河南省部分名校2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省部分名校2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期4月期中英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheAcademyofNutritionandDieteticsistheworld’slargestorganizationoffoodandnutritionprofessionals.Inits2025Food&NutritionConference,fourregistereddietitiannutritionists(RDNs)sharetheirjourney,lovefornutritionandtheircommunityimpact.JessicaCrandallSnyderJessicaCrandallSnydergrewupinthemidwestandalwayshadaninterestinnutrition,whichwasinspiredbyhermother’sstrugglewithweight.Sheinitiallypursuedacareerinjournalism,butherpassionforthefieldcontinuedtogrow,leadinghertoswitchtoacareerasanRDN.Today,sheservesasaspokespersonfortheAcademyofNutritionandDietetics.SharonSmallingSharonSmallinghasalwaysbeenanathlete.Incollege,shediscoveredthecrucialroleofnutritioninpeakperformance,whichinspiredhertopursueadegreeinNutritionandDietetics.Now,sheworksasanRDNtocreatenutritioneducationprogramsforinner-citychildren.Sheaimstoenablechildrentomakehealthychoices.ChristyWilsonChristyWilson’sstruggleswithaneatingdisorderincollegeledhertopursuenutritionasawaytokeepgoodphysicalcondition.HerpassionforthefieldledhertobecomeanRDNandshenowworksasadietitianforatreatmentcenterthateducatespeoplewitheatingdisordersonhowtodevelopahealthyrelationshipwithfood.SylviaKlingerSylviaKlingergrewupinColombiaandhadbeenexposedtoadiverserangeoffreshfruitsandvegetablesthatledhertodevelopadeeppassionforfoodandnutrition.AftermovingtotheUnitedStates,shebecameanRDNandisnowfocusedoneducatingtheLatin(拉丁人)communityaboutnutritionandhealthyeatinghabits.Sylviaiscommittedtoimprovinghealthoutcomes.1.Whowasmoreinfluencedbyanotherperson’sexperiencetochoosenutrition?A.JessicaCrandallSnyder. B.SharonSmalling.C.ChristyWilson. D.SylviaKlinger.2.WhydidChristyWilsonbegintopursuenutrition?A.Topromoteanewdietstyle.B.Tohelphergetridoftheillness.C.Toconductresearchoneatingdisorder.D.Toeducatepeoplewiththesameexperience.3.WhatdoweknowaboutSylviaKlinger?A.ShegrewupintheUnitedStates.B.Shewasnotinterestedinnutritionatfirst.C.ShenowworksfortheLatincommunity.D.Sheswitchedtoacareerrelatedtohighereducation.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了四位注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師（RDNs）的職業(yè)旅程、對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)的熱愛(ài)以及他們對(duì)社區(qū)的影響?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JessicaCrandallSnyder部分中“JessicaCrandallSnydergrewupinthemidwestandalwayshadaninterestinnutrition,whichwasinspiredbyhermother’sstrugglewithweight.(JessicaCrandallSnyder在中西部長(zhǎng)大，一直對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)感興趣，這源于她母親與體重的斗爭(zhēng))”可知，JessicaCrandallSnyder是受他人經(jīng)歷影響而選擇營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)的。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChristyWilson部分中“ChristyWilson’sstruggleswithaneatingdisorderincollegeledhertopursuenutritionasawaytokeepgoodphysicalcondition.(ChristyWilson在大學(xué)時(shí)與飲食失調(diào)的斗爭(zhēng)讓她選擇追求營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)，以此作為保持良好身體狀況的一種方式)”可知，ChristyWilson開(kāi)始追求營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)是為了幫助自己擺脫疾病。故選B。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“AftermovingtotheUnitedStates,shebecameanRDNandisnowfocusedoneducatingtheLatincommunityaboutnutritionandhealthyeatinghabits.(搬到美國(guó)后，她成為了一名注冊(cè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)師，現(xiàn)在專注于向拉丁社區(qū)傳授營(yíng)養(yǎng)和健康飲食習(xí)慣。)”可知，SylviaKlinger現(xiàn)在為拉丁社區(qū)工作。故選C。