhichorganizationDetour:routethatavoidsablockedroad,deviation

remainedacommonmarketforsomeyearsinthepast?Erode:wearaway,catinto

BesidesfreemovementofgoodsandservicesandadoptionofcommonexternalIntegration:combingintoawhole

tradepolicy,factorsofproductionsuchaslabor,capitalandtechrologyarefreeLiberalization:oftrade,ihcactofgovernmentinliftingcontrolsoverimportsard

tomoveamongmemberssothattheycanbeutilizedinamoreefficientandexports

productiveway.Tariff:(axleviedbythecustoms

Inthepast,theEuropeanCommunityremainedacommonmarketforsomeyears.Envisage:picture(anevent,action.etc)inthemindasafuturepossibility;imagine

4.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutaneconomicunion?CanmembersoranR^nknnto*printpdp^permnn^yiwsii.lhyAbnnk.IKIIThprminfry\renrmlhnnk

economicunionkeepalloftheirnationalsovereignty?Mobility:capacitythatcanmoveorbemovedeasilyandquicklyfromplacetoplace

EconomicunionischaracterizedbyintegrationofthedomesticpoliciesofitsBarriertotrade:anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoods

membersinrespectofeconomy,financeetc.inadditiontoabsenceoftradeinandoutofitscountry

barriers,practiceofcommonexternalpolicyandfreeproductionfactormobility.

過(guò)去的幾卜年，地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化越來(lái)越里要。

Themembercountriesofaneconomicunionarerequired(osurrendersoineof1.

theirnationalsovereignty.Thepastdecadeswitnessedincreasinglygrowingimportanceofregional

economicintegration.

5.WhatisthemostpowerfulinstitutionoftheEU?Whatistheexecutivebody

2.最著名的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)是北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，它是由美國(guó)、加拿大和墨西哥干

oftheEU?Howdoesitoperate?

年建立的。

ThemoslPowerfulinstitutionoftheEUistheCouncilofMinivers.Ithasthe1991

finalsayonallimportantmatters.DecisionsofthecouncilaremadebyvexesThemostnotablefreetradeareaistheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement

allocatedtomembercountriesonthebasisoftheirsize.Differentministersattend(NAFTA),itwasformedbytheUnitedStates,CanadaandMexicoin1991.

經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟的成員國(guó)不僅要在桎收、政府開支、企業(yè)策略等方面保持一致，而

(hecouncilmeetingsdependingonthemattersdiscussed.3.

且還應(yīng)使用同一的貨幣。

ItsexecutivebodyistheEuropeanCommisioncomposedof20commissioncrs

overseeing23departmentsinchargeofdifferentafiairs.ThemembersofanEconomicUnionarerequirednotonlytoharmonizetheir

6.ExplainbrieflythefivelayerorganizationalstructureofAsia-Pacifictaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypolicies,etc.,butalsousethesame

EconomicCooperation.currency.

4.歐洲委員會(huì)是歐盟的管理機(jī)構(gòu)之一，此機(jī)構(gòu)將提議呈交給部長(zhǎng)理事會(huì)做決

l)ThcfirstistheInformalMeetingofEconomicleadersheldannuully.