山東省濟(jì)寧市鄒城市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省濟(jì)寧市鄒城市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whathasthewomanbeendoinglately?A.Doinggardening. B.Learningcooking. C.Recyclingrainwater.【答案】C【原文】M:Didyouknowthatreusingrainwatercansignificantlyreduceoverallwaterusageathome?W:I’verecentlystartedcollectingitformykitchengarden.Theplantsgotagooddrinkfromtheraincontainerwhenthereareafewdayswithoutrain.2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutvirtualclassrooms?A.Convenient. B.Expensive. C.Outdated.【答案】A【原文】M:Virtualclassroomsallowstudentsworldwidetolearntogetherinrealtime.Isn’tthatfantastic?Inawayyoucantraveltheworldwhilestayingathome.W:Yeah,let’scomparethepriceswithlocalschools,shallwe?3.Whatdoesthemanplantodotomorrow?A.Takeanathletictest. B.Joinastudygroup. C.Watchasportsrace.【答案】C【原文】M:Whowonyesterday’sraceattheAthletictest?Carmen.Iwantedtowatchit,butIhadastudygrouptoattend.W:Noone.Theracegotcalledoffbecauseoftheweather.It’sduetotakeplacetomorrow.M:I’llmaketimetowatchit.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Cleaningmachines. B.Treeplanting. C.Forestprotection.【答案】B【原文】M:Ireadaboutmachinesbeingusedtoplanttreescomparedtoonepersonplanting,eachmachinecando33%moretrees.W:Soundsgood.Dotheyreallyworkwellthough?Ifso,theycouldreallyspeedupreforestationefforts.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Onaskifield. B.Atahospital. C.Inaclassroom.【答案】A【原文】M:I’mgladyoucameback.Iwasn’tsureifyouwouldafteryoufelllasttime.Hittingtheicecanbequitepainful.W:Itwas,butitonlymademewanttogetbetterandtheonlywaytodothatispractice.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistheman’sconcernaboutworkinginAIfield?A.Itcausesproblems. B.Itchangestoorapidly. C.Itlacksjobopportunities.7.Whatfieldisthemaninterestedin?A.Smarthomes. B.Self-drivingcars. C.Machinelearning.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】M:I’mthinkingaboutworkinginartificialintelligence,butitisabitscarywithallthechanges.W:It’safieldthatalwayschanges,butyouhavetothinkaboutthechancesitgivesustofixrealproblems.M:True,it’sbeenusedmoreandmoreinourdailylives,likeinsmarthomesandself-drivingcars.Indeed,therearelotsofchances.W:Right.Keepingupwithnewstuffandalwayslearningareimportant.Haveyouthoughtaboutwhatareayoulikebest?M:Theideaofmachinesimprovingontheirownisreallyinteresting.There’ssomethingaboutit.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.Whatsurprisesthemanaboutthelibrary?A.Thevarietyofbooks. B.Theextraservices. C.Thelargerooms.9.Whydidthemangotothelibrarylastweek?A.Toimprovehiscomputerskills.B.Toborrowabookontechnology.C.Togivealectureonusingcomputers.10.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Sellerandbuyer. C.Familymembers.【答案】8.B9.A10.A【原文】M:I’vestartedgoingtothelocallibrarymoreoften,andI’msurprisedbyhowmuchitoffersbesidesbooks.Whatadiscovery.W:Right?Theyhavecomputers,classes,studyandmeetingroomsandroomsforcommunityevents.M:LastweekIwenttoaclassthereonusingcomputersbetteranditwasveryhelpful.Thepeoplewhoworktherereallyhelpeveryonelearn.W:Definitely.Thestaffaregreat.They’llwalkyouthroughusingallthetechnology.Theyalsohaveactivitiesforkidsandolderpeople,whichiswonderfulforfamiliesandkeepsolderpeoplebusy.M:It’sbecomeanimportantplaceinourtown,pluseverythingthereisfree.Shallwegotheretogetherthisweekend?W:Sure,I’llpickyouupfromyourhome.