BThefirstrecordedattemptstoreachAntarcticacameinthe1820s,withRussiansailorsdescribingabarren(荒蕪的)landscapeanddangerousfrozenseas.ButanewresearchnowsuggeststhatMāori(毛利人)sailorsgottherebeforeanyoneelse—1,200yearsago.TherecentpaperintheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealandaimstobringtolightthecontributionsoftheMāoripeopletoAntarcticvoyages.LedbyDr.PriscillaWehi,theteamlookedatMāorioralhistoriesaswellas“greyliterature”—researchoutsideofconventionalacademicareas,andfoundconnectionsbetweentheMāoriandAntarcticahavebeenoccurringsincetheearliesttraditionalvoyaging.“TheirconnectiontoAntarcticaremainspoorlydocumentedandacknowledgedintheresearch,”Wehisaid.“Thispaperbeginstofillthisgap.”Theresearchersfirsthighlightanearly7thcenturysouthernvoyagebyaMāorichiefHuiTeRangioraandhiscrew.ThisearlyexplorerissaidtohavereachedtheAntarcticOcean,theRossIceShelfontheedgeofAntarctica,wherethenavigatorencounteredsnowandicebergs.ThiswouldhavelikelymadethemthefirsthumanstoseeAntarcticwaters,overathousandyearsbeforetheEuropeanexpedition.EvenwiththearrivalofEuropeanexplorers,Māorispecialknowledgewasvalued.TeAtu—aNgāpuhiman—hasbeencalledthefirstMāoritohelpmaptheAntarcticcoastlinein1840.Māoriwerealsopartofthe“HeroicAgeofAntarcticExploration”inthelate19thandearly20thcentury,helpingEuropeanexplorerswithmedicine,construction,scientificpracticeandmoreonjourneystoAntarctica.Morerecently,anumberofMāorihaveparticipatedinNewZealand’sAntarcticscienceprograms,doingstudyoneverythingfromtheeffectsofclimatechangetopenguinpopulationecology.TheteambehindthislatestpaperhopesthatmoreandmoreMāoripeoplewillcontributetheirknowledgeandexperiencestoadvancethescientificenquiryonthisremotecontinent.4.Whatisthemaintopicofthenewpaper?A.TheEuropeanexplorationofAntarctica.B.ThehistoryofMāorivoyagestoAntarctica.C.ThescientificresearchconductedinAntarctica.D.TheeffectofnavigationonAntarcticecosystem.5.WhatphenomenondoesDr.PriscillaWehidescribeinparagraph2?A.TravelingtoAntarcticaispopular.B.HisteamhasfilledthegapofMāorioralhistories.C.ThereisnoconnectionbetweenMāoriandAntarctica.D.Māoriexplorationisoftenignoredbyscholars.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Europeanexplorers’journeytoAntarctica. B.Māori’stroubleinexploringtheAntarctica.C.Māori’scontributionstoAntarcticexploration. D.Europeanexplorers’helpwithMāori’svoyages.7.WhatcanbeexpectedaboutMāori’sfutureroleaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itwillchangeduetotheteam’shelp. B.Itwilldominatethescientificresearch.C.ItwilladvancetheAntarcticresearch. D.Itwillmainlyfocusonpenguinpopulation.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹毛利人最早到達(dá)南極洲及其對(duì)南極航行的貢獻(xiàn)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ButanewresearchnowsuggeststhatMāori(毛利人)sailorsgottherebeforeanyoneelse—1,200yearsago.TherecentpaperintheJournaloftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealandaimstobringtolightthecontributionsoftheMāoripeopletoAntarcticvoyages.(但現(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)新的研究表明毛利人水手比任何人都早到達(dá)那里——1200年前。最近發(fā)表在《新西蘭皇家學(xué)會(huì)雜志》上的一篇論文旨在揭示毛利人對(duì)南極航行的貢獻(xiàn))”可知，這篇論文主要講述毛利人的南極洲航行史。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“LedbyDr.PriscillaWehi,theteamlookedatMāorioralhistoriesaswellas“greyliterature”—researchoutsideofconventionalacademicareas,andfoundconnectionsbetweentheMāoriandAntarcticahavebeenoccurringsincetheearliesttraditionalvoyaging.“TheirconnectiontoAntarcticaremainspoorlydocumentedandacknowledgedintheresearch,”Wehisaid.“Thispaperbeginstofillthisgap.”(在普里西拉·韋希博士的帶領(lǐng)下，這個(gè)研究小組研究了毛利人的口述歷史和“灰色文獻(xiàn)”——傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域之外的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)毛利人和南極洲之間的聯(lián)系從最早的傳統(tǒng)航行開(kāi)始就存在了?！