初一下英語知識(shí)梳理(總復(fù)習(xí)).ppt

1、期末總復(fù)習(xí),初一第二學(xué)期,建議,知識(shí)與能力并重 閱讀完形天天練 聽力寫作專項(xiàng)練 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)分類練,一、語法,1.詞法 2.句法,名詞 The Noun (縮寫為n) 表示人或事物的名稱 Basket, mouth, hospital, 冠詞 The Article (art) 用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物 a, an, the 代詞 The Pronoun (pron) 用來代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞 They, his, him, 形容詞 The Adjective (adj) 用以修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征 Long, empty, heavy, different, cheap, h

2、ungry 數(shù)詞 The Numeral (num) 表示數(shù)量或順序 Three, thirteen, twenty, second 動(dòng)詞 The Verb (v) 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) Hear, write, swim, eat, borrow, sing 副詞 The Adverb (adv) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞 Quickly, early, out, soon, then, sometimes 介詞 The Preposition (prep) 表示名詞、代詞等和句中其他詞的關(guān)系 From, with, at, into, behind, between, for 連詞 The C

3、onjunction (conj) 用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句與句 And, or, but, so, because 感嘆詞 The Interjection (interj) 表示說話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感 Oh, hey, ouch, well, there, dear,詞類,名詞,Days of the week Months of the year School subjects Special holidays Clothing Seasons Health-related words Occupations music,Inventions and discoveries Da

4、tes and years Vacations Tourist attractions Places of interest Geographical terms Compass points Culture,代詞,不定代詞,1. other, others, the other, the others, another, the other, any other 2. one, ones, ones 3.,some, any, no, none, many, much few, little, a few, a little, all, both, every, each,不定代詞,4. s

5、omethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)！,形容詞與不定代詞的位置,something easy, hard, important. anything useful, interesting, funny. nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting.,形容詞,Adjectives to describe the weather (n.+y) Adjectives t

6、o describe clothes Adjectives to describe appearance and personality Adjectives to describe things,形容詞、副詞,形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,在詞尾處+ ly,y結(jié)尾時(shí),去y + ily,有的e結(jié)尾的單詞,需去y + ly，有的則直接+ly。,quickquickly 2. easy-easily 3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly 5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully,形容詞、副詞的使用,形容詞,副詞,修飾名詞,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞,The

7、y are clever boys. I prefer long hair.,It really sounds nice. They work very hard.,頻率副詞,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,用How often 對(duì)它們進(jìn)行提問。 他們體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率程度。,I always have milk for breakfast. I usually have eggs for breakfast. I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I

8、seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.,數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞,百,千,萬,的表達(dá),幾分之幾,用來表達(dá)時(shí)、分,用來表達(dá)年、月、日,與時(shí)間相關(guān)的介詞,for 時(shí)間段前,in 某年、某月前,on 具體日子、節(jié)日、 生日、星期幾前,at 某分，某時(shí)前,當(dāng)“早上、下午、晚上”被修飾時(shí)不用 in 而用on.,表示方位的介詞： 某物處在某處的東南西北。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,The Position,in, to, on 的

9、區(qū)別,on,某處在某處之內(nèi),某處與某處相接壤,某處在某處之外,in,to,with 的多種用法,do sth. with sb./ sth. a girl with long hair a room with two doors a city with a large population be busy with sth. / be angry with sb. be popular with. be with a style of. talk with sb. help sb. with sth. an action movie with Jackie Chan Whats wrong /

10、 the matter with.?,表示交通方式的常用介詞,by bus/car/train/bike/ship/plane/sea/air,on the bus/train on ones bike in ones car,疑問詞,動(dòng)詞,行為動(dòng)詞 含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在句中能獨(dú)立作謂語。 及物動(dòng)詞 后面一定接賓語 ,不及物動(dòng)詞 后面可以不接賓語 連系動(dòng)詞（link v） 本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。 Be, become, grow, get, turn, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem 助動(dòng)詞（v.a

11、ux.） 本身沒有詞義，不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示否定、疑問、時(shí)態(tài)或其他語法形式 Do, does, did, am, is, are, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs） 本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 Can, may, must, should, need, have to ,1.動(dòng)詞 (謂語),He watches TV every day. He is watching TV now. He watched TV a moment ago.,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)

12、在時(shí)常表示： 1.客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理 2.經(jīng)常發(fā)生，反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 3.主語現(xiàn)有的特征 常與下列時(shí)間狀語連用： 1）often, always, usually, sometimes, never等: It never snows in Australia in December. They usually go to school by bike.,2)once a year, twice a month, every year/week/day, every two days等： He writes to his father twice a month. 3)有時(shí)可與表示未來的時(shí)間

13、狀語連用，表達(dá)按規(guī)定，計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的情況， 此類狀語有：at 11:30, tomorrow, tonight, now等： Where do we go now?,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與時(shí)間狀語now, this week, these days 等連用。另外，我們還要注意句中的隱含條件（如：look, listen, Its nine oclock等）。如： The student are doing their homework. You are working on a farm these days. Whom are you wait

14、ing for?,有些動(dòng)詞如come, go, leave, begin, stay, start 等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示預(yù)定的或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，句中常有表示將來的狀語: Im leaving on Sunday morning. Jim is coming here this evening.,一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。用于一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語有： 1）at that time, at that moment, just now, just then Tom was here just now. 2)yesterday, yesterday morning/aftern

15、oon/evening, last night/week/month/Sunday/January等。 I called you last night, but you werent at home.,3)during the holidays, a few days/weeks/years ago I finished the work a few days ago. 4) when, while, before, after, whenever等。 When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. 5) “in (on或 at)+一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間”，

