2025屆湖北省八校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)湖北省2025屆八校三統(tǒng)聯(lián)考高三英語(yǔ)試題全卷滿(mǎn)分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1、答題前，請(qǐng)將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的制定位置。2、選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。3、非選擇題作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)，寫(xiě)在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。4、考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡上交。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)、滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A．Reserveacheaphotel.B．GotoMexicoonbusiness.C．Relaxandenjoyhimself.2．Whatwillthewomanget?A．Carpetcleaner.B．Apapertowel.C．Aglassofwine.3．Whoisthewoman?A．She'sateacher.B．She'sastudent.C．She'sanassistant.4．Wherearethespeakersheading?A．Toaswimmingpool.B．Tothebeach.C．Toarestaurant.5．Whyisthemuseumofgreatsignificance?A．It'samuseumforoldartB．It'sbuiltonasmallisland.C．It'sthefirstofitskindinIndonesia.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhatisbotheringJamie?A．Hisclothing.B．Hiscar.C．Hissister.7．WhatwillJamiedonext?A．Gotosleep.B．Drivefaster.C．Dosomereading.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Howmanyseatsdoesthebicyclehave?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.9．Whatwillbethehardestpartofridingthebicycle?A．Keepingbalance.B．Gainingspeed.C．Beingsafe.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．WhatmightMr.Wellsbe?A．Anathlete.B．Abusinessowner.C．Anadvertisingexpert.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheproduct?A．Itisfromfamilybusiness.B．Itsmainbuyersarerunners.C．Itisdesignedtobeusedbyateam.12．Accordingtothewoman，whatdoesMr.Wellsneedmost?A．Thebudgetoftheadvertising.B．Thenameofthechosenperson.C．Theartworkoftheadvertisement.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Thepreparationforaschoolplay.B．Thewoman'svisittotheman'shouse.C．Thetraditionalcustomsinthewoman'scountry.14．Howdidtheman'sparentsfeelaboutthewomanatfirst?A．Angry.B．Embarrassed.C．Surprised.15．Whatdidtheman'sfatherhaveincommonwiththewoman?A．Theyplayedthesamesport.B．Theywerebothverysmartintheirclass.C．Theybothgainedmanyawardsinschool.16．Whycan'tthewomanattendthedinnerontime?A．Shewillbeseeingaplay.B．Shewillbecelebratingaholiday.C．Shewillbeperforminginashow.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Howlongisthestormwarningfor?A．12hours.B．13hours.C．24hours.18．Whatdoesthespeakeradvisepeopletoparticularlystayawayfrom?A．Thewindows.B．Theocean.C．Theroads.19．Whatmakesthestormdangerous?A．Therain.B．Thewinds.C．Thepressure.20．Whatdoesthespeakersuggestpeopledo?A．Turnofftheirpower.B．Keepupwiththelatestnews.C．Boardtheirwindowsanddoorswithwood.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AHereareseveralplaceswhichwillsurpriseyou.DeathValley,California,USAVerylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.Kebili,TunisiaTunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.Datepalmsareoneofthekeyfeaturesofthisplace.WādīHalfā,SudanThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.YouwouldthinkthatitshouldbealittlebitcoolerforitisthemostnorthernplaceinSudan.Dasht-eLutDesert,IranIt’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.1.WhatcanwesayaboutDeathValley?A.Thereislittlerainfallinit. B.Over1,000peoplelivethere.C.Thereisnothingbutdryhotsandinit. D.Itsaveragetemperatureis56.7℃.2.Whichplacehasthehighesttemperatureeverrecorded?A.DeathValley. B.Dasht-eLutDesert.C.WādīHalfā. D.Kebili.3.Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?A.Theyareplacessuitabletosettlein.BTheyarelocatedclosetodeserts.C.Theyarethehottestplacesonearth.D.Theyaremorepopularwithtouriststhanotherplaces.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了讓人大吃一驚的四個(gè)不同的地方，它們共同的特點(diǎn)是都非常炎熱?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文詳細(xì)介紹“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(這個(gè)地方晚上很熱鬧，但白天完全死氣沉沉，只不過(guò)是干熱的沙漠。它實(shí)際上保持著最熱空氣溫度的記錄。它的平均溫度為46℃，但在1913年達(dá)到了56.7℃，被認(rèn)為是目前的記錄。作為美國(guó)最干旱的地方，這個(gè)地方實(shí)際上有人居住，盡管那里只有不到1000人。)”可知DeathValley是美國(guó)最干旱的地區(qū)；由此可知，這個(gè)地方很少下雨。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.(它實(shí)際上保持著最高氣溫的記錄。它的平均氣溫為46℃，但在1913年達(dá)到了56.7℃，被認(rèn)為是目前的記錄。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它應(yīng)該是涼爽宜人的，但Kebili是一個(gè)沙漠小鎮(zhèn)，有記錄的最高溫度為55℃。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(這里的平均氣溫為41℃，但在1967年卻達(dá)到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.(這是另一個(gè)無(wú)人居住的沙漠，實(shí)際上變得超級(jí)熱。在過(guò)去的20年里，已有溫度達(dá)到了70℃的記錄。)”可知，有記載的最高溫度在伊朗的Dasht-eLut沙漠，達(dá)到70℃。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“DeathValley,California,USA”下文中的“Verylivelyatnightbutcompletelydeadduringtheday,thisplaceisnothingbutdryhotdesert.Itactuallyholdstherecordforthehottestairtemperature.Ithasanaveragetemperatureof46℃butithasreached56.7℃in1913andisconsideredtobeacurrentrecord.AsthedriestplaceintheUSA,thisplaceisactuallyinhabitedeventhoughlessthanathousandpeoplelivethere.(晚上非常熱鬧，但白天完全死氣沉沉，這個(gè)地方只不過(guò)是干燥炎熱的沙漠。它實(shí)際上保持著最熱空氣溫度的記錄。它的平均溫度為46°C，但在1913年已達(dá)到56.7°C，被認(rèn)為是目前的記錄。作為美國(guó)最干燥的地方，這個(gè)地方實(shí)際上也有人居住，盡管只有不到一千人居住在那里。)”、“Kebili,Tunisia”下文中的“Tunisia’scloselocationtotheMediterraneanSeasuggeststhatitshouldbeniceandcoolbutKebiliisadeserttownwhichhasthehighesttemperaturerecordedat55℃.Thepeopleinhabitingtheareahaveadjustedtotoughconditionsandlearnedtospendmostoftheirtimeintheshade.(突尼斯靠近地中海的地理位置表明它應(yīng)該是涼爽宜人的，但Kebili是一個(gè)沙漠小鎮(zhèn)，有記錄的最高溫度為55℃。居住在該地區(qū)的人們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了惡劣的條件，并學(xué)會(huì)了大部分時(shí)間都在陰涼處度過(guò)。)”、“WādīHalfā,Sudan”下文中的“ThecityislocatedontheshoresofLakeNubia,andduststormsareaprettycommonthinginthesummer.Withanaveragetemperatureof41℃,itstillmanagedtomakeitto53℃in1967.(這座城市位于努比亞湖畔，沙塵暴在夏天是很常見(jiàn)的事情。這里的平均氣溫為41℃，但在1967年卻達(dá)到了53℃。)”以及“Dasht-eLutDesert,Iran”下文中的“It’sanotheruninhabiteddesertwhichisactuallygettingsuperhot.Inthepast20years,thetemperaturesof70℃havebeenrecorded.Thesaltdesertspreadsover200milesandevenwildlifeisnotthatspread.Theplaceispopularwithtouristsandnaturalistswhowouldliketoexperienceextremelandscapes.(這是另一個(gè)無(wú)人居住的沙漠，實(shí)際上變得超級(jí)熱。在過(guò)去的20年里，氣溫達(dá)到了70℃。鹽沙漠綿延200多英里，甚至連野生動(dòng)物都沒(méi)有那么廣泛。這個(gè)地方很受想體驗(yàn)極端風(fēng)景的游客和博物學(xué)家的歡迎。)”可知，這四個(gè)地區(qū)共同之處是它們都是地球上最熱的地方。故選C。BRecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.Inwinter,theabilitytoreachshelterforthenightcouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.Oneoftheveryearliestway-marksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.Thisappliedtoremotepartsofthecountrywheretheremightbeconfusionastowhichpathledtothenearestmarkettown.Later,withtheappearanceoftheRoyalMail,thenumberrosestillfurther.Nowadaysmanyoftheseearlyroadsignsaredesignated(指定)asListedMonuments.