幼兒教育健康課件(英文)

1、PhysicalDevelopmentandHealthDuringtheFirstThreeYears,ChapterSix,GuidepostsforStudy,1.HowDoBabiesGrow,andHowandWhatShouldTheyBeFed?2.HowDoestheBrainDevelop,andHowDoEnvironmentalFactorsaffectItsEarlyGrowth?,GuidepostsforStudy,3.HowDotheSensesDevelopDuringInfancy?4.Whataresomeearlymillstoneinmotordevel

2、opmentandwhataresomeinfluenceonit?5.HowCanWeEnhanceBabiesChancesofSurvivalandHealth?,GrowthandNutrition,Childrengrowfasterduringthefirst3yearsoflife,especiallyduringthefirstfewmonthsthantheyeverwillagain.,GrowthandNutrition,PatternsofGrowthBy5monthsaveragebabyboywilldoubleweightto7kg.By1yearhisweigh

3、twilltripleto10kg.,GrowthandNutrition,Recapfromchapter4CephalocaudalprincipleGrowthoccursfromtopdownProximodistalprincipleGrowthoccursfromthecenterofthebodyoutward,GrowthandNutrition,NourishmentBreastfeeding:BenefitsandCautionsEncouragingBreastfeedingBabiesprefersweettaste,GrowthandNutrition,Nutriti

4、onalconcernsManyparentsdonotfollowtheguidelinesgivenbypediatricexpertsOverweightinfantsareaconcern,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,CentralNervousSystemBrainandspinalcordSensorymessagestraveltothebrainandmotorcommandstravelback,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,BuildingtheBrainMajorpartsofthebrainBrainstemCerebe

5、llumLateralizationCorpuscallosum,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,BuildingtheBrainCerebralhemisphereOccipitallobeParietallobeTemporallobeFrontallobeCerebralcortexRegionsgovernvision,hearing,andothersensoryinformation,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,PartsoftheBrain,sideview.,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,Buildingt

6、heBrainBraincellsNeuronsAxonsDendritesSynapsesNeurotransmittersGliacells,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,BuildingtheBrainAsneuronsmultiply,migrate,anddevelopconnections.theyundergoIntegrationDifferentiationCelldeath,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,MyelinationMyelin,afattyinsulatings

7、ubstance,beginsabouthalfwaythroughgestationinsomepartsofthebrainandcontinuesintoadulthoodinothers,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,GrowthofNeuralconnectionsduringthefirst2yearsoflife.Thereisanincreaseinbraindensityandweight;duetotheformationofdendrites,extensionsofnervecellbodiesandthesynapsesthatlinkthem

8、.,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,EarlyReflexesAutomatic,innateresponsestostimulationPrimitiveSucking,rooting,andMoroPosturalLocomotorWalking,swimming,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,WiringtheBrain!Developmentofneuralconnectionsbeforeandafterbirth.,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,MoldingtheBrain:TheRoleofExperienc

9、ePlasticityFormativeperiodvulnerabilityHazardousdrugsEnvironmentaltoxinsMaternalstress,TheBrainandReflexBehaviour,LEFT:APETscanofanormalchildsbrainshowsregionsofhigh(red)andlow(blueandblack)activity.RIGHT:APETscanofthebrainofaRomanianOrphaninstitutionalizedafterbirth,showlittleactivity.,EarlySensory

10、Capacities,TouchandPainFirstsensetodevelopDevelopsinthewombSmellandTastePreferenceofpleasantodoursinutero“Sweettooth”,EarlySensoryCapacities,HearingFunctionalbeforebirthRecognitionofvoicesandlanguagecanoccurinthewombSightLeastdevelopedatbirthUnderdevelopedstructuresBinocularvisiondevelopsat4to5month

11、s,MotorDevelopment,MilestonesofMotorDevelopmentSimpleskillsSystemsofactionPincergripDenverDevelopmentalScreeningTestGrossmotorskillsFinemotorskills,MotorDevelopment,MilestonesofMotorDevelopmentHeadcontrolFullycontrollableat4monthsHandcontrolAt7to11monthscanpickupatinyobjectLocomotionSelf-locomotion,

12、MotorDevelopment,MotorDevelopmentandPerceptionVisualguidanceDepthPerceptionThreedimensionsHapticperceptionAbilitytoacquireinformationbyhandlingobjectsratherthanjustlookingatthem,MotorDevelopment,HowMotorDevelopmentOccurs:ThelensDynamicSystemsTheoryElementoftimeMotorDevelopmentisInteractionbetweeninf

13、antsandstheirenvironmentIntegrationofperceptionandcognitionwithactionDifferingdevelopmentalpathwaysofindividualchildren,MotorDevelopment,CulturalInfluencesonMotorDevelopmentSomeculturesactivelyencourageearlydevelopmentofmotorskillswhileothersinhibitthemHandlingroutinesinAfricanandWestIndiancultures,

14、Health,InfantMortalityRateProportionofbabieswhodiewithinthefirstyearBirthdefectsaretheleadingcauseReducingInfantMortalityPreventabledeathsPovertyPoormaternalhealthandnutritionInfectionPoormedicalcareSIDS,Health,Infantmortalityratesinindustrializedcountries,2003.Inrecentyearsmostnations,includingCana

15、da,haveshowndramaticimprovement.,Health,BirthweightdistributionsbyethnicgroupinCanada(2000-2002).LowbirthweightproportionsforAboriginalrefertooff-reservegroups.On-reservelow-birthweightrateisthesameastheCanadianNon-Aboriginalaverage.,Health,ReducingInfantMortalitySuddenInfantDeathSyndrome(SIDS)Lowbi

16、rthweightbabiesaremoresusceptibleGenemutationsaffectingthehearthavebeenlinkedDefectsinthebrainsabilitytouseserotonin,Health,UnintentionalinjuriesarethefourthleadingcauseofdeathininfancyinCanada,andthethirdleadingcauseofdeathafterthefirst4weeksoflife,followingSIDSandbirthdefects.,Health,Immunizationf

17、orBetterHealthMeasles,pertussis,andpolio95percentdropofvaccine-preventedinfectiousdiseasessince1993ManychildrennotadequatelyprotectedUnsubstantiatedconcernaboutAutism,ReviewYourGuideposts,?,ReviewYourGuideposts!,GuidepostsReviewQuestion#1Attheendoftheaveragechildsfirstyear,his/herweighthas_sincebirt

18、h.A.increasedby25%B.doubledC.tripledD.quadrupledAnswer:CFormoreinformation,reviewyournotesandseePage:132inyourtextbook.,ReviewYourGuideposts!,GuidepostsReviewQuestion#2Together,thebrainandthespinalcordcomprisetheA.centralnervoussystem.B.peripheralnervoussystem.C.neurolepticcircuit.D.neurogeneticmatrix.Answer:AFormoreinformation,reviewyournotesandseePage:136inyourtextbook.,ReviewYourGuideposts!,GuidepostsReviewQuestion#3ThesensethatseemstobethefirsttodevelopininfantsisA.taste.B.smell.C.touch.D.s