【亞洲生產(chǎn)力組織APO】2024過(guò)度旅游治理短期與長(zhǎng)期策略研究報(bào)告

AsianProductivityisanthatproductivityasaenablersocioeconomicandenterpriseItproductivityandmethodologies;supportstheNationalProductivityofitsmembers;conductsonproductivitytrends;andproductivitydata.APOwasestablishedin196121members.APOMembersBangladesh,RepublicofHongIndia,Indonesia,IslamicRepublicofIran,Japan,RepublicofLaoPDR,Mongolia,Pakistan,SriLanka,andOvertourism:PotentialShort-andLong-TermSolutionsAPRIL2024|ASIANPRODUCTIVITYORGANIZATIONPRODUCTIVITYINSIGHTSVol.4-6Overtourism:PotentialShort-andLong-termSolutionsAlanwrotethispublication.FirsteditionpublishedinJapanbytheAsianProductivityOrganization1-24-1Hongo,Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-0033,Japan?2024AsianProductivityOrganizationTheviewsexpressedinthispublicationdonotnecessarilyreflecttheofficialviewsoftheAsianProductivityOrganization(APO)oranyAPOAllrightsreserved.Noneofthecontentsofthispublicationmaybeused,reproduced,stored,ortransferredinanyformorbyanymeansforcommercialpurposeswithoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromtheAPO.DesignedbyConvertToCurvesMediaCONTENTSPREFACE VINTRODUCTION 1STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIES 2Strategy1:PromotetheDispersalofVisitorswithintheCityandBeyond 2Strategy2:PromoteTime-basedDispersalofVisitors 3Strategy3:StimulateNewVisitorItinerariesandAttractions 4Strategy4:ReviewandAdaptRegulations 5Strategy5:EnhanceVisitorSegmentation 6Strategy6:EnsureLocalCommunitiesBenefitfromTourism 7Strategy7:CreateCityExperiencesThatBenefitBothResidentsandVisitors 7Strategy8:ImproveCityInfrastructureandFacilities 8Strategy9:CommunicatewithandEngageLocalStakeholders 9Strategy10:CommunicatewithandEngageVisitors 10Strategy11:SetMonitoringandResponseMeasures 10OTHERSTRATEGIESTOMANAGEOVERTOURISM OvertourismandEcotourism 11OvertourismandTourism12OvertourismandTechnology 12OvertourismandEducation 13CONCLUSION 14REFERENCES 15LISTOFTABLES 18LISTOFFIGURES 18ABOUTTHEAUTHOR 19IV|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSPREFACETheP-Insights,shortfor“ProductivityInsights,”isanextensionoftheProductivityTalk(P-Talk)series,whichisaflagshipprogramundertheAPOSecretariat’sdigitalinformationinitiative.BornoutofbothnecessityandcreativityundertheprolongedCOVID-19pandemic,theinteractive,livestreamedP-Talksbringpractitioners,experts,policymakers,andordinarycitizensfromallwalksoflifewithapassionforproductivitytosharetheirexperience,views,andpracticaltipsonproductivityimprovement.Withspeakersfromeverycorneroftheworld,theP-TalkseffectivelyconveyproductivityinformationtoAPOmembercountriesandbeyond.However,itwasrecognizedthatmanyoftheP-Talkspeakershadmuchmoretoofferbeyondthe60-minutepresentationsandQ&Asessionsthatarethehallmarksoftheseries.takefulladvantageoftheirbroadknowledgeandexpertise,somewereinvitedtoelaborateontheirP-Talks,resultinginthispublication.ItishopedthattheP-Insightswillgivereadersadeeperunderstandingofthepracticesandapplicationsofproductivityastheyareevolvingduringthepandemicandbeingadaptedtomeetdifferentneedsintheanticipatednewnormal.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|VVI|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSINTRODUCTIONOvertourismisbecomingamajorissueforcitiesacrosstheglobe[1].Inshort,overtourismoccurswhentherearetoomanyvisitorstoaparticulardestination.Itcanbedefinedas“theimpactoftourismonadestination,orpartsthereof,thatexcessivelyinfluencesperceivedqualityoflifeofcitizensand/orqualityofvisitors’experiencesinanegativeway”[2].Ingeneral,havingtoomanyvisitorscrowdedinacertainplacemightnotbeagoodexperienceforthem(Figure1).Atthesametime,thelocalwayoflifewillbedisturbedandaffectedatacertainlevel.ExamplescanbefoundbothintheWestandtheEast:example,incitiessuchasBarcelona,Paris,Berlin,Reykjavik,Kyoto,Bali,andMacau.Therearedifferentdiscussionsonthewaystotackletheissueofovertourism[3,4].However,forthepurposeofprovidingsomepossibleshort-andlong-termsolutionstothisproblem,inthisP-InsightsreporttheauthorusesthestrategiesoutlinedbytheUNWorldTourismOrganization(UNWTO)in2018andsupplementsthemwithexamplesfordiscussion. FIGURE1 MACAURUINS–RUINASDESAOPAULOCROWDEDWITHTOURISTS.Source:Dr.AlanWong.