“Howtimeschange!”Lucy,anenthusiasticwalker,towhomIloanedthebook,exclaimed.“Isupposenowweallrelyfarmoreuponmobilephonestoguideus.”“Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”Lucyisquiterightthere.Lifeitselfcanofferusagreatmanychoicesofpath,andsometimesitisn’teasytoknowifwe’vechosenthebestone.Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.Afterall,we’dbelostwithoutthem!4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“these”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Signposts. B.Abilities. C.Settlements. D.Shelters.5.Whatcontributedtotheinitialspreadofsignposts?A.Themarkettrade. B.Theactpassedin1697.C.Thediscoveryofthesandstone. D.TheappearanceoftheRoyalMail.6.WhatdoesLucythinkofsignposts?A.Popular. B.Outdated. C.Imperfect. D.Helpful.7.Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromsignposts?A.Tochooserighttracks. B.Toliveacolorfullife.C.Tohaveagratefulmind. D.Toofferpracticalchoices.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者最近買(mǎi)了一本關(guān)于路標(biāo)的書(shū)，以及從書(shū)中掌握了解到關(guān)于路標(biāo)的知識(shí)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“RecentlyIboughtabookaboutsignposts.Signpostsaren’tveryinteresting,you’rethinking.Well,that,ofcourse,dependsonwhetheryouhappentobelost!(最近我買(mǎi)了一本關(guān)于路標(biāo)的書(shū)。你在想，路標(biāo)沒(méi)什么意思。嗯，那當(dāng)然要看你是不是碰巧迷路了！)”及劃線詞所在句“Ancienttravelerswouldhavebeengratefulforthesewhensettlementsweresmallerandfurtherapart.(當(dāng)定居點(diǎn)更小、距離更遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)候，古代旅行者會(huì)很感激這些)”可知，劃線單詞these指的就是上文中提到的路標(biāo)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OneoftheveryearliestwaymarksdiscoveredisinCumbria.DatingfromRomantimes,ithadlainfallenuntil1836,whenafarmerploughinghisfieldscameacrossasandstoneshaft(碑文).Thereareotherstonepoststhathavestoodbyroadsidesforcenturies.Itwasn’tuntil1697thatanactwaspasseddeclaringthatguide-stonesmustbebuilt.(最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的路標(biāo)之一是在坎布里亞郡。它始建于羅馬時(shí)代，直到1836年，一個(gè)農(nóng)民在耕地時(shí)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)砂巖井。還有一些石柱已經(jīng)矗立在路邊幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了。直到1697年才通過(guò)一項(xiàng)法案，宣布必須建造路標(biāo))”可知，1697年通過(guò)的法案促成了路標(biāo)最初的傳播。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段““Yettheyaren’tperfect.WheneverIgoout,Ipreferamap.Ineverhavetoworryaboutrunningoutofbattery.”“I’malwaysgratefultowhoeverisplacingway-markersalongtheroute,”sheadded,“Isupposethathoweversureweare,alittleoutsideconfirmationisalwayswelcome.”(“然而，它們并不完美。無(wú)論我什么時(shí)候出去，我都喜歡帶著地圖。我從來(lái)不用擔(dān)心沒(méi)電了?！盁o(wú)論誰(shuí)在沿途設(shè)置路標(biāo)，我都很感激，”她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，“我想，無(wú)論我們多么確定，一點(diǎn)外界的確認(rèn)總是受歡迎的?！?”可推知，露西對(duì)路標(biāo)的看法是認(rèn)為它是有幫助的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapswhenitcomestogratitude,weshouldalsoincludethanksforthosepeoplewhoappearinourliveswhenwemostneedthem—eithergivingusgentlewarningthatwemightbeheadinginthewrongdirection,orreassurancethatweareontherighttrack.(也許說(shuō)到感恩，我們也應(yīng)該感謝那些在我們最需要他們的時(shí)候出現(xiàn)在我們生活中的人——他們要么溫和地警告我們可能走錯(cuò)了方向，要么安慰我們走在正確的道路上。畢竟，沒(méi)有他們我們會(huì)迷路的！)”可推知，作者從路標(biāo)中學(xué)到了要有感恩的心。故選C項(xiàng)。