八麄兣c南極洲的聯(lián)系在研究中仍然很少被記錄和承認(rèn)，”韋希說(shuō)?！斑@篇論文開(kāi)始填補(bǔ)這一空白?！?”可知，本段主要描述的現(xiàn)象是：毛利人的探索經(jīng)常被學(xué)者忽視。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“EvenwiththearrivalofEuropeanexplorers,Māorispecialknowledgewasvalued.TeAtu—aNgāpuhiman—hasbeencalledthefirstMāoritohelpmaptheAntarcticcoastlinein1840.Māoriwerealsopartofthe“HeroicAgeofAntarcticExploration”inthelate19thandearly20thcentury,helpingEuropeanexplorerswithmedicine,construction,scientificpracticeandmoreonjourneystoAntarctica.(即使有了歐洲探險(xiǎn)家的到來(lái)，毛利人特別的知識(shí)還是受到重視。泰·阿圖是一個(gè)Ngāpuhi人，他在1840年被稱為第一個(gè)毛利人幫助繪制南極海岸線。毛利人也是19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)初“南極探險(xiǎn)英雄時(shí)代”的一部分，幫助歐洲探險(xiǎn)家進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)，建筑，科學(xué)實(shí)踐和更多的南極之旅)”可知，該段主要講述“毛利人對(duì)于南極探險(xiǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)”。故選C。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Morerecently,anumberofMāorihaveparticipatedinNewZealand’sAntarcticscienceprograms,doingstudyoneverythingfromtheeffectsofclimatechangetopenguinpopulationecology.TheteambehindthislatestpaperhopesthatmoreandmoreMāoripeoplewillcontributetheirknowledgeandexperiencestoadvancethescientificenquiryonthisremotecontinent.(最近，許多毛利人參加了新西蘭的南極科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，研究從氣候變化的影響到企鵝種群生態(tài)的一切。這篇最新論文背后的團(tuán)隊(duì)希望越來(lái)越多的毛利人將貢獻(xiàn)他們的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)推進(jìn)對(duì)這個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)大陸的科學(xué)探索)”可知，最近，毛利人無(wú)疑將推進(jìn)對(duì)南極的研究。故選C。CTheAlaskangovernmenthasanewfour-leggedfriendkeepingmigratorybirdsandotheranimalsawayfromtherunwaysatFairbanksInternationalAirport:adog-likerobot,“Aurora.”TheAlaskaDepartmentofTransportationandPublicFacilitiespostedits“newhire”onInstagramlastmonth,sayingthattherobotwillbetrialedto“augmentairportsafety”bytryingtopreventencountersbetweenplanesandwildlife.In2023,92animalcollisions(相撞)werereportedatairportsnearAlaska.Andthat’sjustAlaska.Tryingtoeasethisproblemwithoutharmingwildliferequiressomecreativethinking.AndthatiswhereAuroracomesin.Auroraisaheadlessrobot,aboutthesizeofahuntingdog.Auroracanclimbrocksandstairs,andevendoalittledance.Itisthesemovementsthatitscreators,BostonDynamics,hopewillbepartofastrategytokeeprunwaysclearofwildlife,especiallymigratorybirdsintheautumn.Sillyasitmayseem,Auroracandothesemovementsofpredatorssuchasfoxesandwolves,whichhopefullywillcreateafearresponseinthebirdsandotherwildlife.Auroraisjustthelatestinalonglineofrejectedpotentialsolutionstothebirdandwildlifeproblematairports.OnesuggestionthatwasputforwardinAlaskawasflyingdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))tothrowrepellents(驅(qū)蟲(chóng)劑)intotheair,butitwasbelievedtoorisky.Andyet,despitethefactthatAuroracostsabout$70,000,accordingtoRyanMarlow,Aurora’srobothandler,therobotisstillpreferabletoadog.“Aborderdogrequiresfood,training,warmth,butdoesn’tcollectdataforus,”hesaid.ThereissomethingaboutAurorathathasgreatfun.Maybeitisthedancing,orjusttheveryconceptofarobotchasingbirdsaround.Whateverthecase,comparingtoothersolutionsitseemsthatAuroracanmakeairportsjustabitmoresafeforpeopleandanimalsalike.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“augment”meaninparagraph1?A.Enhance. B.Inspect. C.Prove. D.Check.9.HowdoesAuroraintendtokeeprunwaysclearofwildlife?A.Byproducingchemicalsubstances. B.Bymodellingafterpredators’behaviors.C.Byusingsoundwavestodriveanimalsaway. D.Bydirectlyremovinganimalsfromthearea.10.WhydoesRyanMarlowconsiderAurorapreferabletoarealdog?A.Itischeaperinthelongrun. B.Itrequiresfoodandtraining.C.Itcanclimbrocksandstairs. D.Itcangatherdataforanalysis.11.