冠詞的用法講解練習(xí).ppt

1、09年高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列一,冠 詞,不定冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage. （04浙江） A. the , / B. an, the C. /, the D. an, a,D,該句意為“威爾遜先生一家住在海邊的一幢A型房子里，那是一幢十七世紀(jì)的屋子?！眱商幎急硎尽耙淮薄埃珹-shaped 是元音開(kāi)頭，該用 an；而 seventeenth是輔音開(kāi)頭，所以該用 a。,考題點(diǎn)擊2 Mrs. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daugh

2、ter who has _ gift for paintingshe has won two national prizes. （05浙江卷） Aa; a Ban; the Can; a Dthe; a,C,“Taylor 夫人有一個(gè)在繪畫(huà)方面極有天賦的八歲的女兒，她已經(jīng)兩次獲得全國(guó)大獎(jiǎng)了?！?eight 是元音開(kāi)頭，所以該用 an；而后面的 have a gift for為一短語(yǔ)，表示“在 方面有天賦”，故答案為C。,冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語(yǔ)中的冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞（the Definite Article），另一種是不定冠詞（

3、the Indefinite Article），還有一種是零冠詞（Zero Article）。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源，是“一個(gè)”的意思。a用于輔音音素前，而an則用于元音音素前。,1) 代表一類(lèi)人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer.,2)當(dāng)?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄?，且并非特指時(shí)，用不定冠詞a或an起介紹作用 She is working in a factory. 3)用于人名前，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)此人不認(rèn)識(shí)，或表示與某人有類(lèi)似性質(zhì)的人或事物”一位名叫” A Mr. Smith came to

4、visit you when you went out. He wishes to become a Newton.,4)表示樂(lè)器的名詞前一般用定冠詞the, 但前面如果出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)修飾，也可能用不定冠詞a, an。He starts his day by playing the violin.He is playing a borrowed violin.,5)介詞與表示交通工具的名詞連用表示籠統(tǒng)的方式，前面一般不用冠詞，但如果名詞的前面出現(xiàn)了修飾語(yǔ)，前面需加冠詞a/an。,He went to the station by car.He went to the station in a bla

5、ck car.,6) turn用作系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。,He turned writer many years later. (=He became a writer many years later.),7)在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一，再一” This is the third time Ive been here. I want to be here a fourth time.,8)放在抽象名詞前，用來(lái)表示具體的一個(gè)人或一件事,He is not a success as a leader, but he has gained much experience in tea

6、ching.,9)在形容詞最高級(jí)前表示“非?！?不定冠詞,Unit Nine is a most difficult unit, but it isnt the most difficult unit in Book One.,10. a/an 用于說(shuō)明事物的同一性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、程度或大小，表示“相同”之意，相當(dāng)于the same . we are nearly of an age . Birds of a feather flock together.物以類(lèi)聚。,11. 在某些句型中可加aIt is a pity that you have missed the chance.It is a s

7、hame / a pleasure / a honour for sb. to do sth.,12. 不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的一日三餐前。,我每天早晨上班前吃點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)單的早餐。 Before I go to work every morning, Ive a light breakfast.,12. 不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。,車(chē)禍?zhǔn)?月底的一個(gè)星期天發(fā)生的。,The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.,13. 否定比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，常借助于不定冠詞a/an. - wh

8、at do you think of the film? -Oh , 我從沒(méi)看過(guò)這最糟糕的電影。,14. 不定冠詞a(n)用于形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義仍為單數(shù)的名詞前。,一千英里是相當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)的距離。,A thousand miles is a good distance.,15). 詞組或成語(yǔ)。 once in a whileat a lossa little a fewa lota type of a pileas a wholein a way a great manymany aas a rule in a hurryof a sizein a minute have a word with sb

9、.in a wordin a short while after a whilehave a coldhave a try keep an eye onall of a suddenpay a visit to a great deal ofa (great ) number of do sb a favorat a distancetell a lie once upon a timea knowledge ofmake a living have a good timekeep a diaryall of a sudden as a matter of facttake ( a ) pri

10、de in take a walk (break, bath, seat) have a headache/fever,不定冠詞的位置 考題點(diǎn)擊1 _ role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (2002上海春) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting,D,不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。但位于下列形容詞之后： such，what，many，half，如： I have never se