16、如 in 1980, on the morning of July 2nd, at 10:00等。如： This story happened in 2003.,動(dòng)詞 (非謂語),He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh. I wanted to see it again.,+doing,還有介詞busy,finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice,make let,+do,+doing,plan order decide want ,+to do,1.Without thinking more, he left h

17、ere. 2.I cant finish writing it in only a few minutes. 3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams. 4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things. 5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young. 6.Lets practice speaking English, OK?,系動(dòng)詞 (+形容詞的動(dòng)詞),lookturn soundbecome tasteget feel

18、go smellkeep,1) Jims idea sounds nice. 2) Kate looks taller. 3) I feel nervous now. 4) Beijing becomes bigger. 5) The days get long. 6) The cake tastes delicious.,連詞,1. and 7. when 2. but 8. before 3. or 9. after 4. so 10. as 5. though 11. if 6. because,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though befor

19、e, after, if, 填空,1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese. 2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it. 3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.,Because,and,but,4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow. 5. _it is raining hea

20、vily, the farmers are still working in the field. 6. I can help you _ I have time.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,Though,before,if,7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while. 8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them. 9. I didnt finish my homework yest

21、erday, _ I got up very early this morning.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,so,or,After,10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game. 11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if,

22、 填空,If,When,句子,簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,陳述句,疑問句,感嘆句,祈使句,簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,選擇問句,特殊疑問句,感嘆句,This is an orange bike. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （Dont） up.,一般疑問句

23、,否定句,祈使句,句中沒有be、can, may , must, would 的變法,句中有be、can, may , must, would 的變法,否定句、一般疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu),回答:,Can you .? Yes, I can. No, I cant. Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt. Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt. Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt. Would you.? Yes, I woul

24、d. No. I wouldnt. Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent. Should you.? Yes, I should. No, I shouldnt.,祈使句,無主語、動(dòng)詞開頭， 表請(qǐng)求或命令的句子。,肯定式,否定式,Open the window, please. Be quiet! Let me help you.,Dont open the window. Dont be late. Dont let him go. / Let him not go. No smoking!,二、話題,天氣及季節(jié) 2.人的相貌及性格 3.健康

25、 4.假期,某人用多長時(shí)間做某事： It takes/took sb. + time + to do sth. 2. 提問時(shí)間： Whats the time? What time is it? What time is it by your watch?,3.提問日期： Whats the date today? What was the date yesterday? 4. 提問星期幾： What day is it today? What day was yesterday?,5.提問某人的生日： When is ones birthday? 6. 提問天氣： What is the w

26、eather like today? (How is the weather today?) What was the weather yesterday? (How was the weather yesterday?,7.提問溫度： Whats todays temperature? How about the temperature? 8. 提問人的相貌： What does.look like? 9. 提問人的性格： What is . like?,10.詢問對(duì)方情況： Whats wrong with.sb.? Whats the matter with .sb.? 11. 到該做什

27、么事的時(shí)候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.,12. 提建議用語： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth. You should do sth.,13.談?wù)摻】祮栴}： 1) 用英文敘述自己的病癥 have a fever have a cold have a pain here have a headache have a sore throat have a stomac

28、hache.,2) 就此病癥提出合理建議 Take / Have some / this medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.,三、句型,1. Its time to do sth./Its time for sth. 2. It takes/took sb. some time to

29、 do sth. 3.Whats wrong with .?/ Whats the matter with.? 4. would like /want /decide/ plan to do sth. 5. be late for 6. enjoy/finish/keep/practice doing sth. 7. spend time/money on/(in) doing sth.,四、常用短語,1.wake up 8. fall off 2. wake.sb. up 9. come out 3. tell. about 10. get on/along with. 4. talk to

30、 / with sb. 11. turn on / off 5. invite .to. 12. put on 6. play with 13. take off 7. think about. 14. be always doing. think out 15. add. to think of. 16. know about,17. learn about26. in many ways 18. start with27. in fact 19. give up28. in summer 20. be called / named29. in the sun 21. stop off30.

31、 in ones thirties 22. on the telephone31. in space 23. on the Internet32. in 1990 24. on weekend33. in the 1990s 25. on the earth34. in the night on the moon35. at night,36. at this time of year 46. on the top of 37. at the same time 47. a road to. 38. at the moment 48. to sb. 39. at the end of. 49.

32、 be different 40. from.to. from. 41. for a while 50. be difference 42. for a drink between 43. for days 51. go to sw. for a 44. on the other side of. holiday 45. on ones way to. 52. as usual,53. be interested in. 63. in class 54. be always doing. 64. first of all 55. by bike 65. in the past 56. on K

33、ates bike 66. last year 57. a photo of. 67. from the 1960s 58. a photographer for 68. apart from. 59. not.at all 69. thousands of. 60. get into trouble hundreds of. 61. listen to music 70. for example 62. go to concerts 71. the trip to.,72. too much noise 82. all night 73. much too expensive 83. a l

34、ot of fun 74. save up 84. plan to do 75. go on vacation 85. decide to do 76. take photos 86. want to do 77. stay at a hotel 87. a big meal 78. on the same team 88. keep out 79. need .for. 89. one third 80. do sth. on ones own 90. the time of. 81. make one stop 91. a form of.,93. drive to sw. 103. th

35、e same as 94. the capital of. 104. all the time 95. be full of. 105. all kinds of 96. more than 106. 3 times a day 97. the shape of. 107. take the 98. 10 thousand medicine 99. a northern city of. 100. get a view of . 101. the population of Beijing 102. a population of 13 million,五、易混淆的詞、詞組,What is .like? What does.look like?,1.,2.,3.,4.,what to do how to do it,in the corner at the corner,wake up w