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheAurorarobotinthelastparagraph?A.Itisnotaseffectiveasexpected. B.Ithasbroughtentertainmenttotheairport.C.Ithasmadeairportsthesafestplacesforall. D.Itisamorepracticalsolutionthanotheroptions.【答案】8.A9.B10.D11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹機(jī)器人Aurora靠模仿捕食者行為保持跑道上沒(méi)有野生動(dòng)物，讓機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都更加安全?！?題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“preventencountersbetweenplanesandwildlife(防止飛機(jī)與野生動(dòng)物相遇)”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器人能防止飛機(jī)與野生動(dòng)物相遇，由此判斷，該做法可以“增強(qiáng)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全”，故劃線詞意思是“增強(qiáng)”。故選A。【9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Itisthesemovementsthatitscreators,BostonDynamics,hopewillbepartofastrategytokeeprunwaysclearofwildlife,especiallymigratorybirdsintheautumn.Sillyasitmayseem,Auroracandothesemovementsofpredatorssuchasfoxesandwolves,whichhopefullywillcreateafearresponseinthebirdsandotherwildlife.(它的創(chuàng)造者波士頓動(dòng)力公司希望這些運(yùn)動(dòng)能成為一項(xiàng)策略的一部分，讓跑道遠(yuǎn)離野生動(dòng)物，尤其是秋天的候鳥(niǎo)。雖然看起來(lái)很傻，但Aurora可以模仿狐貍和狼等掠食者的動(dòng)作，希望能在鳥(niǎo)類和其他野生動(dòng)物中產(chǎn)生恐懼反應(yīng))”可知，Aurora靠模仿捕食者行為保持跑道上沒(méi)有野生動(dòng)物。故選B。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Andyet,despitethefactthatAuroracostsabout$70,000,accordingtoRyanMarlow,Aurora’srobothandler,therobotisstillpreferabletoadog.“Aborderdogrequiresfood,training,warmth,butdoesn’tcollectdataforus,”hesaid.(然而，據(jù)Aurora的機(jī)器人管理員瑞安·馬洛說(shuō)，盡管Aurora的價(jià)格約為7萬(wàn)美元，但它仍然比狗更可取。他說(shuō)：“邊境犬需要食物、訓(xùn)練和溫暖，但它不會(huì)為我們收集數(shù)據(jù)?！?”可知，RyanMarlow認(rèn)為機(jī)器人比狗更可取是因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人可以收集數(shù)據(jù)用于分析。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThereissomethingaboutAurorathathasgreatfun.Maybeitisthedancing,orjusttheveryconceptofarobotchasingbirdsaround.Whateverthecase,comparingtoothersolutionsitseemsthatAuroracanmakeairportsjustabitmoresafeforpeopleandanimalsalike.(Aurora有一種非常有趣的東西。也許是因?yàn)槲璧?，或者只是機(jī)器人追鳥(niǎo)的概念。無(wú)論如何，與其他解決方案相比，Aurora似乎可以讓機(jī)場(chǎng)對(duì)人和動(dòng)物都更安全)”可知，作者認(rèn)為機(jī)器人Aurora是一個(gè)比其他選擇更實(shí)用的解決方案。故選D。DResearchersmonitoringthelightlesslandscapeofthePacificOceanfloorthinkthey’veobserved“darkoxygen”beingcreatedthere,potentiallychallengingcommonlyheldbeliefsabouthowoxygenisproducedonEarth.Untilnow,itwasthoughtthatoxygenwascreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis(光合作用),aprocessthatrequiressunlight.Butthediscoverycastsdoubtonthattheoryandraisesnewquestionsabouttheoriginsoflifeitself.TheresearchteamledbySweetman,aprofessorwiththeScottishAssociationforMarineScienceinOban,Scotland,publisheditsfindingsMondayinanarticleinthejournalNatureGeoscience.Thescientistsaren’tcertainhowoxygeniscreatedatsuchdarkdepths,buttheybelieveit’sbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmineralscalledpolymetallicnodules(多金屬結(jié)核).Thesenodules—“effectivelybatteriesinarock,”Sweetmansaid—mayusetheirelectricchargetosplitseawaterintohydrogenandoxygen.Thesenodulescontainmetalssuchasmanganese,nickelandcobalt,whichcanbeusedtomakethebatteriesusedinconsumerelectronics,appliancesandelectricvehicles.FranzGeiger,aNorthwesternUniversitychemistryprofessorwhoworkedonthestudy,saidinaseparatenewsreleasethattheremaybeenoughnodulesinanareaofthePacificOceancalledtheClarion-ClippertonZonetomeetglobalenergydemandsfordecadesafter.ButGeigeralsosaidthatminingwouldhavetobeconductedinawaythatdidnotremoveoxygenforlifeformsinthatpartoftheocean.Companiesconductedexploratorymissionsfordeep-seamininginthe1970sand80s,hesaid,andrecentresearchsuggeststhatthosemissionsmayhavehadinfluencesonmarinelifeintheareafordecades.