11、en such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.,考題點(diǎn)擊2 We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海) A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush,D,當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞 as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后： It is as pleasant

12、a day as I have ever spent. So short a time. Too long a distance.,還需注意下面幾個(gè)問(wèn)題： 1、quite，rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather，quite 前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞放其前后均可。如：quite a lot / quite a sudden change / a rather difficult job2、在as，though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，并將其倒裝時(shí)，其前不用冠詞；否則用冠詞： Brave man though he is，he trembles at the s

13、ight of snakes.Though she is a young girl 3、當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。 There is much bigger a room than mine.,4. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物的名詞前一般加定冠詞the; 但如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ)，也可能用不定冠詞a,an。the world, a peaceful world the moon, a bright moon,5. 表示一日三餐的名詞前面一般不用冠詞，但前面如果有了定語(yǔ)修飾，也可能用不定冠詞a, an。Have you had supper?We had a won

14、derful supper.,6. a/an 可表示單位,價(jià)格,速度,比率等,意為”每一個(gè)=per 或 every. at a speed of eighty miles an hour,定冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid _. （04上海春季） A. by the hour B. by hour C. by an hour D. by hours,A,“按小時(shí)付費(fèi)”，以及其它用來(lái)表示“按計(jì)算”都需用介詞 by 加 the 加單位名詞來(lái)表示，如：by the day; by the jin; by

15、the pound; by the dozen 。但需注意：size; weight; time; length 等名詞并不表示單位，所以不需加 the。,考題點(diǎn)擊2 On May 5, 2005, at _World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens doubles with _ score of 4: 1. (05江蘇卷) A. a; a B. 不填; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a,D,“the World Table Tennis Champion

16、ship”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞，用來(lái)表示一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)名稱(chēng)。這類(lèi)名詞前都要加 the。 “with a score of 4:1” 表示“以4:1的比分”，是一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。,考題點(diǎn)擊3 This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. （05遼寧卷） Athe; the Ba; the Cthe; 不填 Da; 不填,C,“這本書(shū)講的是 John Smith 的人生故事”，是特指的，所以必須用 the。 “l(fā)eave schoo

17、l” 表示“畢業(yè)”，不用冠詞。類(lèi)似的用法還有：finish school; in class; at church; go to school 等。,定冠詞the與指示代詞this，that同源，有“那（這）個(gè)”的意思，但較弱，可以和一個(gè)名詞連用，來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。1）特指雙方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過(guò)的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house. 他買(mǎi)了幢房子。我去過(guò)那幢房子。3）指世上獨(dú)一物二的事物： the sun， the sky， the moon， the earth,4

18、）與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類(lèi)事物，如：the dollar 美元; the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類(lèi) 人：the rich 富人; the living 生者。5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)，及形容詞only， very， same等前面： Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪？我住在二層。 Thats the very thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的東西。6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個(gè)群體： They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)

19、They are teachers of this school. (指部分教師),7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位 的名詞前： She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國(guó)家名稱(chēng)、機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán) 體、階級(jí)、等專(zhuān)有名詞前： the Peoples Republic of China 中華人民共和國(guó) the United States 美國(guó)9）用在表示樂(lè)器的名詞之前： She plays the piano.她會(huì)彈鋼琴。10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人： the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫婦),11) 用在表示“度量

20、衡”之類(lèi)的名詞前： Apples are sold by the pound. 但要注意在 time, weight, length 等名詞前不加 the。 12) 形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前及表示“世紀(jì)或逢十的年代”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前。 The first daythe most beautiful girl Peter is the tallest in our class. In the 1990s ( 1990s) 13)表示樂(lè)器的名詞中，Erhu等中國(guó)樂(lè)器前不加the Play Erhu,14）表示江河、海洋、海灣、海峽、湖泊、山脈、港口、群島的名詞之前。（注：山峰、島嶼為專(zhuān)有名詞，其前不用定

21、冠詞，如：Mount Tai, Tai Wan Island） The Chang Jiang River, the Suez Canal, the Pacific Ocean, the Taiwan Straits, the Tai Hang Mountains, the West Lake, the Philippines 15)用在國(guó)籍前表示全體 The Chinese, the Japanese 16)在發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前 Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 17)用于報(bào)刊雜志、會(huì)議、條約、歷史事件、時(shí)期、朝代前 The Times泰晤士