CScientistsatPurdueUniversitycreatedtheworld’swhitestpaint—adiscoverythatnotonlyaddsyetanotherchoicetothe“whichwhiteshouldwepaintthiswall”dilemma,butalsomighthelptheclimatecrisis.ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.“Whenwestartedthisprojectsevenyearsago,wehadsavingenergyandfightingclimatechangeinmind,”Ruansaidinapodcast(播客)episodeofThisIsPurdue.Theywantedtocreateapaintthatwouldreflectsunlightawayfromabuilding,dramaticallydecreasingtheneedforairconditioning.Heating,cooling,andlightingaccountfor28percentoftheworld’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Andoverusingairconditioningcanoverwhelmacity’spowergridandcauseblackouts(停電).InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.8.Whatisknownaboutthepaint?A.Ithasdifferentcolors. B.Itdoesn’tcostmuch.C.Itusesheatingtechnology. D.Itisclimate-friendly.9.WhatistheQueensblackoutmentionedtoshow?A.Thepoormanagementofpower. B.Thesignificanceofthepaint.C.Theimportanceofairconditioning. D.Theresultofglobalwarming.10.WhichaspectofthepaintistalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Itsapplication. B.Itsfunction.C.Itscomposition. D.Itsdisadvantage.11.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A.Thequalityofthepaintneedsimproving.B.Thepaintwillbringprofitstothe100companies.C.Researcherswanttoseethepaintincommercialuse.D.Individualeffortsmatterincreatingthewhitestpaint.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了普渡大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)造了世界上最白的涂料——這一發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅為“我們應(yīng)該把這面墻涂成哪種白色”的困境增加了另一個(gè)選擇，而且可能有助于解決氣候危機(jī)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThepaintwasdevelopedbyPurduemechanicalengineeringprofessorXiulinRuanandhisteam.Itworksthroughapassivecoolingtechnologythatoffersgreatpromisestoreducespacecoolingcostandglobalwarming.”（這種涂料是由普渡大學(xué)機(jī)械工程教授阮秀林和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)的。它的工作原理是一種被動(dòng)冷卻技術(shù)，這種技術(shù)很有希望降低空間冷卻成本和全球變暖。）可知，關(guān)于涂料我們知道它是氣候友好型的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“InaQueensblackoutin2006,175,000peoplewereleftwithoutpower,whichleadto40deaths.Thispaintcouldeffectivelybeanalternativetoairconditionersinsomeplaces.”（在2006年皇后區(qū)的一次大停電中，17.5萬(wàn)人沒(méi)有電，導(dǎo)致40人死亡。在一些地方，這種涂料可以有效地替代空調(diào)。）可推知，皇后區(qū)停電事件是為了說(shuō)明涂料的意義。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thepaintreflects98.1%ofsolarradiationwhilealsogivingoutinfrared(紅外線的)heat.Becausethepainttakesinlessheatfromthesunthanitgivesout,asurfacecoatedwiththispaintiscooledbelowthesurroundingtemperaturewithoutusingpower.Coveringaroofareaof1,000squarefeetwiththepaintcouldcreate10kilowattsofcoolingpower,theresearchersfound.“That’smorepowerfulthantheairconditionersusedbymosthouses,”RuantoldThisIsPurdue.”（這種涂料能反射98.1%的太陽(yáng)輻射，同時(shí)還能發(fā)出紅外線。由于這種涂料從太陽(yáng)吸收的熱量比散發(fā)的熱量少，涂上這種涂料的表面可以在不使用電力的情況下冷卻到周?chē)鷾囟纫韵?。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，用這種涂料覆蓋1000平方英尺的屋頂可以產(chǎn)生10千瓦的冷卻功率?！斑@比大多數(shù)家庭使用的空調(diào)更強(qiáng)大，”阮告訴ThisIsPurdue。）可知，第4段主要談?wù)摿送苛系墓δ芊矫娴膬?nèi)容。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youcan’tbuythepaintjustyet,butresearchersarepartneringwithacompanytoputthepaintonthemarket.Whileindividualactiontofightelimatechangecanhelpsaveourplanet,it’simportanttonotethatthevastmajorityoftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissionscanbetracedbackto100companies.Maybewecandouse(澆)thosecompanieswiththiswhitepaint,too—itcouldbeworthashot.”