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。11.Howdidthespeakersgotoschoolwhentheywereyoung?A.Bybike. B.Onfoot. C.Bycar.12.HowdoesthemanfeelaboutJohnnygoingtoschoolalone?A.Concerned. B.Proud. C.Relieved.13.Whatdothespeakersagreeondoing?A.TeachingJohnnytoride.B.BuyingJohnnyabikefirst.C.GivingJohnnychancestoexercise.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【原文】W:Youalsowalkedtoschoolwhenyouwereakid,right,David?M:Yes,walkingtoschoolbuildscharacter.Myparentssaidmydadusedtotellmehowhemarchedtoschooluphillthroughwintersnowandsummerheat.Itwastough,buthesaiditwasagoodthing.Whydoyouask?W:IwasthinkingaboutJohnny.Whenshouldwestartgettinghimtowalkorbiketoschool?M:Youknow,Ithinkmyparentswerekindofright.Butbackthen,sidewalkswerewider,thereweren’tasmanycarsastherearetoday,andpeopledroveslower.Iagreethatfacingsomechallengesisgood,buttimeshavechanged,mydear.W:Sure,butweshouldn’tbetooprotective.It’snoteventwomiles.Alittlechallengewon’thurthim.Wecoulddrivehimonbaddaysandlethimgoonhisownwhentheweatherisfine.Heneedsexerciseandindependence,right?M:MaybewecanridebikesalongwithJohnnyonthoselongsummereveningsbeforeschoolstarts.W:Alright,let’sseehowitgoes.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。14.WhydidMarisolstartpostingherfoodforestonlineatfirst?A.Toshowherachievement.B.Todocumentherdailylife.C.Toconnectwithothergardeners.15.WhydoesMarisolrecommendbeginnerstostartwithherbs?A.Theyneedlittlecare.B.Theydon’tattractinsects.C.Theyareeasytogrowwell.16.WhatisMarisol’sadviceforsomeonestartingafoodforest?A.Growsmallplants. B.Usethebestsoil. C.Makeplanscarefully.【答案】14.B15.C16.C【原文】M:Marisol,thankstothecolorfulphotosandvideosofyourfantasticfoodforestyoupostedonsocialmedia,thousandsofpeoplehavestartedtoexplorethejoyofgrowingplants.Howandwhydidyoustart?W:ItstartedasapersonaldiaryforrecordingwhatIhaddone.Friendsencouragedmetopostmoreoftenandthenmorepeoplefoundmeanditwentviral.M:Iseeyouhaveavarietyofplants.Whatwouldyourecommendforabeginner?W:Herbswouldbeagoodchoice.They’reveryuseful,growfastandarehardtokill.Theyalsoattractgoodinsectsandcanhelpimprovethesoil.M:Good,whatnewplantsareyouthinkingaboutfornextseason?W:I’lladdsomebushes,strawberriesandsomenuts.Theseshortplantswilladdshadeandinafewyearsproduceatasty,nutritiouscrop.Andafteracoupleofyearsoffailure,Iwilltrygrowingcabbageagain.M:Whatwouldyousaytosomeonethinkingofcreatingtheirownfoodforest?W:Observethearea,whichmeansunderstandingyoursoilandconditions.Startsmallandgoslow.Usespacebothundergroundforrootsandaboveforleaves.Understandeachplant’sneedsandfunctions.M:Inspiring.Welookforwardtolearningmoreaboutyourgrowingjourney.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhatmadeBennyspecialtothevolunteersattheanimalshelter?A.Herecoveredfasterthanotheranimals.B.Hesymbolizedhopeandpoweroflove.C.Hewasthefirstdogtheyrescuedthatyear.18.HowdidthecouplekeepintouchwiththespeakeraboutBenny?A.Bymakingvideocallsoccasionally.B.BysharingBenny’sphotosfrequently.C.BytakingBennytherefortrainingregularly.19.Whatdoesthespeakerlearnfromhisexperience?A.Thevalueofpetsinlife.B.Thepowerofstory-telling.C.Theimportanceofvolunteering.20.Whoisthespeakerprobablytalkingto?A.Peoplewishingtojointheteam.B.Peoplewantingtoadoptthedogs.C.Peopleplanningtoformarescueteam.