十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)詩歌

1、,十九世紀(jì)美國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué) (18001865),美國(guó)浪漫主義文學(xué)的特點(diǎn)： 強(qiáng)烈的主觀色彩，偏愛表現(xiàn)主觀思想，注重抒發(fā)個(gè)人的感受和體驗(yàn)，重主觀、輕客觀和重自我表現(xiàn)，輕客觀模仿。 喜歡描寫和歌頌大自然（尤為突出）作者們喜歡將自己的理解人物置身于淳樸寧靜的大自然中，襯托現(xiàn)實(shí)深灰的丑惡及自身理解的美好。 重視中世紀(jì)民間文學(xué)，想想比較豐富，感情真摯，表達(dá)自由，語言樸素自然 。 注重藝術(shù)效果：對(duì)比夸張、人物形象的超凡性。,19th Century American Poets,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882),Edgar Allan Poe) （1809-18

2、49）,Walt Whitman (18191892),Emily Dickinson (1830-1886),Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,Introduction His life experience His major works His writing style,Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 March 24, 1882) was an American poet and educator. Longfellow predominantly wrote lyric poems which are

3、known for their musicality and which often presented stories of mythology and legend. He became the most popular American poet of his day and also had success overseas. He has been criticized, however, for imitating European styles and writing specifically for the masses. Longfellow is generally reg

4、arded as the most distinguished poet the country had produced.,Introduction,His life experience:,Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, then part of Massachusetts, and studied at Bowdoin College. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was enrolled in a dame school at the age of three and by age six was enrolle

5、d at the private Portland Academy. In his years there, he earned a reputation as being very studious and became fluent in Latin. In the fall of 1822, the 15-year old Longfellow enrolled at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, alongside his brother Stephen. There, Longfellow met Nathaniel Hawthorne,

6、who would later become his lifelong friend. On September 14, 1831, Longfellow married Mary Storer Potter, a childhood friend from Portland. While in Europe he studied Swedish, dutch, and French. In 1835 Mary died after only four years of marriage in Rotterdam.,He wrote a poem for her called “Footste

7、ps of Angels” which was published in 1839. He remarried in 1843 with Fanny Appleton. She died in 1861 from a tragic death, she was burned to death. Later Henry died in March 24, 1882 at Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Grave of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,His major works:,Voices of the Night (1839) 夜吟 Balla

8、ds and Other Poems (1841) 歌謠及其他 Evangeline: A Tale of Acadia (epic poem) (1847) 伊凡杰林 The Song of Hiawatha (epic poem) (1855) 海華沙之歌,His works:,Voices of the Night 夜吟,A Psalm of life 人生禮贊,Hymn to the night 夜的贊歌,The Beleaguered City 群星之光,Significant Form, Style, or Artistic Conventions,Longfellows poem

9、s are not only accessible in their meaning, but they are also highly regular in their form. It is very simple to teach metrics with Longfellow because he provides easy and memorable examples of so many metrical schemes. These can be presentend in connection chit Longfellows personal history, for he

10、is of course an academic poet, and as such a poet writing often self-consciously a learned perspective. Thus, nothing with him seems wholly spontaneous or accidental.,A Psalm of Life Tell me not, in mournful numbers, 請(qǐng)別用哀傷的詩句對(duì)我講； Life is but an empty dream! 人生呵，無非是虛夢(mèng)一場(chǎng)！ For the soul is dead that slu

11、mbers, 因?yàn)槌了撵`魂如死一般， And things are not what they seem. 事物的表里并不如一。 Life is real! Life is earnest! 人生是實(shí)在的！人生是熱烈的！ And the grave is not its goal; 人生的目標(biāo)決不是墳?zāi)梗?Dust thou art, to dust returns, 你是塵土，應(yīng)歸于塵土。 Was not spoken of the soul. 此話指的并不是我們的精神。 Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, 我們的歸宿并不是快樂， Is our destined

12、end or way; 也不是悲傷， But to act, that each to-morrow 實(shí)干，才是我們的道路。 Find us farther than to-day. 每天不斷前進(jìn)，蒸蒸蒸日上。,第一，二節(jié)，針對(duì)“人生如夢(mèng)”的頹廢論調(diào)，開宗明義地指出“人生是實(shí)在的，人生不是虛無”。第三，四，五，六節(jié)進(jìn)一步指出，既然生活不是夢(mèng)，那就要抓住現(xiàn)在去實(shí)干，去行動(dòng)。第七，八兩節(jié)以偉人的榜樣來激勵(lì)人們，要在”時(shí)間的沙灘上”留下腳印，以給后來者以鼓舞，最后一節(jié)以更為激昂的聲調(diào)總結(jié)全詩，首尾呼應(yīng)，在“不斷去收獲，不斷去追求” 的強(qiáng)音中結(jié)束全詩。 本詩四句一節(jié)，共計(jì)三十六句，分為九節(jié)。上一節(jié)食下

13、一節(jié)內(nèi)容的鋪墊，每一節(jié)內(nèi)容都有層層遞進(jìn)的趨勢(shì)，像一只無形而又強(qiáng)有力的手，一步步把我們推向思想的高潮。,A Psalm of Life,It was first published in Voice of the Night in the September edition of New York Monthly in 1839. It is very influential in China, because it is said to be the first English poem translated into . The poem was written in 1838 when L

14、ongfellow was struck with great dismay; his wife died in 1835, and his courtship of a young woman was unrequited. However, despite all the frustrations, Longfellow tried to encourage himself by writing a piece of optimistic work.,A Psalm of Life,The relationship of life and death is a constant theme

15、 for poets. Longfellow expresses his pertinent interpretation to warn us that though life is hard and everybody must die, time and life is short, yet, human beings ought to be bold“to act,” to face the reality straightly so as to make otherwise meaningless life significant.,Appreciation of A Psalm of Life,A Psalm of Life which is written by American romantic poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow is a lyric po