高三英語第二輪語法專題復習

1、第16講 特殊句式,例 If you have a job, _yourself to it and finally youll succeed. (2010四川卷) A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting,解析考查謂語動詞的強調及“祈使句+and+將來時句子”的固定搭配。句意為：“如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功?！?A,例 John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before. (2010陜西卷) A. a girl did stand B. a

2、 girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl,解析考查特殊句式。here, there, thus, then等副詞位于句首，且當句子的主語是名詞時，句子用全部倒裝。,D,例 Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him. (2010江西卷) A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he had begun,解析not until放在句首要用部分倒裝， 可還原為正常語序：He didnt b

3、egin to know how important the family was for him until he left his home.,A,例 John plays basketball well, _his favorite sport is badminton. (2009北京卷) A. so B. or C. yet D. for,解析表示輕微轉折，yet 意為：可是，然而；可與though/ although 連用。句。,C,例 Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _？ (2009遼寧卷) A. isnt he

4、 B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it,解析在主從復合句中，反意疑問句部分以主句為準。,C,這種句型中，祈使句通常表示一種條件，祈使句和陳述句之間的連詞常常是命題的熱點。其連詞分兩類。 1. and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句說的去做，會產生順應的結果。 2. or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否則，要不，不然的話”，表示不按照祈使句說的去做，則會產生相反的結果。,“祈使句+陳述句 ”句型,Come early, and youll catch the first bus. If you come

5、early, youll catch the first bus. Coming early, youll catch the first bus. Come early, or you wont catch the first bus.,“祈使句+陳述句 ”句型,and 表示順承；while表示對比；but/yet表示轉折；for/so表示因果；or/eitheror 表示選擇。 例：Id better take an umbrella, for it is going to rain.,并列連詞,1反意疑問句的陳述部分含有由un， im， in， dis等否定意義的前綴構成的詞語時，陳述部

6、分要視為肯定含義，問句部分用否定形式。 例：Your father is unhappy, isnt he？(不能用is he？) 2. “否定陳述句+簡略肯定問句”這種反義疑問句，在進行回答時，一定要注意答語前后要一致，尤其注意漢語的翻譯。,反意疑問句,例： He didnt come to the party last night, did he? Yes, he did. (不，他來參加晚會了。相當于 Yes, he came to the party last night. ) No, he didnt. (是，他沒有來參加晚會。相當于No, he didnt come to the

7、party last night.),反意疑問句,3. 陳述部分用must (may, might) + have + Ved表示推測時，若句中帶有明顯的過去時間狀語，問句部分動詞用過去時形式。陳述部分用must (may, might) + have + Ved表示推測時，若句中沒有過去時間狀語，問句部分動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時形式。 He might have forgotten his pen in the classroom yesterday, didnt he? (不用mightnt he？/ hasnt he？) You must have worked there a year ago

8、, didnt you？(不用mustnt you？/havent you？),反意疑問句,省略句,1在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等連詞連接的狀語從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語和be動詞。 When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 2代替性省略：“so”可代替某些動詞后的賓語從句，但絕不能用it或tha

9、t。這些常用的動詞有believe , be afraid , expect , hope , imagine , suppose,省略句,Im sure等；not代替的是否定意義的賓語從句。但是Im afraid, I hope, Im sure 后跟否定的賓語從句時，只有一種形式，即Im afraid not, I hope not, Im sure not. 而I expect/ imagine/ suppose/think 的否定式有兩種，即I expect / imagine/ suppose/think not 或I dont imagine/ suppose/think so.

10、Can Emily do this work? I think so. I think not (I dont think so.),倒裝句,1完全倒裝 將謂語動詞直接提到主語前。常見情況有： (1)表方位的副詞here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等標志詞放在句首； (2)地點狀語+謂語+主語；此時，地點狀語為標志詞； (3)There be / lie / exist / stand / live / appear / remain+主語+(there be 句型)； (4)表語+系動詞+主語。,倒裝句,2部分倒裝 將情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be動詞提

11、到主語前。通?？梢赃€原為正常的語序，并以此檢驗倒裝句是否正確。助動詞的選擇也是考查的內容之一，通過還原才能確定最佳的時態(tài)，以此來確定正確的助動詞。 常見情況有： (1) only+狀語(或狀語從句)為標志詞放在句首時； (2) 含有否定意義的副詞為標志詞放在句首時；,倒裝句,(3) 結果狀語從句把“so+形容詞/副詞”放在句首或者“such+形容詞+名詞”放在句首， 則主句的謂語動詞要部分倒裝；that 從句不變； (4) so /neither/nor 為標志詞放在句首時； 表示前面所說的肯定情況也適合于另一人或物。句式如下： so + be 或助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，主語。,倒裝句,表示前面所說

12、的否定情況也適合于另一人或物。 句式如下： neither (nor) + be 或助動詞/情態(tài)動詞，主語。 (5) 虛擬條件句省略if 時，將標志詞had, should, were 放在句首。,倒裝句,3其他形式的倒裝 實際上主謂語序不變，但狀語或表語提前到句首，實質上是句子的部分成分前置。具體表現(xiàn)為： (1) 標志詞as: “盡管 /雖然”句式。 表語(形容詞/名詞)+ as/though + 主語+ 系動詞，主句。 注意：名詞前不加任何冠詞。 副詞+ as/though+主語+謂語動詞，主句。 動詞原形 +as/though + 主語+ might/may，主句。,倒裝句,(2) No

13、 matter how/However + 形容詞/副詞+主語+ 謂語， 主句。 (3) how和what引起的感嘆句。 How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語； What +形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語。, He is always ready to help others, seldom, _， refusing them when they turn to him. A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any,解析if ever表示“如果曾經發(fā)生過”， 意思為“如果有(這種行為)的話”； if any 表示“如果有(某樣東西)的話”。,B, Intere

14、stingly in some parts of the world, women are expected to earn money _ men work at home and raise their children. A. but B. though C. because D. while,解析while僅表示前后兩個句子的對比轉折。,D, Do you think Bob will attend the meeting this afternoon? _. A. I hope not B. I dont hope so C. I dont think it D. I hope he

15、 would,解析not 代替否定的整個賓語從句；I hope 不可能出現(xiàn)否定前置的情況，所以I dont hope so是錯誤的。,A, We all know that, _， the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. not if carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. if not carefully dealt with,解析考查狀語從句的省略； if not carefully dealt with= if the situation is not carefully dealt with。,D, Only _ in the evening _ in the living room. A. when did his father come back;