【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A【原文】M:Today,asIreflectonmyfirstyearofvolunteeringatthelocalanimalshelter,Iwanttoshareastorythattouchedmyheart.Earlyintheyear,werescuedashy,hurtdognamedBenny.Bennywasmorethanjustanotherrescuedanimal.Hebecameasymbolofhopeandthepowerofloveforus.Aswebroughthimbacktohealth,weallrealizetherewassomethingspecialaboutthisdog.It’shardtoputintowordsthatfeelingofconnectionwithananimal.AllofusputinextracareforBenny.Ashetrustedusmore,hebecamemoreplayfulandsmarterandwouldwaghistail.Hetooktrainingwelltoo.Eventuallywhenhesawayoungcouplecometofindadog.Thenhewaggedhistaillikeneverbefore.Thecouplelovedhimatfirstsightandadoptedhimontheirfirstvisit.Everysooftentheywouldcontactandsendphotosofhim.Iknowasavolunteer,Iamhelpingnotjustanimalsbutpeople.Thisexperiencehasgivenmelessonsonsympathyandteamwork.ItgivesmegreatjoytoknowthatIreallydomakeadifference.Volunteeringhereisn’tjustabouttheanimals,it’saboutbringingustogetherontwolegsorfour,we’reallstrongertogether.Iencourageallofyoutoconsiderjoiningtheteaminsomeway.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AClearwaterMarineAquarium(海洋水族館)CampsForcampersagedbetween10and18Camp1Learnandobservehowwecareforouranimals.ParticipateinacampQ&Asessionwithadolphincareteammemberwhilelearninghowweteachnewbehaviors.Camp2SetoutonanadventuretodiscovertheplantsandanimalsthatmakeupFlorida’sdiversecoastalecosystemsandobservedifferentecosystemsatalocalnaturepark.Camp3Jointhiscampprogramwhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutthedailyoperationsofanaquarium.Throughthisexperience,camperswillgetaninsidelookatvariousdepartmentsatouraquariumanddiscoverpotentialpathstoenterthiscompetitivefield.Camp4Doyouhavewhatittakestobecomeanoceanguardian?Learnallaboutthemajorissuesfacingcreaturesintheoceanandwhatyoucandotohelpprotectourocean’sfuture.Camperswillalsogethands-onexperiencewithmarineconservationprojects.Price:$240/person/programDuration:June1-5,2025,8:30am-4:00pmJustaReminder:●Campequipmentpacksareavailableforpurchaseatthecheck-in.●Eachcamperwillreceiveacampshirtandapairofshortsonthefirstdayofthecampandisrequestedtowearthemeveryday.●Lunchesmustbepurchasedforthesedays.●Parentsshouldn’tfollow,attend,orvolunteerinourcampprograms.RefundPolicy:Intheeventofacancellation,an80%refundwillbeissuedifthewrittencancellationrequestisreceived15daysormorebeforethefirstdayofthecamp.Cancellations14to5dayspriortothecampstartwillreceivearefundof50%ofthecost.Cancellations4-0daysbeforethecampstartwon’treceivearefund.Visitourwebsiteattoregister.21.Whichcampisthemosthelpfulforfutureworkinanaquarium?A.Camp1. B.Camp2. C.Camp3. D.Camp4.22.Whatshouldbenotedaboutthecampprograms?A.Theyrequireuniformclothing.B.Theyprovidecampequipmentforfree.C.Theyallowparentstoaccompanycampers.D.Theypermitcamperstobringpackedlunches.23.Howmuchistherefundifyoucancel10daysbeforethecamp?A.