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|1STRATEGIESADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIESIn2018,thepublishedareportentitled“Overtourism?–Understandingandbeyond[2].ThereportoutlinedrelevanttocopingtheissueofovertourismincitiesTABLE1ELEVENSTRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIES.Strategy1PromotethedispersalofvisitorswithinthecityandbeyondStrategy2Promotetime-baseddispersalofvisitorsStrategy3StimulatenewvisitoritinerariesandattractionsStrategy4ReviewandadaptregulationsStrategy5EnhancevisitorsegmentationStrategy6EnsurelocalcommunitiesbenefitfromtourismStrategy7CreatecityexperiencesthatbenefitbothresidentsandvisitorsStrategy8ImprovecityinfrastructureandfacilitiesStrategy9CommunicatewithandengagelocalstakeholdersStrategy10CommunicatewithandengagevisitorsStrategy11SetmonitoringandresponsemeasuresSource:ModifiedfromUNWTO[2].Strategy1:PromotetheDispersalofVisitorswithintheCityandBeyondUnderthisstrategy,oneofthewaystodealwithovertourisminacityistodevelopandpromotevisitorattractionsandfacilitiesinless-visitedsectionsofthecityandinsurroundingareas.taketheexampleoftheHongKongWetlandPark(HKWP),HongKongonlycoversanareaof1,106km2,andmosttouristscometoHongKongforshoppinginthecity.TheHKWPislocatedintheNewTerritories,relativelydistantfromthecitycenter,andthisisthereforeagoodprojecttodispersevisitorsbeyondthecity.2|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS本報(bào)告來(lái)源于三個(gè)皮匠報(bào)告站（）,由用戶(hù)Id:895443下載,文檔Id:625040,下載日期:2025-04-16STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIESAccordingtoaformermanageroftheHKWP[5],“HongKongWetlandParkisaworld-classecotourismfacilitycombiningconservation,educationandtourismobjectives.”bemorespecific,theaimsoftheHKWPProjectareto:diversifytherangeoftourismattractions;2)diversifyvisitors’experiencenaturalheritageandwildlife;3)fosterpublicawareness,knowledge,andunderstandingoftheinherentvaluesofwetlands;and4)marshalpublicsupportandactionforwetlandconservation(Figure2).TheHKWPhasa60-haEcologicalMitigationAreatocompensateforthelossofhabitatscausedbytheTinShuiWaiNewTowndevelopment.ItisabufferbetweenTinShuiWaiandtheMaiPoInnerDeepBayRamsarSite,aMillenniumCapitalWorksProjecttopromoteecotourism,andaSpecialAreaundertheCountryParksOrdinance. FIGURE2 THEHONGKONGWETLANDPARK–TOURGUIDEGIVINGANINTERPRETATIONTOLOCALSANDVISITORSFROMMAINLANDCHINA.Source:Dr.AlanWong.Strategy2:PromoteTime-basedDispersalofVisitorsThisstrategyencompassesdifferentapproaches.Oneistostimulateeventsandpromotedynamicpricingandexperiencesduringoff-peakmonths.ThelowseasoninHongKongismainlyfromJunetoSeptember,andduringthistime,OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|3STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIESgreatdiscountsontravelandaccommodationareusuallyonoffer.Inaddition,theancientDragonBoatfestivalisheldinJune,andboatracesandpartiesareheldaroundtheharbor,makingitauniqueculturalexperiencefortourists.Strategy3:StimulateNewVisitorItinerariesandAttractionsThisstrategyrequiresmorecreativeandinnovativethinking.ThereareatleastthreewaysthatHongKongcandobetter:1)producecityguidesandbookshighlightinghiddentreasures;2)stimulatethedevelopmentofguidedtoursthroughless-visitedpartsofthecity;and3)createdynamicexperiencesandroutesfornichevisitors.TheHongKongAssociationofRegisteredTourCo-ordinators(HARTCO)producedaguidebooktocelebrateits30yearsofworkingfortheindustryandcommunityofHongKong[6].ThebookcontainsawiderangeofarticlesonthedifferentattractionsandculturesofHongKong.TheauthorofthisP-InsightsreportisoneofthehonoraryadviserstothisassociationandcontributedtwoarticlesfortheguidebooktointroducetramtravelinHongKong(Figure3).Accordingtoonestudyofvisitors’experiencesoftramtravelasanunconventionalattractioninHongKong,thisformoftravelofferssixdifferentexperiences,assummarizedin2[7].Promotingthistypeofnichemarkettravelexperiencewilldefinitelyhelptodiversifytherangeofexperiencesonoffertovisitors.sucheffortswillhelprelievetheissueofovertourism.TABLE2SIXTHEMESEMBEDDEDINVISITORS’EXPERIENCESOFHONGKONGTRAMS.EntertainmentexperienceFunandenjoymentconnectedtotramridingPeoplewatchingWatchingorobservingpeopleandtheiractivitiesonthestreetsHistoricalexperienceRecallingorunderstandingthehistoryoftramsandgainingasenseofconnectiontothepastSlowtourismmotivationsandbenefitstoslowmobilityUniquemobilityExperiencesrelatedtoaccessandcomparisonwithothertransportationsystemsSocialinteractionInteractionwiththeservicescapeandsocializationwithothertramridersSource:ModifiedfromXuetal.[7].4|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSSTRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIES FIGURE3 THEAUTHORHELPSTOPROMOTETRAMTRAVELINHONGKONG.Source:Dr.AlanWong.Strategy4:ReviewandAdaptRegulationsUnderStrategy4,theUNWTOreportsuggestedmorethan10differentmeasures,suchasreviewingtheopeningtimesofvisitorattractions,regulationofaccesstopopularattractionsforlargegroups,andregulationandtaxationofhotelsandotheraccommodationswhiledefiningthecarryingcapacityofthecityandofcriticalareasandattractions.Forexample,in2017,theInstituteforTourismStudies(IFT)publishedatourismcarrying-capacityreport[8].ItestimatedthattheoptimaltourismcarryingcapacityofMacauwasfewerthan110,000peopleperday,orfewerthan40.1millionperyear.TheIFTfoundthatinthe104dayscoveredbythesurvey,thenumberoftouristsexceededtheoptimalcapacityon22days.Toimprovethecity’stourismcarryingcapacity,OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|5STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIEStheIFTsuggestedthattheMacaugovernmentshoulddivertvisitorstosecond-tierareasbyapplyingsmarttechnologyorholdingevents.Inaddition,thereportsuggestedthattherewasaneedtoconductin-depthresearchonthebackgroundandbehaviorofvisitorstounderstandtheirtravelstyles.Strategy5:EnhanceVisitorSegmentationIdentifyingandtargetingvisitorsegmentswithalowerimpactaccordingtothespecificcontextandobjectivesofacityisoneofthemeasuresunderthisstrategy.Tailoringattractionsandservicestospecificgroupscandispersevisitorstoless-crowdedareas.Forexample,theMacaugovernmentpromotesweekendwalkingtoursasanalternativetovisitingUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.Inordertoavoidcrowds,visitorscanexplorethefringesoftheHistoricCentrewherethegardensandhistoricalbuildingsarequiet,beautifulandhaveauniquePortuguesestyle(e.g.,S.FranciscoGardenshowninFigure4andClubeMilitardeMacaushowninFigure5). FIGURE4 S.FRANCISCOGARDEN.Source:Dr.AlanWong.6|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSSTRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIES FIGURE5 