英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講座(時(shí)態(tài)).ppt

1、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講座,動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)(Verb Tenses ),以動(dòng)詞 do 為例，將16種時(shí)態(tài)列表如下:,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（The Present Tense),1.形式：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞（第 三人稱單數(shù)+s/es) 2.基本用法： 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)： He gets up at six every day. 表示客觀事實(shí)和主語(yǔ)的特征、能力等 The earth moves round the sun. 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（常用方位動(dòng)詞 come,go,arrive,start,stay,leave) The train starts at nine oclock. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)

2、從句中：If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming. 3.標(biāo)志：every month, often, once a week等,一般過(guò)去時(shí)（The Past Tense),1.形式：主語(yǔ)+ 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式 2.基本用法: 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：I saw him yesterday. 表示過(guò)去的某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作When I studied in the College,I read aloud every morning. 用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，假設(shè)等。I wish I did not do that again. 3.標(biāo)志：ye

3、sterday,last week ,three days ago in 1994等；或when 引導(dǎo)的從句 .,一般將來(lái)時(shí)（The Future Tense ),1.形式：主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)詞原形 2.基本用法: 表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：He will come and help me tomorrow. 表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：We will go for an outing(旅行) every other week. 3.標(biāo)志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow next month,soon, in future, in 2008,一般將來(lái)時(shí)不同表達(dá)法,

4、will+ do. We wont have any classes tomorrow. be going to do .It is going to rain be to do. They are to meet in front of the hall. be about to do. The conference is about to begin. 常用方位動(dòng)詞 （ come,go,arrive,start,stay)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。 My friend is about to arriving here next week. 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中： If i

5、t is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(The past Future),1.形式 由“shall或will的過(guò)去式should或would+動(dòng)詞原形” 2.基本用法 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作情況 如：we wanted to know when the English class would begin 3.標(biāo)志：通常用在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（Present Continuous ）,1.形式：主語(yǔ)+am/is /are + doing 2.基本用法: 表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：What are you

6、 doing here? 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài): We are doing an experiment this month. 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（常用方位動(dòng)詞 come,go,arrive,start,stay). He is coming here next week. 3.標(biāo)志: now,at present, currently,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (past Continuous ),1.形式 ： 由“was(were)”+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 She was writing a composition w

7、hen you came in. 3.標(biāo)志：通常帶一個(gè)表示在過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或從句或通過(guò)上下文判斷的過(guò)去時(shí)間。,將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí),一般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)： 形式：will/shall be doing 用法：表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在狀態(tài) 特點(diǎn)：表示將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或階段，又是會(huì)用狀語(yǔ)從句。 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)： 形式：would/should be doing 用法：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之后的某時(shí)刻或某階段要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(The Present Perfect),1.形式：Have(has)+ 過(guò)去分詞 2.基本用法: 表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成：We have just come back.

8、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響：They have finished the work. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能繼續(xù)延續(xù) I have studied English since 1994. 3.標(biāo)志：already,just ,yet, recently(lately) so far(up to now), since ,for, ever, before, by,過(guò)去完成時(shí)(Past Perfect ),1.形式 ： 由“had +過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作。By the end of last year,I had

9、 worked for fourteen years. 3.標(biāo)志： already, just , yet, by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ); 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過(guò)上下文判斷, 決定是否用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。,過(guò)去完成時(shí)的幾種用法,1.By +過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) By the time he retired, he had taught for 35 years. 2.when/as soon as/after +從句 When he had spent all the money he wrote to his father for more money. 3.when/before +從

10、句.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 4.no sooner.than/ hardly.when 5. as if +從句The man talks as if he had been to every part of the world. 6.indirect speech,將來(lái)完成時(shí)(Future Perfect),1.形式 ： “will +have +過(guò)去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作。 By the end of next year,I will have taught English for

11、 fourteen years. 3.標(biāo)志：by +將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ); 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過(guò)上下文判斷. Hurry up!Or the train will have left before we got to the station.,過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí) (Past Future Perfect),1.形式 ： “would +have +過(guò)去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過(guò)去的將來(lái)的某時(shí)刻之前完成的動(dòng)作 By the year you graduated in1998, I would have taught English for fourteen years.

12、3.標(biāo)志：by +表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ); 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過(guò)上下文判斷.,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(present perfect continuous Tense),1.形式 “have/has+ been +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。They have been studying English for years . 3.標(biāo)志：for ,since 等表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞（study. Work, play,teach,wait),過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí),1.形式 “had+ been +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：就是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。They have been studying English for years. 3.標(biāo)志：for ,since 等表過(guò)去的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)動(dòng)詞（study. Work, play, teach, wait),將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí),一般將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)： 1.形式 “will+ have + been +doing ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作將持續(xù)到將來(lái)并且在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻仍在進(jìn)行。They would have been having the meet by