$240. B.$192. C.$120. D.$48.【答案】21.C22.A23.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了清水海洋水族館的營(yíng)地活動(dòng)相關(guān)信息?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Camp3的介紹“Jointhiscampprogramwhereyoucanlearnmoreaboutthedailyoperationsofanaquarium.Throughthisexperience,camperswillgetaninsidelookatvariousdepartmentsatouraquariumanddiscoverpotentialpathstoenterthiscompetitivefield.(加入這個(gè)營(yíng)地計(jì)劃，您可以了解更多關(guān)于水族館日常運(yùn)營(yíng)的信息。通過(guò)這次體驗(yàn)，營(yíng)員將深入了解我們水族館的各個(gè)部門，并發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)入這個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)域的潛在途徑)”可知，Camp3最有助于未來(lái)在水族館的工作，因?yàn)樗峁┝肆私馑屦^日常運(yùn)營(yíng)和各部門的機(jī)會(huì)。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JustaReminder部分的“Eachcamperwillreceiveacampshirtandapairofshortsonthefirstdayofthecampandisrequestedtowearthemeveryday.(每位營(yíng)員將在夏令營(yíng)的第一天收到一件營(yíng)服和一條短褲，并被要求每天穿著它們)”可知，夏令營(yíng)要求統(tǒng)一著裝。故選A。【23題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RefundPolicy部分的“Cancellations14to5dayspriortothecampstartwillreceivearefundof50%ofthecost.(若在夏令營(yíng)開始前14天至5天取消，將退還50%的費(fèi)用)”可知，在營(yíng)地開始前14到5天取消，將獲得費(fèi)用的50%退款。已知價(jià)格是$240/person/program，那么$240×50%=$120。所以如果在營(yíng)地開始前10天取消，可獲得$120的退款。故選C。BIwasalwaysthetypeofindividualwhohatedbeingcalledoninclass.Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.Moreover,Ihadfewfriends,andbeingoverweightsincechildhoodoftenmademethetargetofjokes.I’vefoundawaytochangeallthat.ItbeganwhenateachersuggestedthatItryoutforthebasketballteam.Initially,Ididn’ttaketheideaseriouslyatall.Beingchubby(圓胖的),IjustknewthatI’donlyembarrassmyself.Butbecausetheteacher—afavoritewithme—keptinsistingI“goforit”,Idecidedtogiveitatry.WhenIfirststartedattendingthepracticesessions,Ireallydidn’thaveagoodhandleonthegameofbasketball.Tobehonest,therulesofthegamewereamysterytome.Luckily,Iwasn’ttheonlyone“new”tothegame,soIresolvedtodomybestateachpracticesession.Iwaslearning,andIwasgettingbetterevenifitwaslittlebylittle.Thenitbecamemorefunandmoremotivating.Ipracticedandpracticed.Prettysoonthecompetitivepartofmewaswinningovermychubby-kidcomplex.IbegantoforgetthatIwaschubby.Ievendiscoveredthatmy“size”wasn’tsuchadisadvantageatall;Icouldmakeabasketfromrightunderthenetandblockatthesametime!Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom“hiding”myselftoraisingmyhand.Withmynewandimprovedself-confidencecomemorepraises,somefromteachers,andsomefromteammatesandclassmates.Butthesedays,theyalsocomefromthefaceinthemirror—whichisthe“person”whosecommentsIvaluemost.Bestofall,I’mlearningtoreallybelieveinmyself.24.Whydidtheauthordislikebeingaskedinclass?A.Hecouldn’tfigureouttheanswers. B.Hefeltuneasyaboutbeingnoticed.C.Hefoundtheteachingstyleunappealing. D.Hewasengagedindevelopingfriendships.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelonhearingtheteacher’ssuggestion?A.Uninterested. B.Misguided. C.Appreciative. D.Confused.26.Howdidplayingbasketballbenefittheauthor?A.Hedroppedquiteabitofweight. B.Helearnedhowtocooperate.C.Hedevelopedafunnypersonality. D.Hebecamesureofhimself.