（你現(xiàn)在還不能買(mǎi)到這種涂料，但研究人員正在與一家公司合作，將這種涂料推向市場(chǎng)。雖然個(gè)人行動(dòng)對(duì)抗氣候變化可以幫助拯救我們的地球，但重要的是要注意，世界上絕大多數(shù)溫室氣體排放可以追溯到100家公司。也許我們可以把這些公司也涂上這種白漆——值得一試。）可推知，從最后一段可以得知研究人員希望看到這種涂料在商業(yè)上的應(yīng)用。故選C項(xiàng)。DHumanresponsestomoraldilemmas(兩難選擇)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.Thefindingsindicatethatusersmayunderestimatetheextenttowhichtheirownmoraljudgmentscanbeinfluencedbythechatbot.SebastianKrigelandcolleaguesaskedChatGPTmultipletimeswhetheritisrighttosacrifice(犧牲)thelifeofonepersoninordertosavethelivesoffiveothers.TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立場(chǎng)).Theauthorsthenpresented767U.S.participants,whowereonaverage39yearsold,withadilemmawhethertosacrificeoneperson’slifetosavefiveothers.Beforeanswering,participantsreadastatementprovidedbyChatGPTarguingeitherfororagainstsacrificingonelifetosavefive.StatementswerefromeitheramoraladvisororChatGPT.Afteranswering,participantswereaskedwhetherthestatementtheyreadinfluencedtheiranswers.Eightypercentofparticipantsreportedthattheiranswerswerenotinfluencedbythestatementstheyread.However,theauthorsfoundthattheanswersparticipantsbelievedtheywouldhaveprovidedwithoutreadingthestatementswerestillmorelikelytoagreewiththemoralstanceofthestatementtheydidreadthanwiththeoppositestance.ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.12.WhatareChatGPT’sanswerstoacertainmoralstancelikeaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Inconsistent. B.Valuable. C.Creative. D.Simple.13.Whatislearnedabouttheparticipants?A.TheyadmittedthepowerofChatGPT.B.Theywereinterviewedbyamoraladvisor.C.TheywereaffectedbyChatGPTunknowingly.D.Theywerepresentedwithdifferentmoraldilemmas.14.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Differentfindingsofthestudy. B.Futurepotentialsforchatbots.C.Majorfocusesoffutureeducation. D.Solutionstotheimpactofchatbots.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ChatGPTTendstoCauseMoralPanics B.ChatGPT:IsItLikelytoAffectOurLife?C.ChatGPT:WhyIsItMakingUsSoNervous? D.ChatGPTCanInfluenceHumanMoralJudgments【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人類(lèi)對(duì)道德困境的反應(yīng)可能會(huì)受到人工智能聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT所寫(xiě)語(yǔ)句的影響。文章介紹了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后提到了解決聊天機(jī)器人影響的方法?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TheyfoundthatChatGPTwroterandomstatementsarguingbothforandagainstsacrificingonelife,indicatingthatitisnotbiasedtowardsacertainmoralstance(立場(chǎng)).(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，ChatGPT隨機(jī)寫(xiě)出支持或反對(duì)犧牲一條生命的陳述，這表明它并不偏向于某種道德立場(chǎng))”可推知，ChatGPT對(duì)某種道德立場(chǎng)的回答不一致。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(這表明參與者可能低估了ChatGPT的陳述對(duì)他們自己道德判斷的影響)”可知，參與者在不知不覺(jué)中受到了ChatGPT的影響。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theauthorssuggestthatthepotentialforchatbotstoinfluencehumanmoraljudgmentshighlightstheneedforeducationtohelphumansbetterunderstandartificialintelligence.Theyproposethatfutureresearchshoulddesignchatbotsthateitherdeclinetoanswerquestionsrequiringamoraljudgmentoranswerthesequestionsbyprovidingmultipleargumentsandwarnings.(作者認(rèn)為，聊天機(jī)器人影響人類(lèi)道德判斷的潛力凸顯了教育的必要性，以幫助人類(lèi)更好地理解人工智能。