22、報(bào), the 16th Party Congress第十六次黨代會(huì), the Atlantic Pact大西洋公約, the May 4th Movement五四運(yùn)動(dòng), the Xian Incident西安事變, the Middle Ages中世紀(jì), the Tang Dynasty唐朝,18）用在某些動(dòng)詞后，代替物主代詞，指人的身體或衣著的某部分。 常用這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：hit, take, beat, strike, pat, pull, catch, shake, seize其中，表打的介詞用on, in，表抓，拿的介詞用by He catch sb by the arm / by the

23、 hand / by the collar,19)用于習(xí)語(yǔ)或固定結(jié)構(gòu)中 All the time, all the year round, all the age of, at the same time, at the beginning of, at the end of, by the end of, in the end, in the beginning, in the day, in the daytime, the other day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day before yesterday, the day a

24、fter tomorrow, at the bottom of, at the edge of, at the foot of, by the side of, in the distance, in the middle of, in the sky, in the sun, in the world, in the shade, under the shade, on the left, in the street, on the ground, in the east of, on the way to, on the other side of, by the way, in the

25、darkness, on the radio, under the leadership, with the help of, in the habit of, in the form of, break the law, make the bed, tell the truth, keep the balance of -,定冠詞的位置 考題點(diǎn)擊1 He did it _ it took me. (2003北京) A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time,D,定冠詞通常位

26、于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前，但放在all， both，double，half，twice，three times等詞之后，名詞之前。 All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。,零冠詞的用法 考題點(diǎn)擊1 If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get _ fast one. （05全國(guó)卷3） Athe; theB不填；a Cthe; a D不填；不填,B,在由介詞 by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語(yǔ)中，不用冠詞。但如果

27、by 不表示交通方式，而表示地理位置，就需要加冠詞了。如：by sea 乘船；by the sea 在海邊,考題點(diǎn)擊2 It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life. ( 05北京卷) A. 不填；不填B. 不填；a C. the, 不填D. the, a,B,teachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，用來(lái)表示類(lèi)屬，不加冠詞。只有在特定范圍內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前才加冠詞。“have a life”是一個(gè)習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)，表示“過(guò)著的生活”。,考題點(diǎn)擊3 The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined

28、by the sort of _wool used. （01全國(guó)） A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /,B,sweater 的保暖性能取決于使用哪一種類(lèi)型的羊毛。the 加單數(shù)名詞 sweater 表示一種類(lèi)型；而羊毛是物質(zhì)名詞，表示類(lèi)屬的物質(zhì)名詞不加冠詞。,1）國(guó)名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary； 2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)，可不用定 冠詞；They are teachers. 他們是教師。 3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞；Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母 4）物

29、質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，當(dāng)表示特定的意思時(shí)，需要加定冠詞； Man cannot live without water. 人離開(kāi)水就無(wú)法生存。,5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、 假日、日期、星期等表示 時(shí)間的名詞之前，不加冠詞； We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。6）在稱(chēng)呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。7）在三餐飯、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱(chēng)前，不加 冠詞 如：have breakfast，p

30、lay chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾，則需要加 冠詞。如：have a big breakfast,8）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí)，常省去冠詞；I cant write without pen or pencil. 沒(méi)有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫(xiě)不了字。9）當(dāng)by 與火車(chē)等交通工具連用，表示一種方式時(shí)， 中間無(wú)冠詞；by bus，by train； 10）有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞；如： school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed， table，class，town，church，court 等個(gè)體名詞，直 接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義； go

31、to hospital去醫(yī)院看病 go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院 (并不一定去看病),11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞 He came first in the race.c. 在固定詞組中 at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 12）學(xué)科名詞、語(yǔ)言名稱(chēng)前 Study Physics / Chinese / English / Chemistry. 注意：Whats the Chinese for the word “ map ”? 13)某些疾病名稱(chēng)前 Heart attack, l