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.UnlockingConfidencewithTeamwork B.TheSecrettoCompetitiveSportsSpiritC.AChubbyKid’sJourneyofGrowth D.TheLifelongInfluenceofaTeacher【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述胖男孩因籃球從自卑變得自信的成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.(這不是因?yàn)槿狈χR(shí)——事實(shí)上，我非常擅長(zhǎng)掌握材料。相反，我不喜歡聚光燈照在我身上。)”可推知，作者不喜歡在課堂上被提問(wèn)不是因?yàn)橹R(shí)不足，而是不喜歡被關(guān)注，也就是被注意到會(huì)讓他感到不安。故選B?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Initially,Ididn’ttaketheideaseriouslyatall.Beingchubby(圓胖的),IjustknewthatI’donlyembarrassmyself.(起初，我根本沒(méi)有把這個(gè)想法當(dāng)回事。由于身材圓胖，我只知道我只會(huì)讓自己出丑。)”可知，作者最初對(duì)老師的建議并不感興趣。故選A?！?6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom‘hiding’myselftoraisingmyhand.Withmynewandimprovedself-confidencecomemorepraises...Bestofall,I’mlearningtoreallybelieveinmyself.(在打球過(guò)程中獲得的自信激勵(lì)著我去嘗試其他的事情。我從總是“隱藏”自己變成了主動(dòng)舉手回答問(wèn)題。隨著我自信心的提升，我得到了更多的贊揚(yáng)……。最棒的是，我正在學(xué)會(huì)真正地相信自己。)”可知，打籃球讓作者獲得了自信，從“隱藏”自己到主動(dòng)舉手，學(xué)會(huì)了真正相信自己。故選D。【27題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段的“Iwasalwaysthetypeofindividualwhohatedbeingcalledoninclass.Itwasnotduetoalackofknowledge—Iwas,infact,quitegoodatgraspingthematerial.Rather,Idislikedthespotlightbeingcastuponme.(我一直是那種討厭在課堂上被點(diǎn)名的人。這并不是因?yàn)槲抑R(shí)匱乏——實(shí)際上，我很擅長(zhǎng)理解所學(xué)內(nèi)容。相反，我討厭成為眾人矚目的焦點(diǎn)。)”以及最后一段的“Gainingself-confidenceinplayinginspiredmetotryoutotherthings.Ihavegonefrom“hiding”myselftoraisingmyhand.(在打球方面獲得的自信激勵(lì)著我去嘗試其他事情。我從總是“躲著”不表現(xiàn)自己，變成了主動(dòng)舉手。)”可知，文章主要講述了作者這個(gè)胖男孩，從一開始在課堂上不喜歡被關(guān)注、自卑，到在老師建議下嘗試打籃球，逐漸在籃球練習(xí)和比賽中獲得自信，實(shí)現(xiàn)自我成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程。因此最好的標(biāo)題是“一個(gè)胖孩子的成長(zhǎng)之旅”。故選C。CSight,hearing,“mental”processing...manyrobotsalreadyhavealltheseproperties,buttouchwasoneofthedebtsoftheroboticworld.AteamofChineseexpertshasdevelopedanewrobotthatiscapableoftouchingleavesofplantswithanelectrode(電極)。Ratherthanmakephysicalcontactwithaplant,existingdevicesobtainrelativelylimitedinformationusingvisualapproaches,whichareeasilyinfluencedbyfactorssuchaslightingconditions.SoSongZhongqianandhisteamdevelopedanewrobotthattouchesplantsusinganapproachinspiredbyhumanskin,withstructuresworkingtogetherinahierarchical(分層的)waytogaininformationthroughtouch.Whenanelectrodeintherobotmakescontactwithaleaf,thedevicelearnsabouttheplantbymeasuringseveralproperties.Thepropertiesincludetheamountofchargethatcanbestoredatagivenvoltage(電壓),howdifficultitisfortheelectricalcurrenttomovethroughtheleaf,andthecontactforceastherobotgraspstheleaf.Next,thesedataareprocessedinordertoclassifytheplant,sincedifferentdataforeachmeasurementrelatetodifferentplantspeciesandstagesofgrowth.