他們提出，未來(lái)的研究應(yīng)該設(shè)計(jì)出這樣的聊天機(jī)器人：要么拒絕回答需要道德判斷的問(wèn)題，要么通過(guò)提供多種論證和警告來(lái)回答這些問(wèn)題)”可知，最后一段主要講解決聊天機(jī)器人影響人類(lèi)道德判斷力的方法。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Humanresponsestomoraldilemmas(兩難選擇)canbeinfluencedbystatementswrittenbytheartificialintelligencechatbotChatGPT,accordingtoastudypublishedinScientificReports.(發(fā)表在《科學(xué)報(bào)告》上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人類(lèi)對(duì)道德困境的反應(yīng)可能會(huì)受到人工智能聊天機(jī)器人ChatGPT所寫(xiě)言論的影響)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“ThisindicatesthatparticipantsmayhaveunderestimatedtheinfluenceofChatGPT’sstatementsontheirownmoraljudgments.(這表明參與者可能低估了ChatGPT的陳述對(duì)他們自己道德判斷的影響)”并結(jié)合文章介紹了研究開(kāi)展的經(jīng)過(guò)以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后提到了解決聊天機(jī)器人影響的方法?？芍珼選項(xiàng)“ChatGPT可以影響人類(lèi)的道德判斷”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Learninghowtocareforasadpersonwillhelpyoubethereforyourlovedonesandfriendswhentheyaredown.However,knowinghowtocareforasadpersonisnotsomethinganindividualisbornwith.____16____Hereareafewtipsthatwilleventuallyhelpyouliftthespiritofasadperson.Giveahug.Huggingsomeoneshowsyouraffectionandcare.____17____Thiscanmakethemfeelrelaxedandopentoyou.Thiscanalsohelpthemrecognizethatyouaretheretohelpthemgothroughthismoment.Withnokindandlovingwords,youractionshavealreadysaidalot.____18____Now,goonandsaysomekindwords.Wordslike“I’mhere”,“weareinthistogether”,“you’llgetoverthis”,“l(fā)eanonme”andsoon,canhelpasadpersonfeelbetterandknowthatyou’retheretotakehim/herthroughthesadmoment.Usetherighttoneofvoice.____19____Theygoalongwithtonetoconveyameaningtothelistener.Toconveyyourwordswithfaiththatwouldcreateapositiveeffectonthesadpersonyouwouldneedtosayitwiththerighttoneofvoice.Listenpatiently.Peopleasklotsofquestionsbuttheyenduppayinglittleattentiontogettingthefeedback(反饋)thattheywanted.Don’tbethatperson.Afteraskingthequestions,listenpatientlytoknowwhatthesadpersonwouldappreciateatthattime.____20____A.Saykindlovingwords.B.Makeuseofpoliteexpressions.C.Thenchoosetoappreciateotherstoo.D.Rememberthatwordsdonotstandalone.E.Itwillhelpyouknowhowtoofferthebestfittinghelp.F.Thisknowledgeisgainedthroughresearchandpractice.G.Whenyoudothistosomeone,theycanfeelyourwarmth.【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了如何照顧一個(gè)傷心的人。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Learninghowtocareforasadpersonwillhelpyoubethereforyourlovedonesandfriendswhentheyaredown.However,knowinghowtocareforasadpersonisnotsomethinganindividualisbornwith.(學(xué)習(xí)如何關(guān)心一個(gè)傷心的人會(huì)幫助你在你愛(ài)的人和朋友倒下的時(shí)候陪在他們身邊。然而，知道如何照顧一個(gè)傷心的人并不是一個(gè)人與生俱來(lái)的)”可知，上文提到“知道如何照顧一個(gè)傷心的人并不是一個(gè)人與生俱來(lái)的”，說(shuō)明需要通過(guò)研究和實(shí)踐獲得，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)Thisknowledge對(duì)應(yīng)上文knowinghowtocareforasadperson。故F選項(xiàng)“這些知識(shí)是通過(guò)研究和實(shí)踐獲得的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Giveahug.Huggingsomeoneshowsyouraffectionandcare.(給一個(gè)擁抱。擁抱某人表示你愛(ài)和關(guān)心)”以及后文“Thiscanmakethemfeelrelaxedandopentoyou.(這會(huì)讓他們感到放松，對(duì)你敞開(kāi)心扉)”可知，擁抱某人表示你的愛(ài)和關(guān)心，所以當(dāng)你對(duì)別人這樣做時(shí)，他們能感受到你的溫暖。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你對(duì)別人這樣做時(shí)，他們能感受到你的溫暖”承接上文，指出擁抱某人的好處，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Now,goonandsaysomekindwords.Wordslike“I’mhere”,“weareinthistogether”,“you’llgetoverthis”,“l(fā)eanonme”andsoon,canhelpasadpersonfeelbetterandknowthatyou’retheretotakehim/herthroughthesadmoment.