“Afewyearsago,ateamofmarinebiologistswentbacktothoseareasandfoundessentiallynolife,”Geigersaid.“Andthenafewhundredmetersovertotheleftandright,wherethenoduleswereundamaged,plentyoflife.”12.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?A.Ithighlightstheroleofsunlightinseawater.B.Itbelievesthelevelofoxygenishigherinthedeepsea.C.Itarguesoxygeniscreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis.D.Itdoubtstheconventionalviewofhowoxygenisproduced.13.Whatgeneratestheoxygenundertheseaaccordingtothescientists?A.Hydrogenandseawater. B.Specialmineralsontheseabed.C.Akindofeffectivebatteries. D.Marineplantsandsunlight.14.WhydidGeigermentionthedeep-seamininginthe1970sand80s?A.Toemphasizethevalueofmarinebiologists’work. B.Topraisepreviousexploratoryachievements.C.Toremindpeopletoprotectmarinelife. D.Toencouragefurthermarineexploitation.15.Whatwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ScientistsDiscover“DarkOxygen”ontheSeaFloorB.MineralResourcesAreDetectedinthePacificOceanC.NodulesHaveChangedtheUnderseaLandscapeD.“DarkOxygen”intheDeepSea—theOriginofLife【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文?？茖W(xué)家們?cè)诤Ｑ笾邪l(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新的方式產(chǎn)生的氧氣——“暗氧”。他們認(rèn)為，海底的特殊巖石可能像電池一樣把海水電解，產(chǎn)生氧氣。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ResearchersmonitoringthelightlesslandscapeofthePacificOceanfloorthinkthey’veobserved“darkoxygen”beingcreatedthere,potentiallychallengingcommonlyheldbeliefsabouthowoxygenisproducedonEarth.(監(jiān)測(cè)太平洋海底無(wú)光景觀的研究人員認(rèn)為，他們已經(jīng)觀察到那里正在產(chǎn)生“暗氧”，這可能會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)地球上氧氣產(chǎn)生方式的普遍看法)”及第二段“Untilnow,itwasthoughtthatoxygenwascreatedonlythroughphotosynthesis(光合作用),aprocessthatrequiressunlight.Butthediscoverycastsdoubtonthattheoryandraisesnewquestionsabouttheoriginsoflifeitself.(到目前為止，人們一直認(rèn)為氧氣只能通過(guò)光合作用產(chǎn)生，而光合作用需要陽(yáng)光。但這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)該理論提出了質(zhì)疑，并對(duì)生命本身的起源提出了新的問(wèn)題)”可知，新研究挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)地球上氧氣產(chǎn)生方式的普遍看法。故選D?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thescientistsaren’tcertainhowoxygeniscreatedatsuchdarkdepths,buttheybelieveit’sbeingproducedbyelectricallychargedmineralscalledpolymetallicnodules(多金屬結(jié)核).Thesenodules—“effectivelybatteriesinarock,”Sweetmansaid—mayusetheirelectricchargetosplitseawaterintohydrogenandoxygen.(科學(xué)家們不確定氧氣是如何在如此黑暗的深處產(chǎn)生的，但他們認(rèn)為氧氣是由一種叫做多金屬結(jié)核的帶電礦物產(chǎn)生的。這些結(jié)核——“實(shí)際上是巖石中的電池，”斯威特曼說(shuō)——可以利用它們的電荷將海水分解成氫和氧)”可知，海底的特殊礦物在海底產(chǎn)生氧氣。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButGeigeralsosaidthatminingwouldhavetobeconductedinawaythatdidnotremoveoxygenforlifeformsinthatpartoftheocean.Companiesconductedexploratorymissionsfordeep-seamininginthe1970sand80s,hesaid,andrecentresearchsuggeststhatthosemissionsmayhavehadinfluencesonmarinelifeintheareafordecades.“Afewyearsago,ateamofmarinebiologistswentbacktothoseareasandfoundessentiallynolife,”Geigersaid.“Andthenafewhundredmetersovertotheleftandright,wherethenoduleswereundamaged,plentyoflife.”(但蓋格也表示，采礦必須以一種不會(huì)為海洋中生命形式去除氧氣的方式進(jìn)行。他說(shuō)，公司在上世紀(jì)七八十年代進(jìn)行了深海采礦的勘探任務(wù)，最近的研究表明，這些任務(wù)可能對(duì)該地區(qū)的海洋生物產(chǎn)生了數(shù)十年的影響。蓋格說(shuō)：“幾年前，一組海洋生物學(xué)家回到這些地區(qū)，發(fā)現(xiàn)基本上沒(méi)有生命。