“Therobothascertaindemerits,despitethefactthatitshowsvastpotentialapplicationsinfieldsrangingfromecologicalstudiestoplantdiseasedetection,”saysSong.Forexample,thedeviceisnotyetcapableenoughtoconsistentlyidentifytypesofplantswithcomplicatedstructureslikeneedle-likeleaves.Thiscouldbeaddressedbyimprovingthedesignoftherobot’selectrode.Theresearchersplantoexpandmoreplantstherobotcanrecognizebycollectingdatafromawidervarietyofspecies,boostingtheplantspeciesdatabasetheyuse.Eventually,farmersandagriculturalresearcherscouldusetherobottomonitorthehealthandgrowthofcropsandtomaketailoreddecisionsabouthowmuchwaterandnutritiontogivetheirplantsandhowtoapproachthecontrolofannoyinginsects.28.Howisthenewrobotdifferentfromexistingdevices?A.Itadoptsvisualtechnologytorecognizeplants. B.Itworksunderspecificlightingconditions.C.Itcollectsphysicalinformationofplants. D.Itusestheelectrodetotouchplants.29.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A.Theprocessoftherobotidentifyingplants. B.Theuniquenessofplants’electricalproperties.C.Thecomplexityofgatheringplants’properties. D.Thecriticalstagesduringplants’growingperiod.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demerits”inParagraph4mean?A.Significance. B.Flexibility. C.Limitations. D.Functions.31.Howwilltherobothelpfarmersandagriculturalresearchersinthefuture?A.Byreplacinghumanlaborinagriculture. B.Bydevelopingvariousplantspecies.C.Bydiscoveringunidentifiedinsects. D.Byfacilitatingcropmanagement.【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了中國(guó)專家研發(fā)的新型觸覺機(jī)器人?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“AteamofChineseexpertshasdevelopedanewrobotthatiscapableoftouchingleavesofplantswithanelectrode(電極)。(一個(gè)中國(guó)專家團(tuán)隊(duì)研發(fā)出了一款新型機(jī)器人，這款機(jī)器人能夠用電極觸碰植物的葉子)”以及第二段的“Ratherthanmakephysicalcontactwithaplant,existingdevicesobtainrelativelylimitedinformationusingvisualapproaches,whichareeasilyinfluencedbyfactorssuchaslightingconditions.(現(xiàn)有設(shè)備不是與植物進(jìn)行物理接觸，而是使用視覺方法獲取相對(duì)有限的信息，這些方法很容易受到照明條件等因素的影響)”可知，新型機(jī)器人與現(xiàn)有設(shè)備的不同之處在于它使用電極觸摸植物。故選D?！?9題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenanelectrodeintherobotmakescontactwithaleaf,thedevicelearnsabouttheplantbymeasuringseveralproperties.Thepropertiesincludetheamountofchargethatcanbestoredatagivenvoltage(電壓),howdifficultitisfortheelectricalcurrenttomovethroughtheleaf,andthecontactforceastherobotgraspstheleaf.Next,thesedataareprocessedinordertoclassifytheplant,sincedifferentdataforeachmeasurementrelatetodifferentplantspeciesandstagesofgrowth.(當(dāng)機(jī)器人中的電極與葉子接觸時(shí)，該設(shè)備通過(guò)測(cè)量幾種特性來(lái)了解植物。這些特性包括在給定電壓下可以儲(chǔ)存的電荷量，電流通過(guò)葉子的困難程度，以及機(jī)器人抓住葉子時(shí)的接觸力。接下來(lái)，對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，以便對(duì)植物進(jìn)行分類，因?yàn)槊看螠y(cè)量的不同數(shù)據(jù)與不同的植物種類和生長(zhǎng)階段有關(guān)。)”可知，本段主要講述了機(jī)器人識(shí)別植物的過(guò)程。故選A?！?0題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“despitethefactthatitshowsvastpotentialapplicationsinfieldsrangingfromecologicalstudiestoplantdiseasedetection,”saysSong.Forexample,thedeviceisnotyetcapableenoughtoconsistentlyidentifytypesofplantswithcomplicatedstructureslikeneedle-likeleaves.Thiscouldbeaddressedbyimprovingthedesignoftherobot’selectrode.(盡管事實(shí)上它在從生態(tài)學(xué)研究到植物病害檢測(cè)等領(lǐng)域顯示出巨大的潛在應(yīng)用，”Song說(shuō)。例如，該設(shè)備還不足以始終如一地識(shí)別具有針狀葉子等復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的植物類型。這可以通過(guò)改進(jìn)機(jī)器人電極的設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)解決。)”