延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的運(yùn)用

1、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,一、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示時(shí)間段的短語(yǔ)有: for+一段時(shí)間,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since從句, 如：since he came here; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)名詞, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。,二.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也稱(chēng)終止性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。 如:open, die, close, begin(start), finis

2、h, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中與表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; eg：He died 5 years ago.,終止性動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫且不能持續(xù)，所以在完成時(shí)的肯定句中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。 如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤句子： 1)Jim has come here for five years. 2)He has died for 3 years. 否定的終止性動(dòng)詞可以與表示時(shí)間

3、段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： study learn sleep live sing dance swim drink teach keep 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞： buy borrow lend die leave begin come / go 這些動(dòng)詞不能和 how long ; for .since連用 要把它們變成其他相應(yīng)的詞. - （buy買(mǎi)了） have/has had （borrow借了） have/has kept （start/ begin開(kāi)始 了） have /has been on （leave離開(kāi)了） have /has been a

4、way (from). （來(lái)到某地/ 去某地.） have /has been in （die 死了） have/has been dead,for since.,如果終止性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句子中需要同有段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，解決這一邏輯矛盾的方法就是將終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,三、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與終止性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 1、用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞： borrow - keep, buy - have, become/come/go-be , catch a cold - have a cold, open sth. - keep sth. open, put on- wear , e

5、g. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.,2、將終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為be+介詞短語(yǔ) begin/start - be on, finish - be over, join - be in+組織機(jī)構(gòu)/be a member of+組織機(jī)構(gòu), go to schoolbe in school , get to/ arrive/reach /come/go/move- be in/at+sw. put onbe on eg.He has been in school for 9 years.,3、將終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為b

6、e+名詞 join the armybe a soldier, join the League/Partybe a League/Party member go to schoolbe a student eg . He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years.,4、用be+adj./adv.結(jié)構(gòu)替換非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 close/openbe closed/open , come /go back/return - be back, come here - be here, die - be dead,

7、fall asleep - be asleep, fall ill - be ill, finish/end/complete be over, go there - be there, go/leave - be away（from）, go (get) out be out, get up-be up, marry be married, movebe out of eg. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.,5、去掉短語(yǔ)中的結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞 begin to studystudy, come

8、to work=work, get to know - know, eg：We have known each other for 3 years. 6、用“It is/Has been+time +since”句型表達(dá)原句的內(nèi)容。但主句一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或短語(yǔ)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 eg：It is/Has been three years since we got to know each other.,7，用“time +have passed since”句型表達(dá)同樣的意思。 eg.He has been away his hometown for 5 year

9、s. Five years has passed since he left his hometown. 8，把一時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，原動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)改為過(guò)去一般時(shí)。 eg.He left his hometown five years ago.,他參軍三年了。 He has joined the army for 3 years. He has been in the army for 3 years. He has been a soldier for 3 years. It is/Has been 3 years since he joined the army. He joined

10、 the army 3 years ago.,1.我買(mǎi)這本書(shū)三年了。(1).I bought the book three years ago. (2) I have had the book for 3 years. (3) I have had the book since 3 years ago. How long have you had the book ? 2.他借這本書(shū)兩個(gè)月了（1）He borrowed the book two months ago. (2）He has kept the book for 2 months . (3) He has kept the book

11、 since 2 months ago. How long has he kept the book? 3.李梅離開(kāi)濟(jì)南一年了 .(1) Li Mei left Jinan one year ago. (2) Li Mei has been away from Jinan for one year. (3) Li Mei has been away from Jinan since 1 year ago. How long has Li Mei been away from Jinan?,請(qǐng)大聲讀句子，每個(gè)讀三遍。,會(huì)議開(kāi)始20分鐘了。 (1) The meeting began 20 min

12、utes ago. (2) The meeting has been on for 20 minutes. (3) The meeting has been on since 20 minutes. How long has the meeting been on ? Tom來(lái)中國(guó)10個(gè)月了。 （1） Tom came to China 10 months ago. (2 ) Tom has been in China for 10 months. (3 ) Tom has been in China since 10 months ago. How long has Tom been in

13、China?,請(qǐng)大聲讀句子，每個(gè)讀三遍。,Marry的祖父去世三年了。 (1） Marrys grandfather died 3 years ago. (2) Marrys grandfather has been dead for 3 years. (3) Marrys grandfather has been dead since 3 years ago. How long has Marrys grandfather been dead?,請(qǐng)大聲讀句子，每個(gè)讀三遍。,Tom _for several hours. A. went to bed B. has been in bed C.

14、 has gone to bed D. has been to bed 2.How long have you_this city? A. been to B. been in C. come to D. gone to 3. My aunt _the TV for 4 months. A. has bought B. was bought C. was had D. has had 4. Mr Brown _the car for 3 months. A. bought B. had bought C. has had D. buys 5. The old man _for two days. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D.dies,6.My sister has_ for 8 years. A. become a driver B. left the city C. arrived in the city D. lived here 7.How long have you_? A. joined the team B