然后在幾百米左右的地方，那里的多金屬結(jié)核沒(méi)有受損，有很多生命?！?”可知Geiger提到上世紀(jì)七八十年代的深海采礦活動(dòng)，是因?yàn)檫@些活動(dòng)對(duì)該地區(qū)的海洋生物產(chǎn)生了幾十年的影響，采礦區(qū)域幾乎沒(méi)有生命，而未受破壞的區(qū)域有很多生命，由此推斷，Geiger提到上世紀(jì)七八十年代的深海采礦是為了提醒人們保護(hù)海洋生物。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ResearchersmonitoringthelightlesslandscapeofthePacificOceanfloorthinkthey’veobserved“darkoxygen”beingcreatedthere,potentiallychallengingcommonlyheldbeliefsabouthowoxygenisproducedonEarth.(監(jiān)測(cè)太平洋海底無(wú)光景觀的研究人員認(rèn)為，他們已經(jīng)觀察到那里正在產(chǎn)生“暗氧”，這可能會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)人們對(duì)地球上氧氣產(chǎn)生方式的普遍看法)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了研究人員在太平洋海底無(wú)光區(qū)域發(fā)現(xiàn)了“暗氧”的產(chǎn)生，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于地球上氧氣產(chǎn)生方式的傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)。A選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家在海底發(fā)現(xiàn)“暗氧””能很好地概括文章的主要內(nèi)容，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TheSignificanceofaHealthyLifestyleAsseniorhighstudents,weoftenfindourselvesburiedunderapileoftextbooksandassignments,makingiteasytoignoreourhealth.___16___Ahealthylifestylesignificantlycontributestophysicalfitness.Regularexercise,forexample,isabasisofphysicalwell-being.Whenweengageinjogging,swimming,orcycling,ithelpstostrengthenourmuscles,improvecardiovascular(心血管的)function,andboostourimmune(免疫)system.___17___Additionally,abalanceddietisequallyimportant.Consumingavarietyoffoods,includingplentyoffruits,vegetables,wholegrains,leanproteins,andhealthyfats,providesourbodieswiththenecessarynutrientstofunctionbest.Mentalhealthalsobenefitsgreatlyfromahealthylifestyle.Sufficientsleep,whichisanessentialpartofit,allowsourbrainstorestandrecover.Whenwegetenoughsleep,wewakeupfeelingrefreshedandreadytofacetheday.___18______19___Whenindividualsarehealthy,theyarelesslikelytorelyonmedicalresources,thusreducingtheburdenonthehealthcaresystem.Itissuggestedthatmoreavailableandaccessiblehealthconsultationservicesbeprovidedtoteachtheimportanceofmaintainingahealthylifestyleinthegeneralpublic.Inthelongrun,ahealthylifestylehasfar-reachingsignificanceforourqualityoflife.Peoplewhomaintainhealthyhabitsaremorelikelytohaveahigherenergylevelthroughouttheirlives.Thismeanstheycanactivelyparticipateinvariousactivities,whetherit’sspendingtimewithfamily,pursuinghobbies,orengagingincommunitywork.___20___Theymayexperienceadeclineintheirphysicalandmentalcapabilitiesatarelativelyyoungage,limitingtheirlifechoicesandexperiences.A.Italsoplaysapositiveroleinoursociallife.B.Therearemanywaystostartlivingahealthylifestyle.C.Incontrast,thosewithunhealthylifestylesmayleadaninactivelife.D.Thesephysicalactivitiescanalsohelpusmaintainahealthyweight.E.Thiscanleadtobetterconcentration,improvedmemory,andenhancedmood.F.What’smore,ahealthylifestylecansavealargeamountofmedicalexpenses.G.However,ahealthylifestyleiscrucialforourwell-beingandacademicperformance.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.F20.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了健康生活方式的重要性。【16題詳析】上文“Asseniorhighstudents,weoftenfindourselvesburiedunderapileoftextbooksandassignments,makingiteasytoignoreourhealth.(作為高中生，我們常常發(fā)現(xiàn)自己埋在一堆課本和作業(yè)中，很容易忽視我們的健康)”指出高中生易忽視健康，G選項(xiàng)“However,ahealthylifestyleiscrucialforourwellbeingandacademicperformance.(然而，健康的生活方式對(duì)我們的幸福和學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)至關(guān)重要)”與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出健康生活方式的重要性這一論述主題，上下文語(yǔ)意銜接自然。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】上文“Whenweengageinjogging,swimming,orcycling,ithelpstostrengthenourmuscles,improvecardiovascular(心血管的)function,andboostourimmune(免疫)system.