可知，盡管機(jī)器人有很大的應(yīng)用潛力，但也有不足，比如不能很好地識(shí)別復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的植物。所以demerits意思是“局限性”。故選C?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Eventually,farmersandagriculturalresearcherscouldusetherobottomonitorthehealthandgrowthofcropsandtomaketailoreddecisionsabouthowmuchwaterandnutritiontogivetheirplantsandhowtoapproachthecontrolofannoyinginsects.(最終，農(nóng)民和農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員可以利用該機(jī)器人來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)農(nóng)作物的健康和生長(zhǎng)狀況，并就給予植物多少水分和營(yíng)養(yǎng)，以及如何防治惱人的害蟲做出量身定制的決策)”可知，未來(lái)該機(jī)器人將通過(guò)促進(jìn)作物管理來(lái)幫助農(nóng)民和農(nóng)業(yè)研究人員。故選D。DIfyou’veeverfoundyourselfscratching(撓)yourheadoveradecisionwhentheanswerisobvious,nowthere’sascientificreasonbehindit.“Theproblemis‘decisionfatigue’—apsychologicalphenomenonthatinfluencesthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecision-making,causingindecisionorpoorchoices,”saysEvanPolman,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheWisconsinSchoolofBusiness.Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibiotics(開抗生素)topatientswhenit’sunwisetodoso.“Probablyit’sbecauseit’ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,”Polmansays.Butinterestingly,decisionfatiguewon’tbeanissuewhenyou’remakingchoicesonanother’sbehalf.Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue.It’sasifthere’ssomethingfunandrelievingaboutmakingsomeoneelse’schoice.Gettingthebestadvice,however,willrelyonthepersonalityofyouradviser.Surprisingly,thebestpersontoaskissomeonerelativelycool-headedtoyourcircumstances;someonewhodoubtsothersandthinkshighlyofthemselves.That’sbecauseapersonwhocaresdeeplyaboutotherscanalsosufferfromdecisionfatiguewhenadvisingothers,presentingthepotentialforbadadvice.“Forexample,researchhasfoundthatnurseswhoareparticularlyhighinsympathyexperiencecareerburnoutmoreoftenthannurseswhoarelesssympathetic,”Polmansays.Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood.“Peoplewithdecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetogowiththecurrentsituation,whileachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesleadtoapositiveoutcome.”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingactionwhiledecisionfatiguecertainlyleadstoinaction.”32.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofdecisionfatigue?A.Alawyermakesweakerjudgmentsafteradayofcases.B.Amanagerapprovesaprojectwithoutthoroughreview.C.Acheffollowstheusualrecipetomakeaneveningmeal.D.Aphysicianadvisesapatienttodrinkwateraftercheck-up.33.Whendopeopleexperiencelessdecisionfatigue?A.Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts. B.Whentheyguideothers’decisions.C.Whentheyencountermajorchoices. D.Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.34.Whatmakesabetteradviseraccordingtothetext?A.Experienceingivingadvice. B.Deepsympathyforothers.C.Particularnursingprofessions. D.Lessemotionalinvolvement.35.WhatdoesPolmansayabouttakingrisksindecision-making?A.Itoftenendsinregret. B.Itpromotestakingaction.C.Itencouragescreativity. D.Itcausesseriousconsequences.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了決策疲勞的心理現(xiàn)象、其影響及如何通過(guò)他人建議緩解這一問(wèn)題?