高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)課件

1、1. 虛擬語氣的考點(diǎn) 1、條件句中的虛擬語氣的用法； 2、條件句中虛擬語氣的倒裝； 3、名詞性從句中虛擬語氣的用法； 4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語氣的用法； 5、虛擬語氣與陳述語氣的判定。,if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,區(qū)別:,If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.陳述語氣,If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虛擬語氣,If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,If I were you, I would try it again

2、.,1. 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。,2.如果我有一百萬美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。,If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,If +主 +had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞完成式（have done）,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.,1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過這次考試。,If I had married her, I would have been unha

3、ppy.,2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。,與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語),If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,1.如果他明天來的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事.,2.如果他明天來的話,我會(huì)告訴他.,If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,If you _tomorrow, you

4、_ find the new manager working in the office.,A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might,If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.,A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived,If he _he _that food.,Luckily

5、he was sent to the hospital immediately.,A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken,I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.,A. has come B. did come C.

6、 came D. had come,If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .,A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented,倒裝的If虛擬句,條件狀語的倒裝：,如果條件狀語中有were, had, should時(shí), 可以倒裝成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, I would try it again.,Had

7、 he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,_the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he pass

8、ed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.,A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive,_it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.,A. Were B. should C. would D.

9、 will,wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,I wish I remembered the address.,我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,How I wish he had not left.,要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）,I wish it would rain tomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）,wish + that How I wish If only,did/were 現(xiàn)在,had done 過去,would / might /would do 將來,5. If only (1) 要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew

10、 his name now! If only we had followed your advice last time! If only I could see him again next year!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了.,Exercises:,“ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.”,A. had B.

11、 did C. have D. will,I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.,A. was B. were C. had been D. went,I wish I _ you yesterday.,A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see,-He is a brave man. -Yes, I wish I _his courage.,A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have,Tom can take his car apart and pu

12、t it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.,A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach,The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _to it.,A. hadnt gone B. havent gone C. didnt go D. could not have gone,How I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.,A. didnt go

13、 B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing,as if /though,區(qū)別：,He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陳述語氣,He speaks English as if/ though he were from the USA.虛擬語氣,2. as if /though + Clause,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 將來 :,did /were(現(xiàn)在),had done(過去),She loves the baby as if it were her own son. He speaks as

14、 if he had been to the United States.,would+動(dòng)詞原形(將來),虛擬語氣 Subjunctive Mood,退一步 海闊天空,even if/ though, wish, if only等從句的虛擬與它相同。,名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞,如果我是你，我就聽從他的建議。,If I were you, I would have taken his advice.,從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過去,如果你聽我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。,從句表示過去，主句表示現(xiàn)在,如果這些天一直沒下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行工作了。,從句表過去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行,If you

15、had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.,If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.,注意: 主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句): 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。,If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽了我的話，現(xiàn)

16、在就能完成這份工作了。 （從句說明過去，主句說明現(xiàn)在。） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明過去。）,If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now. 假若你不借錢給我， 我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。 （從句說明過去，

17、主句說明過去和現(xiàn)在。）,suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引 導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should) + v 原的形式出現(xiàn)。,We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first.,The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.,Its suggested ( ordered

18、, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that 后面的主語從句中要使用 虛擬語氣，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出 現(xiàn)。,Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.,Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.,以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句

19、 和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以 (should) + v原. 的形式出現(xiàn)。,My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.,His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.,The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ahead of time,My advice is that you (should)

20、practise speaking English as often as possible,注意:當(dāng)suggest 表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)不用虛擬！,His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.,I insist that he was wrong,His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision,He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.,虛擬語氣特殊句型：,1. would rat

21、her that,現(xiàn)在： 過去： 未來：,過去時(shí),過去完成時(shí),過去時(shí),I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,注意: 在主語would (had) rather that 賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如:,我真希望你告訴我真相。,Id rather you told me the truth.,我寧愿不再見著你。,Id rather I didnt see you again.,我倒希望他們和我

22、一起去。,I would rather they went with me.,(1) 對現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí) (系動(dòng)詞用were),意指主從句謂語表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.例如:,他看起來好象病了.,He looks as if he were ill.,他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對發(fā)生的 事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任.,He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.,(2) 對過去的虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用had+過去分詞, 意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前.例如:,她英語說的很好就象是在英國學(xué)習(xí)的一樣.,She spoke English

23、 well as if she had studied English in England.,我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.,I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,(3) 對未來的虛擬謂語動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形, 意指從句謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后. 例如:,史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.,Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if

24、 it _.,A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken,The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.,A. is B. will be C. am D. were,The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.,A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would,注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語

25、動(dòng)詞可用陳述語氣。,It looks as if you are tired.,3. Its (about/high) time +that -,過去時(shí),should +V.,你該走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you were going. Its high time that you should go.,我們該去睡覺了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,4. without和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。but for要不是

26、 Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed. But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.,5. If only (1) 要是就好了 = I wish If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your

27、 advice! If only I could see him again!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒錯(cuò)過火車就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,(2) = as long as 常用陳述語氣. 如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難. We can surely overcome these difficulties if only we are closely united.,6. Its necessary /strange/ natural/

28、 important + that-Clause 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬， 即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形,It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. Its necessary that we should study hard.,7. otherwise 和supposing也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣。例如：,The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fall

29、en into the sea.,Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.,Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?,8. so that 與in order that 二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語部分應(yīng)該用may /might/can /could /etc.+動(dòng)詞原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to stud

30、y it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.,9.用 “may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首,May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)！May you be happy!祝你快樂！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就 Long live the people! 人民萬歲！

31、“God bless you,” said the priest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”,含蓄條件句,非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:,1. 條件暗含在短語中。如：,W hat would I have done without you? (條件暗含在分詞短語without you中),It would be easier to do it this way. (條件暗含在不定式短語to do it this way 中),But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in

32、the experiment. (暗含條件是but for your help),This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (條件暗含在分詞短語happening in wartime中),He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含條件是連詞or),Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含條件是alone),2.

33、 條件暗含在上下文中。如：,You might stay here forever. (可能暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. (可能暗含if you should accept it) I would appreciate a little of your time. (可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time),3. 在不少情況下，虛擬式已

34、變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如： You wouldnt know. 你不會(huì)知道。 I would like to come. 我愿意來。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 這是我做夢也不會(huì)想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡直就象他親眼看見一樣,1 He suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. woul

35、dnt D. be not2 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C.thought D. will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished,5. She says

36、shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left 6. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left,7 Its high time he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succe

37、ed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. HopehopeD. Shouldmay 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B,10 If only I _to my parents advice! A. listeningB. listen C. am listeningD. had listened 11 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I _

38、, but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. didB. would C. hadD. was going to 12 Id rather you _me the news. A. not tellB. not to tell C. didnt tellD. hadnt told,1. The boy who went swimming in the No- swimming Zone drowned in the river.,If the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone, he wou