(當(dāng)我們進(jìn)行慢跑、游泳或騎自行車時(shí)，它有助于增強(qiáng)我們的肌肉，改善心血管功能，并提高我們的免疫系統(tǒng))”闡述了運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)身體的好處，D選項(xiàng)“Thesephysicalactivitiescanalsohelpusmaintainahealthyweight.(這些體育活動(dòng)也可以幫助我們保持健康的體重)”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明運(yùn)動(dòng)的好處，“Thesephysicalactivities”指代上文的“jogging,swimming,orcycling”，上下文邏輯緊密。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】上文“Whenwegetenoughsleep,wewakeupfeelingrefreshedandreadytofacetheday.(當(dāng)我們獲得足夠的睡眠時(shí)，我們醒來(lái)會(huì)感到精神煥發(fā)，準(zhǔn)備好迎接新的一天)”說(shuō)明了充足睡眠讓人精神好，E選項(xiàng)“Thiscanleadtobetterconcentration,improvedmemory,andenhancedmood.(這可以導(dǎo)致更好的注意力、改善的記憶力和提升的情緒)”進(jìn)一步解釋了充足睡眠帶來(lái)的好處，“This”指代上文“getenoughsleep”這一行為。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】下文“Whenindividualsarehealthy,theyarelesslikelytorelyonmedicalresources,thusreducingtheburdenonthehealthcaresystem.(當(dāng)個(gè)人健康時(shí)，他們不太可能依賴醫(yī)療資源，從而減輕了醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)的負(fù)擔(dān))”說(shuō)明了健康生活方式能減輕醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)負(fù)擔(dān)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“What’smore,ahealthylifestylecansavealargeamountofmedicalexpenses.(更重要的是，健康的生活方式可以節(jié)省大量的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用)”與下文內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)，都圍繞健康生活方式在醫(yī)療方面的益處展開(kāi)，上下文邏輯一致。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】上文“Peoplewhomaintainhealthyhabitsaremorelikelytohaveahigherenergylevelthroughouttheirlives.Thismeanstheycanactivelyparticipateinvariousactivities,whetherit’sspendingtimewithfamily,pursuinghobbies,orengagingincommunitywork.(保持健康習(xí)慣的人一生更有可能擁有更高的能量水平。這意味著他們可以積極參與各種活動(dòng)，無(wú)論是與家人共度時(shí)光、追求愛(ài)好還是參與社區(qū)工作)”描述了健康生活方式者的積極生活狀態(tài)，C選項(xiàng)“Incontrast,thosewithunhealthylifestylesmayleadaninactivelife.(相比之下，那些有不健康生活方式的人可能會(huì)過(guò)著不活躍的生活)”與上文形成對(duì)比，說(shuō)明不健康生活方式者的生活狀態(tài)，上下文邏輯清晰。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。TherewasahospitalnearthemallwhereIworked.Wedidn’toftenhavecustomersfromthehospital,yettherewasthisdadwho___21___broughthisyoungdaughterin.Thegirlwasabouteightyearsold,completelyhairlessfromchemo(化療).Itwasevidentthatshefelt___22___aboutit.Herdadendedup___23___hisownhead,butitdidn’tseemtohelp.Onedaytheycameinagain,andIhadanidea.Myfriendhadjustcutmyhairbutdida___24___job.SoIaskedhimtocutallmyhair.Asapersoninthirties,Iquite___25___thisnewlook.Itwasarefreshingchange,andIcouldwearhatsasa(n)___26___statement,aswellastokeepmyears___27___incolddays.Whenthelittlegirlcamein,Iquickly___28___myhat.Ihopedthatbyshowingmyshavenhead,Icould___29___withher.Shehadseenmeafewtimesbefore,butshewasstillrather____30____.Then,suddenly,alarge,strongman____31____andpointedtohisownshavenhead.His____32____wasvoluntaryasifheunderstoodthesituationdeeply.Forthatday,weformedanunspoken____33____.Thatgirlcouldnotsmilehardenough.Sheandtheman____34____heartily,whileherfathertriedhisbesttoholdbackhis____35____.Ileftthatjobaboutayearago.I’mhopingshe’sdoingallright.21.A.deliberately B.consequently C.frequently D.apparently22.A.ashamed B.astonished C.regret D.frightened23.A.washing B.touching C.shaving D.knocking24.A.serious B.difficult C.terrible D.satisfactory25.A.rejected B.accepted C.envied D.proposed26.A.fashionable B.genuine C.enthusiastic D.innocent27.A.closed B.sensitive C.clear D.warm28.A.presented B.removed C.raised D.folded29.A.connect B.talk C.cooperate D.combine30.A.miserable B.shy C.strange D.selfish31.A.stoodup B.satdown C.walkedup D.lookedaround32.A.principle B.feeling C.suggestion D.action33.A.agreement B.contract C.bond D.decision34.A.fought B.shouted C.argued D.laughed35.A.memory B.excitement C.dream D.tears【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.A30.B31.C32.D33.C34.D35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過(guò)描述作者和一位陌生男子為了讓因化療脫發(fā)而感到羞愧的小女孩感到安慰，紛紛剃光頭發(fā)，與小女孩建立起情感聯(lián)系的故事?