(現(xiàn)在，繼續(xù)說(shuō)幾句好話(huà)吧。像“我在這里”、“我們?cè)谝黄稹?、“你?huì)挺過(guò)來(lái)的”、“依靠我”之類(lèi)的話(huà)，可以幫助悲傷的人感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)，讓他們知道你會(huì)陪著他/她度過(guò)悲傷的時(shí)刻)”可知，本段主要關(guān)于對(duì)別人說(shuō)一些暖心的話(huà)語(yǔ)，故A選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)些親切的愛(ài)的話(huà)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。【19題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Usetherighttoneofvoice.(使用正確的語(yǔ)氣)”以及后文“Theygoalongwithtonetoconveyameaningtothelistener.(它們配合語(yǔ)氣向聽(tīng)者傳達(dá)意思)”可知，后文提到言語(yǔ)配合語(yǔ)氣向聽(tīng)者傳達(dá)意思，說(shuō)明不是孤立的，D選項(xiàng)words對(duì)應(yīng)后文they。故D選項(xiàng)“記住，言語(yǔ)不是孤立的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Afteraskingthequestions,listenpatientlytoknowwhatthesadpersonwouldappreciateatthattime.(問(wèn)完問(wèn)題后，耐心地聽(tīng)，知道那個(gè)悲傷的人當(dāng)時(shí)會(huì)感激什么)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說(shuō)明傾聽(tīng)的作用：幫助你知道如何提供最合適的幫助，故E選項(xiàng)“它將幫助你知道如何提供最合適的幫助”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分45分)第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。I'vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnut(黑核桃樹(shù))．InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsas___21___asbaseballsputyourheadatrisk.Patio(露臺(tái))umbrellasarea___22___whiledininginthegardenbeginninginearlyAugust,andbecauseoftheamountoffruitthisseason,I___23___myhelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.Also,theblackwalnutproducesachemicalsubstance(物質(zhì))throughitsrootsasa___24___strategy,whichispoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesIbroughthomewith___25___thatthewalnutwould___26___acceptthem,buttheyallfailedtogrowwell.Whatdoes___27___arenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Theyareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(傳粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsand___28___toahealthyenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperienceless___29___．HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiant_____30_____inmybackyard?Yes,_____31_____,removingthistreestandingat50feetisnexttoimpossible.I’malso_____32_____underthetree.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatliveinit.Treesabsorbairpollutionandkeepcitiescoolerandmorelivable.Theyarehometomanybirdsandinsectspeciesandare_____33_____forkeepingourenvironmentbalanced.Sometimes,I_____34_____mylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican’t_____35_____aspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandsingloudlybeforedawn.ImissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleavesbeforethe_____36_____threatentofall.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseason_____37_____:Whatarethechancesofbeingknocked_____38_____whilebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I’llneverbepleased.I’mstuckwiththistree,soI’lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceit_____39_____.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahometowildlifeandareminderthat_____40_____,insteadofresistance,isthebetterwaytobe.21.A.aggressive B.powerful C.fast D.hard22.A.comfort B.must C.favor D.decision23.A.carry B.keep