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中““Theproblemis‘decisionfatigue’—apsychologicalphenomenonthatinfluencesthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecision-making,causingindecisionorpoorchoices,”saysEvanPolman,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheWisconsinSchoolofBusiness.(威斯康星大學(xué)商學(xué)院市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷助理教授埃文?波爾曼表示：“問(wèn)題在于‘決策疲勞’——這是一種心理現(xiàn)象，在經(jīng)歷了一整天的決策之后，它會(huì)影響你做出選擇的質(zhì)量，導(dǎo)致猶豫不決或做出糟糕的選擇?！?”可知，決策疲勞是一種在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間決策后影響選擇質(zhì)量，導(dǎo)致優(yōu)柔寡斷或糟糕選擇的心理現(xiàn)象。A選項(xiàng)中“一名律師在處理了一天的案件后做出了較弱的判斷”，符合長(zhǎng)時(shí)間決策后出現(xiàn)判斷質(zhì)量下降的情況，是決策疲勞的例子。故選A?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butinterestingly,decisionfatiguewon’tbeanissuewhenyou’remakingchoicesonanother’sbehalf.Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue.(但有趣的是，當(dāng)你代表他人做選擇時(shí)，決策疲勞就不會(huì)成為問(wèn)題。通過(guò)扮演顧問(wèn)而不是決策者的角色，一個(gè)人不會(huì)遭受決策疲勞的后果。)”可知，當(dāng)人們指導(dǎo)他人的決策時(shí)，經(jīng)歷的決策疲勞較少。故選B。【34題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Gettingthebestadvice,however,willrelyonthepersonalityofyouradviser.Surprisingly,thebestpersontoaskissomeonerelativelycool-headedtoyourcircumstances;someonewhodoubtsothersandthinkshighlyofthemselves.That’sbecauseapersonwhocaresdeeplyaboutotherscanalsosufferfromdecisionfatiguewhenadvisingothers,presentingthepotentialforbadadvice.(然而，獲得最好的建議取決于顧問(wèn)的性格。令人驚訝的是，最適合詢問(wèn)的人是那些相對(duì)冷靜的人，那些懷疑他人且自視甚高的人。這是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)非常關(guān)心他人的人在給他人提供建議時(shí)，也可能會(huì)遭受決策疲勞的困擾，從而有可能給出糟糕的建議。)”可推知，情感卷入較少的人能成為更好的顧問(wèn)。故選D?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Peoplewithdecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetogowiththecurrentsituation,whileachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesleadtoapositiveoutcome.”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingactionwhiledecisionfatiguecertainlyleadstoinaction.”(“有決策疲勞的人很可能會(huì)選擇維持現(xiàn)狀，而行動(dòng)過(guò)程中的改變有時(shí)會(huì)帶來(lái)積極的結(jié)果。”他說(shuō)，“這并不是說(shuō)冒險(xiǎn)總是好的，但它與采取行動(dòng)有關(guān)，而決策疲勞肯定會(huì)導(dǎo)致不作為?！?”可推知，波爾曼認(rèn)為在決策中冒險(xiǎn)能促進(jìn)采取行動(dòng)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manythinkthatlanguageiswhatsetshumansapartfromotheranimals,andthatforustothink,languageisanessentialprecondition.BertrandRussell,aBritishphilosopher,evenclaimedthatnointelligentthinkingcantakeplacewithoutlanguage.___36___Itfoundthatlanguageandthoughtaretwodistinctentities(實(shí)體),workinginseparatepartsofthebrain.Theyare,inshort,farmoreindependentthanweimagined.Theresearchersexploredthelanguage-thoughtrelationshipthroughtworesearchapproaches.___37___Theyaskedthesepeopletosolvemathproblemsorperformsocialreasoningtestsaslongastheinstructionswerenon-verbal.However,allthesubjectscouldstillcompletecomplextasks.Theresearchersalsousedbrain-imagingtoolstostudythebrainsofhealthyvolunteersastheyperformednon-verbaltasks,likesolvingpuzzlesandplanning.Itwasfoundthatthebrain’slanguageregionsweremostlyinactiveduringsuchactivities.___38___So,iflanguageisn’tneces