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們不經(jīng)常有醫(yī)院的顧客，但有一位父親經(jīng)常帶他的小女兒來(lái)。A.deliberately故意地；B.consequently因此；C.frequently經(jīng)常地；D.apparently顯然地。根據(jù)上文“Wedidn’toftenhavecustomersfromthehospital,yet”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以是一位父親經(jīng)常帶他的小女兒來(lái)，故選C?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：很明顯，她對(duì)此感到羞愧。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.astonished驚訝的；C.regret后悔；D.frightened害怕的。根據(jù)上文“Thegirlwasabouteightyearsold,completelyhairlessfromchemo(化療).”可知，女孩因?yàn)榛煕](méi)有了頭發(fā)，所以應(yīng)該是感到羞愧，故選A?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的父親最終剃掉了自己的頭，但這似乎沒(méi)有幫助。A.washing洗；B.touching觸摸；C.shaving剃；D.knocking敲。根據(jù)下文“Ihopedthatbyshowingmyshavenhead”可知作者也剃了頭，所以這里說(shuō)的是小女孩的父親剃掉了自己的頭發(fā)，故選C。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友剛給我剪了頭發(fā)，但剪得很糟糕。A.serious嚴(yán)肅的；B.difficult困難的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.satisfactory令人滿意的。根據(jù)下文“SoIaskedhimtocutallmyhair.”可推斷，剪得很糟糕，故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)三十多歲的人，我完全接受了這種新的面貌。A.rejected拒絕；B.accepted接受；C.envied嫉妒；D.proposed提議。根據(jù)下文“Itwasarefreshingchange,andIcouldwearhats”可知，作者接受了這種新的面貌，故選B?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一種令人耳目一新的變化，我可以戴上帽子作為一種時(shí)尚的表達(dá)，也可以在寒冷的日子里為我的耳朵保暖。A.fashionable時(shí)尚的；B.genuine真誠(chéng)的；C.enthusiastic熱情的；D.innocent無(wú)辜的。根據(jù)上文“Icouldwearhats”和常識(shí)可知，戴帽子是一種時(shí)尚，故選A。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.closed關(guān)閉的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.clear清楚的；D.warm溫暖的。根據(jù)下文“incolddays”可知，在寒冷的日子里帽子可以為耳朵保暖，故選D?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)小女孩進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，我迅速脫下帽子。A.presented呈現(xiàn)；B.removed移除；C.raised舉起；D.folded折疊。根據(jù)下文“Ihopedthatbyshowingmyshavenhead”可知，作者要展示剃了的光頭，所以是脫掉帽子，故選B?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我希望通過(guò)展示我的光頭，我可以和她交流。A.connect(with)與……建立聯(lián)系；B.talk(with)與……交談；C.cooperate(with)與……合作；D.combine(with)與……結(jié)合。根據(jù)上文“Ihopedthatbyshowingmyshavenhead”可知，作者想通過(guò)展示自己的光頭和小女孩交流，故選A。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她以前見(jiàn)過(guò)我?guī)状危€是很害羞。A.miserable痛苦的；B.shy害羞的；C.strange奇怪的；D.selfish自私的。根據(jù)上文“Shehadseenmeafewtimesbefore,but”可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以是她還是很害羞，故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：突然，一個(gè)高大強(qiáng)壯的男人走了過(guò)來(lái)，指著自己剃光的頭。A.stoodup站起來(lái)；B.satdown坐下；C.walkedup走近，走上前來(lái)；D.lookedaround環(huán)顧四周。根據(jù)下文“pointedtohisownshavenhead”可知，這個(gè)人指著自己剃光的頭，說(shuō)明是走上前來(lái)，故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的行為是自愿的，仿佛他對(duì)形勢(shì)了如指掌。A.principle原則；B.feeling感覺(jué)；C.suggestion建議；D.action行為。根據(jù)上文“Then,suddenly,alarge,strongman______andpointedtohisownshavenhead.”可知，這是行為，故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那一天，我們形成了一種默契。A.agreement協(xié)議；B.contract合同；C.bond聯(lián)系，紐帶；D.decision決定。根據(jù)上文“asifheunderstoodthesituationdeeply”可知，那一天形成了一種默契，一種聯(lián)系，故選C?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她和那個(gè)男人笑得很開(kāi)心，而她的父親則強(qiáng)忍著眼淚。A.