CLUBEMILITARDEMACAU.Source:Dr.AlanWong.Strategy6:EnsureLocalCommunitiesBenefitfromTourismThemaingoalsincludedinthisstrategyareincreasingthelevelofemploymentintourism,creatingdecentjobs,promotingthepositiveimpactsoftourism,andcreatingawarenessandknowledgeofthesectoramonglocalcommunities.ThecaseofKerala,India,isagoodexampleofthestrategy.TheKeralastategovernmentestablishedtheResponsibleTourismMissiontoensurethatlocalcommunitiesbenefitthroughthecreationofsharedvalue[9].TheaimsoftheResponsibleTourismMissionaretomaketourismatoolforthedevelopmentofvillageandlocalcommunities,eradicatepoverty,andgiveemphasistotheempowermentofwomen.Itclaimsthatresponsibletourismisabout“makingbetterplacesforpeopletoliveinandbetterplacesforpeopletovisit.”Strategy7:CreateCityExperiencesThatBenefitBothResidentsandVisitorsUnderstrategy7,asmartmeasureforcopingwithovertourismistodevelopacitytofitresidents’needsanddesiresandconsidertouristsastemporaryOVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|7STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIESresidents.Toaddressthechallengeofovertourism,Barcelonahassoughttotreatvisitorsastemporaryresidentssince2004[10].Inotherwords,thecityauthoritiesseektointegratevisitorsandfostercoexistence.Theaimsaretoincreasethepositiveimpactsoftourisminthecityandmaketourismmoresustainable.Thisstrategycanchangethedynamicsoftourismandthehost–guestrelationship.Finally,thecitycreatesvisitorexperiencesthatbenefitbothresidentsandvisitors.Strategy8:ImproveCityInfrastructureandFacilitiesOnewaytoimproveacity’sinfrastructureandfacilitiesistocreateacity-wideplanforwell-balanced,sustainabletrafficmanagement.Aneffectivemeasureistocreatesafecyclingroutesandstimulatebicyclerentals.ThecityofAmsterdamisagoodexample.Itisacyclingcityandoneofthemostbicycle-friendlycitiesintheworld,withmanybikepaths(Figure6)andeasy-to-findbikeparkingspaces(Figure7).Itscitizenshavespenttheirlivescyclingsincetheywerechildren[11]. FIGURE6 AMSTERDAM:ACYCLINGCITY.Source:Dr.AlanWong.8|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSSTRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIES FIGURE7 EASYBIKEPARKINGINAMSTERDAM.Source:Dr.AlanWong.Strategy9:CommunicatewithandEngageLocalStake-holdersTacklingtheissueofovertourismisnotaneasytask.Atop-downapproachcannotbeused;rather,astrategythatinvolvesdifferentstakeholders,inparticular,localpeople,isrequired.Tourismmanagementgroupsthatincludeallstakeholdersshouldbeestablished,andmeetingsshouldbeheldregularlyforbettercommunication.Inaddition,itisnecessarytoconductregularresearchamongresidentsandotherlocalstakeholders.ThecaseofSagadainthePhilippinesisagoodexampleofhowstakeholdercollaborationcanbeusedtotackleovertourism.AstudyofovertourisminSagada[12]useddifferentqualitativemethods,includingin-depthinterviews,focusgroupdiscussions,participantobservations,andinformalconversations,tocollectdatafrom2017to2019.Thefindingsindicatedthatthroughstakeholdercooperation,theproblemsbroughtaboutbytheinfluxoftouristscanbesoftened.Thestudyconcludedthatovertourismcanbealleviated.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|9STRATEGIESTOADDRESSVISITORGROWTHINCITIESStrategy10:CommunicatewithandEngageVisitorsStrategy10includesmeasuressuchascreatinganawarenessoftheimpactoftourismamongvisitorsandeducatingvisitorsaboutlocalvalues,traditions,andregulations.Educationcanbealong-termsolutiontoovertourism;thiswillbediscussedfurtherlaterinthisreport.giveanexampleinPortugal[13],thecityofCoimbraisstrugglingwithanexcessoftouristsanddifficultmanagementchallenges.Apotentialsolutiontothisovertourismproblemistoprovidetouristswithinformaleducationalactivitiesassociatedwithalternativetourismproductsinneighboringorperipheralsmalltowns,withtheaimoffosteringanin-depthknowledgeoftheareathatemphasizesitsculture.Ultimately,thisstrategyshouldhelptodiverttouristsandvisitorsfromtheoverloadedtourismsites.Strategy11:SetMonitoringandResponseMeasuresThedifferentmeasuresinvolvedinapplyingstrategy11include:1)monitoringkeyindicators,suchasseasonalfluctuationsindemand,arrivals,andexpenditures,patternsofvisitationtoattractions,andvisitorsegments;2)advancingtheuseofbigdataandnewtechnologiestomonitorandevaluatetourismperformanceandimpact;and3)creatingcontingencyplansforpeakperiodsandemergencysituations.Again,thecityofBarcelonaisagoodexampletoillustratethisstrategy[10].Barcelonapublishesmonthlyforecastsofvisitornumbersforeachday,reportingalleventsoractivitiesthatinvolve10,000ormorepeople;whentheforecastexceeds70,000,thecalendarismarkedinred,andresidentscanthenavoidcongestedareasorthecityaltogether.Forexample,inSeptember2018,therewerethreedayswhentheforecastwasover200,000,oneofwhichwascloseto300,000.10|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSOTHERSTRATEGIESMANAGEOVERTOURISMOvertourismandEcotourismTheInternationalEcotourismSociety(TIES)claimsthatecotourismisthesolutiontoovertourism[14].Itholdstheviewthatovertourismistheresultoftouristsandtheresidentsofatourismdestinationnothavingapartnershiprelationship.Accordingtoitsresearch,thepeople,culture,environment,andnaturalresourcesofacommunityshouldbethemostintegralpartsoftourism.Therearemanydiscussionsonwhatecotourisminvolves[15].However,therearesomecommoncharacteristicsthatconstitutethebasicprinciplesofecotourism[16]:Minimizingphysical,social,behavioral,andpsychologicalimpacts;Buildingenvironmentalandculturalawarenessandrespect;Providingpositiveexperiencesforbothvisitorsandhosts;Providingdirectfinancialbenefitsforconservation;Generatingfinancialbenefitsforbothlocalpeopleandprivateindustry;Deliveringmemorableinterpretativeexperiencestovisitorstohelpraisesensitivitytohostcountries’political,environmental,andsocialclimates;Designing,constructing,andoperatinglow-impactfacilities;andRecognizingtherightsandspiritualbeliefsoftheindigenouspeopleinacommunityandworkinginpartnershipwiththemtocreateempowerment.Althoughimplementingthesebasicprinciplesofecotourismwillnottotallyeliminatetheproblemofovertourismbroughtaboutbymasstourism,itwilldefinitelyhelptodecreasetheleveloftheproblem.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|11OTHERSTRATEGIESTOMANAGEOVERTOURISMOvertourismandTourismTaxesTourismtaxesarecontroversial[17].Somecities,suchasAmsterdam,Bali,Barcelona,Bhutan,Venice,andManchester,havealreadyintroducedatourismtax,andothersareplanningtodoso.Itisunclearwhethersuchtaxeswilldeterpeoplefromtravelingtoadestinationtoeasetheproblemofovertourism.Thetaxesaregenerallytoolowtodetervisitors,buttheydoenablelocalauthoritiestoraisemoneytofundthemanagementoftourism(e.g.,topayfortheremovaloflitter).OvertourismandTechnologyMohantyetal.statedthatovertourismisbecomingaglobalissueforcities[18].Overtourismisacomplicatedissuerelatedtodifferentinterconnectedcauses.Thechallengeisthatithasanimpactondifferentpartsofacity.Overtourism,whichisalwaysrelatedtothesustainabilitygoal,isbeingaddressedthroughstructuralpolicyeffortsandtheuseoftechnology.Currently,thesmartcityideaisalsobeingappliedtotheproblemofovertourisminmanyEuropeancities.MacauisagoodexampleofacityinAsiawhichisapplyingtechnologytotourismandexpectstocopewithitsovertourismissue.Meneses[19]claimedthat:“Macauisalreadyasmartcity…althoughitcannotbethetoplevelintheworld…itcanbemiddlelevelorabove.Actually,Macauisbetterthanmanydevelopedcitiesandcountries.”O(jiān)nepositiveinnovationinMacauistheintroductionofanappfortransportationmanagement.Macauresidentscaneasilyobtaininformationaboutthebussituation,parkingavailability,roadconditions,etc.,whichhelpstoenhancetheirqualityoflife.Touristscanobtaintravelinformation,suchascrowddensityandtravelplanning,throughthegovernmentapp.Thetravelingexperiencecanalsobeenhancedthroughaugmentedreality(AR)technology.HongKongPolytechnicUniversity(PolyU)andCompanhiadeTelecomunica??esdeMacauhaverevealedplanstojointlyconductaspatialbigdataanalyticstudyontheneedsandpreferencesoftouristsinMacau,leveragingtheresearchexpertiseofPolyU’sLaboratoryforSmartCityandSpatialBigDataAnalytics[20].TheprojectaimstooptimizeWi-FifacilitiesinMacauandtodevelopdata-miningalgorithms/toolstoanalyzetheactivitiesandbehavioralpatternsoftouristsinthecity.Thesemeasureswillnotonly12|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSOTHERSTRATEGIESTOMANAGEOVERTOURISMhelpimproveMacau’surbanplanningandtourismmanagementandenhancetheexperienceoftouristsbutwillalsoserveasatestforthedevelopmentofsmartcitiesintheGreaterBayArea.OvertourismandEducationEarlierinthisreport,itwasexplainedhowthecityofCoimbrainPortugalisdealingwithovertourismbydivertingtouriststonearbysmalltownsthrougheducationalandculturalprograms.Researcherselsewherearenowcallingforeducationalinterventionstoovercometheproblemofovertourism[21].Anothergroupofresearchersisinvestigatingovertourismfromatourismeducationperspective[22].Educationcanbeatransformative,strategictooltotackleovertourismanditsrelatednegativeimpacts.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|13CONCLUSIONThisreportoutlinedstrategiesproposedbytheUNWTOtoaddressvisitorgrowthincities.Itthenexplaineddifferentmeasuresundereachstrategyandgaveexamplestodemonstratehowthestrategiescanbeimplemented.Thediscussionhighlightedotherstrategiesrelatedtomanagingovertourism,suchasecotourism,tourismtaxes,andadoptionoftechnology.Overtourismisacomplexinteractionofdifferentsocietal,economic,andecologicalfactorsanddevelopmentsandisthereforeacomplex,multidimensionalissue.Thereisnoquickfixorsingle,comprehensivesolutiontotheproblem.Currently,moreresearchisfocusingontherelationshipbetweenovertourismandeducation.Educationisbeingusedasatransformativeandstrategictooltotackleovertourismanditcouldbealong-termstrategytoresolveovertourismissues.14|OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONSREFERENCESWorldEconomicForum.OvertourismisBecomingaMajorIssueforCitiesAcrosstheGlobe./agenda/2018/07/overtourism-a-growing-global-problem?DAG=3&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIo5LyovS6gAMVC84WBR3Lsgk-EAMYASAAEgJ6wvD_BwE.Accessedon23February2024.UNWTO.“Overtourism”?–UnderstandingandManagingUrbanTourismGrowthBeyondPerceptions,ExecutiveSummary.https:///doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284420070.Accessedon3March2024.ButlerR.W.,DoddsR.Overcomingovertourism:areviewoffailure.TourismReview2022;1:35–53.MihalicConceptualisingovertourism:asustainabilityapproach.AnnalsofTourism2020;84:1–12.LamTheHongKongWetlandPark.LecturegiventoHongKongPolytechnicUniversitystudentsin2006.TheHongKongAssociationofRegisteredTourCo-ordinators(HARTCO).GuidingHongKong.Beijing:CNPeReading;2014.XuJ.B.,L.,MakC.K.Y.VisitorexperienceoftheHongKongtramsasanunconventionalattraction.InternationalJournalofTourismResearch2018;5:605–612.WongJ.StudySuggestsGov’tImprovesTourismCarryingCapacity./study-suggests-govt-improves-tourism-carrying-capacity.Accessed1March2024.ResponsibleTourism./responsible-tourism/.Accessedon3March2024.OVERTOURISM:POTENTIALSHORT-ANDLONG-TERMSOLUTIONS|15REFERENCESGoodwinH.OvertourismSolutions:StrategiestoManageMassTourism./overtourism-solutions/.Accessedon1March2024.CyclinginAmsterdam./en/travel-stay/getting-around/cycling-in-amsterdam.Accessedon1March2024.LoverioChenL.H.,ShenC.C.Stakeholdercollaboration,asolutiontoovertourism?AcasestudyonSagada,thePhilippines.TourismGeogra