32、iver trouble, high blood pressure 但有些表示疾病的名詞前要加不定冠詞：have a headache, fever, cut, cough, wound, pain等。,14）呼喚語(yǔ)，在自家人或熟人間談到家庭中的成員時(shí)，或指家中雇傭的cook, teacher, nurse時(shí)。 Whats wrong with you, mother? Whos monitor in your class, girl? Mother asked nurse to take the child out. 15）可數(shù)名詞已有物主代詞，指示代詞，不定代詞，名詞所有格以及kind o

33、f, sort of, piece of修飾時(shí)。 I like this book. I have not any pictures. I have this kind of bike. This is Peters dictionary. 16)用基數(shù)詞表示物體的編號(hào)時(shí)。 Lesson One, Room 201, Class 4, Grade 3 17)在動(dòng)詞go, turn“變成”后的名詞前。 His brother turned engineer. He has gone lawyer. 18)普通名詞+as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（倒裝），名詞前；Man指人類(lèi)時(shí)man前。 Child as

34、 he is, he knows a lot of things. Man will conquer nature.,19)含有零冠詞的習(xí)語(yǔ)或固定結(jié)構(gòu) After school, after class, after graduation, after liberation, all day and all night, all night long, arm in arm, ask for help, ask for advice, at dinner, at first, at last, at night, at noon, at once, at present, at war, at

35、 work, by accident, by chance, by air, by bike, by hand, by means of, by mistake, catch fire, catch sight of, catch/get/take hold of, come into power, day and night, day by day, east and west, face to face, father and son, for example, for sale, hand in hand, heart and soul, husband and wife, in bed

36、, in danger, in debt, in fact, in hunger, in ink, in pencil, in need, in order, in public, in return, in search of, in silence, in space, in surprise, in town, in trouble, in use, in time, on time, keep in touch with, learn - by heart, lose weight, put on weight, make fun of, make room for, make use

37、 of, man and woman, on duty, on fire, on foot, on sale, on show, on strike, out of breath, out of danger, out of order, out of sight, set fire, shoulder to shoulder, side by side, step by step, take care of, take pride in, time and time, watch TV, with anger, with pleasure, with satisfaction,使用冠詞注意事

38、項(xiàng),一、表示類(lèi)別 不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) A horse is a useful animal. 定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) The horse is a useful animal. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) Horses are useful animals. 不可數(shù)名詞 What fine weather it is!,二、并列結(jié)構(gòu)中冠詞的使用 1、一個(gè)人具有雙重身份或身兼數(shù)職時(shí)，可以用一個(gè)冠詞。 A blind singer and poet The principal and secretary 2、兩件東西配成一套使用時(shí)，只用一個(gè)冠詞。 A needle and thread A watch and

39、 chain A knife and fork 3、兩個(gè)關(guān)系十分密切的單數(shù)名詞并列時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。 Hand and foot, heart and soul, father and son, knife and fork, bread and butter, from right to left, day and night, face to face, day by day, word for word逐字地, husband and wife,三、一冠之差，意思不同。 A most很-the most最- 等等,四、society做“社會(huì)”時(shí)，如果泛指一般的社會(huì)，前面不用定冠詞；如果表

40、示特定的某個(gè)社會(huì)，要用定冠詞。 A thief is a danger to society. The society of the Greeks was based on freedom.,五、方位名詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面不用定冠。另外，方位名詞作定語(yǔ)修飾專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)，前面不加冠詞，但第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)。 The window faces north. The soldier got to a village east of the lake. You can see from the map that South America is joined to North America. 下面三句意思相

41、同： Yangzhou is (lies) northeast of Nanjing. Northeast of Nanjing is (lies) Yangzhou. To the northeast of Nanjing is (lies) Yangzhou.,六、形容詞最高級(jí)前不加定冠詞的五種情況： 最高級(jí)用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示非常，極其的意思。不用定冠詞或用不定冠詞。 做標(biāo)語(yǔ)的形容詞最高級(jí)，只用來(lái)同本身比較，并且無(wú)一定范圍時(shí)，不用定冠詞。 如果形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾的是同源賓語(yǔ)，前面只用物主代詞。 如果形容詞最高級(jí)用在that, though, as引導(dǎo)的倒裝讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，不用定冠詞。 在at the least, at the best, at the worst, at the latest, at the farthest等短語(yǔ)中，定冠詞通常省略。,She was in closet touch with us. He is a most le